|
1702 In Science
The year 1702 in science and technology involved some significant events. Astronomy * April 20 – Comet of 1702 ( C/1702 H1): The 10th-closest comet approach in history, it missed Earth by a distance of 0.0437 AU (6,537,000 km). * David Gregory publishes the first textbook, ''Astronomiae physicae et geometricae elementa'', the first astronomy textbook based on Isaac Newton's principles of motions and theory of gravitation. Technology * A fountain pen was developed by Frenchman M. Bion. ( Nicolas Bion (1652–1733) described a fountain pen in a treatise published in 1709; he did not claim to have invented them nor is there any evidence that he made them.) * Pierre Varignon applies calculus to spring-driven clocks. Births * November 5 – Edward Stone, English polymath (died 1768) * Undated ** Giuseppa Barbapiccola, Italian natural philosopher, poet and translator (died 1740) ** Benjamin Stillingfleet, English botanist (died 1771) Deaths * April – Clopton ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
English People
The English people are an ethnic group and nation native to England, who speak the English language in England, English language, a West Germanic languages, West Germanic language, and share a common history and culture. The English identity is of History of Anglo-Saxon England, Anglo-Saxon origin, when they were known in Old English as the ('race or tribe of the Angles'). Their ethnonym is derived from the Angles, one of the Germanic peoples who migrated to Great Britain around the 5th century AD. The English largely descend from two main historical population groups the West Germanic tribes (the Angles, Saxons, Jutes and Frisians) who settled in southern Britain following the withdrawal of the Ancient Rome, Romans, and the Romano-British culture, partially Romanised Celtic Britons already living there.Martiniano, R., Caffell, A., Holst, M. et al. Genomic signals of migration and continuity in Britain before the Anglo-Saxons. Nat Commun 7, 10326 (2016). https://doi.org/10 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1702 In Science
The year 1702 in science and technology involved some significant events. Astronomy * April 20 – Comet of 1702 ( C/1702 H1): The 10th-closest comet approach in history, it missed Earth by a distance of 0.0437 AU (6,537,000 km). * David Gregory publishes the first textbook, ''Astronomiae physicae et geometricae elementa'', the first astronomy textbook based on Isaac Newton's principles of motions and theory of gravitation. Technology * A fountain pen was developed by Frenchman M. Bion. ( Nicolas Bion (1652–1733) described a fountain pen in a treatise published in 1709; he did not claim to have invented them nor is there any evidence that he made them.) * Pierre Varignon applies calculus to spring-driven clocks. Births * November 5 – Edward Stone, English polymath (died 1768) * Undated ** Giuseppa Barbapiccola, Italian natural philosopher, poet and translator (died 1740) ** Benjamin Stillingfleet, English botanist (died 1771) Deaths * April – Clopton ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1630 In Science
The year 1630 in science and technology involved some significant events. Astronomy * Following his recently completed Rudolphine Tables, Kepler predicts a transit of Mercury on 7 November 1631 and a transit of Venus on 6 December 1631. He writes an "admonition" to astronomers to prepare for observations on these dates, which is published after his death by Jacob Bartsch. Mathematics * Pierre de Fermat studies the curve later known as the "Witch of Agnesi". Microscopy * Francesco Stelluti's ', published in Rome, is the first book to contain images of organisms viewed through the microscope. Technology * Cornelius Drebbel produces an early form of magic lantern or slide projector. Events * The first laws prohibiting gambling in America are passed. Births * July 19 – François Cureau de La Chambre, French physician (died 1680) * September 13 – Olof Rudbeck, Swedish physiologist (died 1702) * October – Isaac Barrow, English mathematician (died 1677) * ''possible date'' â ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Olof Rudbeck
Olaus Rudbeck (also known as Olof Rudbeck the Elder, to distinguish him from his son, and occasionally with the surname Latinized as ''Olaus Rudbeckius'') (13 September 1630 – 12 December 1702) was a Swedish scientist and writer, professor of medicine at Uppsala University, and for several periods ''rector magnificus'' of the same university. He was born in VästerÃ¥s, the son of Bishop Johannes Rudbeckius, who was personal chaplain to King Gustavus Adolphus, and the father of botanist Olof Rudbeck the Younger. Rudbeck is primarily known for his contributions in two fields: human anatomy and linguistics, but he was also accomplished in many other fields including music and botany. He established the first botanical garden in Sweden at Uppsala, called Rudbeck's Garden, but which was renamed a hundred years later for his son's student, the botanist Carl Linnaeus. Human anatomy Rudbeck was one of the pioneers in the study of lymphatic vessels. According to his supporters in S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1657 In Science
The year 1657 in science and technology involved some significant events. Geography * Peter Heylin publishes his ''Cosmographie'', one of the earliest attempts to describe the entire world in English and the first known description of Australia. Mathematics * Christiaan Huygens writes the first book to be published on probability theory, ''De ratiociniis in ludo aleae'' ("On Reasoning in Games of Chance"). Medicine * Walter Rumsey invents the provang, a baleen instrument which he describes in his ''Organon Salutis: an instrument to cleanse the stomach.'' Technology * Christiaan Huygens patents his 1656 design for a pendulum clock and the first example is made for him by Salomon Coster at The Hague. * ''approx. date'' – The anchor escapement for clocks is probably invented by Robert Hooke. Institutions * Accademia del Cimento established in Florence. Births * February 11 – Bernard le Bovier de Fontenelle, French scientific populariser (died 1757) * ''approx. date' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Clopton Havers
Clopton Havers (24 February 1657 – April 1702) was an English physician who did pioneering research on the microstructure of bone. He is believed to have been the first person to observe and almost certainly the first to describe what are now called Haversian canals and Sharpey's fibres. Early life Havers was born in Stambourne, Essex, the son of Henry Havers, Rector of Stambourne. He studied medicine under Richard Morton, and later, in 1668, attended St Catharine's College, Cambridge, but failed to graduate. Following this, Havers' whereabouts are unknown until 1684, when he was admitted as an extra-licentiate of the College of Physicians of London, which allowed him to practice medicine in limited areas of the country. In 1685, he studied at Utrecht University in the Netherlands, and was awarded a degree of "Doctor of Medicine" following presentation of his thesis, entitled ' (On Respiration) in 1685. Career Havers practiced medicine in London, and was particularly in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1771 In Science
The year 1771 in science and technology involved some significant events. Astronomy * Lagrange discusses how numerous astronomical observations should be combined so as to give the most probable result. Chemistry * British apothecary Thomas Henry invents a process for preparing magnesium oxide. Exploration * August 17 – Edinburgh botanist James Robertson makes the first recorded ascent of Ben Nevis in Scotland. Mathematics * Lagrange publishes his second paper on the general process for solving an algebraic equation of any degree via ''Lagrange resolvents''; and proves Wilson's theorem that if ''n'' is a prime, then (''n'' − 1)! + 1 is always a multiple of ''n''. Medicine * Norfolk and Norwich Hospital founded in England. Events * March 15 – Society of Civil Engineers first meets (in London), the world's oldest engineering society. * December 16 – French chemist Antoine Lavoisier (28) marries Marie-Anne Pierrette Paulze, not yet 14 and daughter of his senior in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Benjamin Stillingfleet
Benjamin Stillingfleet (1702–1771) was an English botanist, polymath, and author. Life Benjamin Stillingfleet was born in 1702 in Wood Norton, Norfolk to Mary Ann and Edward Stillingfleet. He was one of four children, and the only son.I. D. Hughes, 'Stillingfleet, Benjamin (1702–1771)', ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography'', Oxford University Press, Sept 2004; online edn, May 200accessed 26 Feb 2010/ref> His grandfather, Edward Stillingfleet, had died in 1699, but left no money to Benjamin's father as he disapproved of his father's opinions and his marriage. Stillingfleet was educated at Norwich School and excelled at classical languages. He was invited to Trinity College, Cambridge in 1720 at the request of the Master of the college Richard Bentley. Stillingfleet obtained a B.A. in 1723, but his application to become a Fellow at the college was rejected. This was in part due to the influence of Bentley, who is reported to have said that "Stillingfleet was too fine ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1740 In Science
The year 1740 in science and technology involved some significant events. Mathematics * Jean Paul de Gua de Malves publishes his work of analytic geometry, . Metallurgy * Benjamin Huntsman develops the technique of crucible steel production at Handsworth, South Yorkshire, England. Physics * Jacques-Barthélemy Micheli du Crest creates a spirit thermometer, making use of two fixed points, 0 for "Temperature of earth" based on a cave at Paris Observatory and 100 for the heat of boiling water. * Émilie du Châtelet publishes ''Institutions de Physique'', including a demonstration that the energy of a moving object is proportional to the square of its velocity (Ek = mv²). * Louis Bertrand Castel publishes ''L'Optique des couleurs'' in Paris, including the observation that the colours of white light split by a prism depend on distance from the prism. Technology * Henry Hindley of Yorkshire invents a device to cut the teeth of clock wheels. Awards * Copley Medal: Alexander Stuart ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Giuseppa Barbapiccola
Giuseppa Eleonora Barbapiccola (1702 – ca 1740) was an Italian natural philosopher, poet and translator. She is best known for her translation of René Descartes' ''Principles of Philosophy'' to Italian in 1722. In her preface to her translation of ''Principles of Philosophy'', Barbapiccola claimed that women, in contrast to the belief of her contemporaries, were not intellectually inferior out of nature, but because of their lack of education. Neapolitan scholars credited Barbapiccola as the individual who brought Cartesianism thought to Italy. Background Barbapiccola was probably born in Naples, and her family seemed to have originally come from Salerno. Her uncle was Tommaso Maria Alfani, an acclaimed Dominican preacher in Naples and a correspondent of Giambattista Vico. Although nothing is known of her parents, it is arguable that her uncle influenced her upbringing in education and learning. She was a member of the Accademia degli Arcadi in Bologna under the name ''My ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1768 In Science
The year 1768 in science and technology involved some significant events. Biology * Steller's sea cow is hunted to extinction. * Josephus Nicolaus Laurenti becomes auctor of the class of reptiles through his ' on the poisonous function of reptiles and amphibians. He also publishes ' describing the olm, one of the first accounts of a cave animal in the western world. * Caspar Friedrich Wolff begins publication of "De Formatione Intestinarum" in the ''Mémoires'' of The Imperial Academy of Arts and Sciences (Saint Petersburg), a significant work in the science of embryology. * Lazzaro Spallanzani challenges the spontaneous generation of cellular life. Botany * Bougainvillea is first classified in Brazil by Philibert Commerçon, the botanist accompanying Louis Antoine de Bougainville's French Navy voyage of circumnavigation. * Henri-Louis Duhamel du Monceau's ''Traité des arbres fruitiers'' is published in Paris. Chemistry * March 17 – William Cookworthy is granted a patent fo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
