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1696 In Science
The year 1696 in science and technology involved some significant events. History of science * Daniel Le Clerc publishes ''Histoire de la médecine'' in Geneva, the first comprehensive work on the subject. Mathematics * Guillaume de l'Hôpital publishes '' Analyse des Infiniment Petits pour l'Intelligence des Lignes Courbes'', the first textbook on differential calculus, including a statement of his rule for the computation of certain limits. * Jakob Bernoulli and Johann Bernoulli solve the brachistochrone curve problem, the first result in the calculus of variations. Births * ''unknown date'' – Christine Kirch, German astronomer (d. 1782) Deaths * April 30 – Robert Plot, English naturalist and chemist (born 1640) * Jean Richer, French astronomer (born 1630 Events January–March * January 2 – A shoemaker in Turin is found to have the first case of bubonic plague there as the plague of 1630 begins spreading through Italy. * January 5 &ndas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Christine Kirch
Christine Kirch (1696 in Guben, Germany – 6 May 1782), was a German astronomer. Life She was the daughter of the astronomers Gottfried Kirch and Maria Margarethe Kirch and the sister of Christfried Kirch. She and her sister Margaretha Kirch were educated in astronomy from the age of ten. As a child Kirch assisted her parents in their astronomical observations. Reportedly the young Kirch was responsible for taking time of observations by using a pendulum. As she became older Kirch was instructed in calculating calendars. She assisted first her mother and later her brother in calculating various calendars. Until 1740 Kirch did not receive a salary for her contributions, but benefitted from small donations to her from the Berlin Academy of Sciences. Following the death of her brother Christfried the academy relied on her for assistance in calculating calendars. She took responsibility for calculating the calendar for Silesia, a province Prussia conquered in the early 1740s. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1696 In Science
The year 1696 in science and technology involved some significant events. History of science * Daniel Le Clerc publishes ''Histoire de la médecine'' in Geneva, the first comprehensive work on the subject. Mathematics * Guillaume de l'Hôpital publishes '' Analyse des Infiniment Petits pour l'Intelligence des Lignes Courbes'', the first textbook on differential calculus, including a statement of his rule for the computation of certain limits. * Jakob Bernoulli and Johann Bernoulli solve the brachistochrone curve problem, the first result in the calculus of variations. Births * ''unknown date'' – Christine Kirch, German astronomer (d. 1782) Deaths * April 30 – Robert Plot, English naturalist and chemist (born 1640) * Jean Richer, French astronomer (born 1630 Events January–March * January 2 – A shoemaker in Turin is found to have the first case of bubonic plague there as the plague of 1630 begins spreading through Italy. * January 5 &ndas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1630 In Science
The year 1630 in science and technology involved some significant events. Astronomy * Following his recently completed Rudolphine Tables, Kepler predicts a transit of Mercury on 7 November 1631 and a transit of Venus on 6 December 1631. He writes an "admonition" to astronomers to prepare for observations on these dates, which is published after his death by Jacob Bartsch. Mathematics * Pierre de Fermat studies the curve later known as the "Witch of Agnesi". Microscopy * Francesco Stelluti's ', published in Rome, is the first book to contain images of organisms viewed through the microscope. Technology * Cornelius Drebbel produces an early form of magic lantern or slide projector. Events * The first laws prohibiting gambling in America are passed. Births * July 19 – François Cureau de La Chambre, French physician (died 1680) * September 13 – Olof Rudbeck, Swedish physiologist (died 1702) * October – Isaac Barrow, English mathematician (died 1677) * ''possible date'' â ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Astronomer
An astronomer is a scientist in the field of astronomy who focuses their studies on a specific question or field outside the scope of Earth. They observe astronomical objects such as stars, planets, natural satellite, moons, comets and galaxy, galaxies – in either observational astronomy, observational (by analyzing the data) or theoretical astronomy. Examples of topics or fields astronomers study include planetary science, Sun, solar astronomy, the Star formation, origin or stellar evolution, evolution of stars, or the galaxy formation and evolution, formation of galaxies. A related but distinct subject is physical cosmology, which studies the Universe as a whole. Types Astronomers usually fall under either of two main types: observational astronomy, observational and theoretical astronomy, theoretical. Observational astronomers make direct observations of Astronomical object, celestial objects and analyze the data. In contrast, theoretical astronomers create and investigate C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French People
The French people (french: Français) are an ethnic group and nation primarily located in Western Europe that share a common French culture, history, and language, identified with the country of France. The French people, especially the native speakers of langues d'oïl from northern and central France, are primarily the descendants of Gauls (including the Belgae) and Romans (or Gallo-Romans, western European Celtic and Italic peoples), as well as Germanic peoples such as the Franks, the Visigoths, the Suebi and the Burgundians who settled in Gaul from east of the Rhine after the fall of the Roman Empire, as well as various later waves of lower-level irregular migration that have continued to the present day. The Norse also settled in Normandy in the 10th century and contributed significantly to the ancestry of the Normans. Furthermore, regional ethnic minorities also exist within France that have distinct lineages, languages and cultures such as Bretons in Brittany, Occi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jean Richer
Jean Richer (1630–1696) was a French astronomer and assistant (''élève astronome'') at the French Academy of Sciences, under the direction of Giovanni Domenico Cassini. Between 1671 and 1673 he performed experiments and carried out celestial observations in Cayenne, French Guiana, at the request of the French Academy. His observations and measurements of Mars during its perihelic opposition, coupled with those made simultaneously in Paris by Cassini, led to the earliest data-based estimate of the distance between Earth and Mars, which they then used to calculate the distance between the Sun and Earth (the astronomical unit). While there he also measured the length of a seconds pendulum, that is a pendulum with a half-swing of one second, and found it to be 1.25 ''lignes'' (2.8 millimeters*) shorter than at Paris. His methodNewton, Principia Mathematica: "And, first of all, in the year 1672, M Richer took notice of it in the island of Cayenne; for when, in the month of Augus ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1640 In Science
The year 1640 in science and technology involved some significant events. Botany * John Parkinson publishes ''Theatrum Botanicum:The Theater of Plants, or, An Herbal of a Large Extent''. Mathematics * The 16-year-old Blaise Pascal demonstrates the properties of the ''hexagrammum mysticum'' in his ''Essai pour les coniques'' which he sends to Mersenne. * October 18 – Fermat states his " little theorem" in a letter to Frénicle de Bessy: if ''p'' is a prime number, then for any integer ''a'', ''a'' ''p'' − ''a'' will be divisible by ''p''. * December 25 – Fermat claims a proof of the theorem on sums of two squares in a letter to Mersenne ("Fermat's Christmas Theorem"): an odd prime ''p'' is expressible as the sum of two squares. Technology * The micrometer is developed. * A form of bayonet is invented; in later years it will gradually replace the pike. * The reticle telescope is developed and initiates the birth of sharpshooting. Births * April 1 – Ge ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chemist
A chemist (from Greek ''chÄ“m(Ãa)'' alchemy; replacing ''chymist'' from Medieval Latin ''alchemist'') is a scientist trained in the study of chemistry. Chemists study the composition of matter and its properties. Chemists carefully describe the properties they study in terms of quantities, with detail on the level of molecules and their component atoms. Chemists carefully measure substance proportions, chemical reaction rates, and other chemical properties. In Commonwealth English, pharmacists are often called chemists. Chemists use their knowledge to learn the composition and properties of unfamiliar substances, as well as to reproduce and synthesize large quantities of useful naturally occurring substances and create new artificial substances and useful processes. Chemists may specialize in any number of subdisciplines of chemistry. Materials scientists and metallurgists share much of the same education and skills with chemists. The work of chemists is often related to the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
English People
The English people are an ethnic group and nation native to England, who speak the English language in England, English language, a West Germanic languages, West Germanic language, and share a common history and culture. The English identity is of History of Anglo-Saxon England, Anglo-Saxon origin, when they were known in Old English as the ('race or tribe of the Angles'). Their ethnonym is derived from the Angles, one of the Germanic peoples who migrated to Great Britain around the 5th century AD. The English largely descend from two main historical population groups the West Germanic tribes (the Angles, Saxons, Jutes and Frisians) who settled in southern Britain following the withdrawal of the Ancient Rome, Romans, and the Romano-British culture, partially Romanised Celtic Britons already living there.Martiniano, R., Caffell, A., Holst, M. et al. Genomic signals of migration and continuity in Britain before the Anglo-Saxons. Nat Commun 7, 10326 (2016). https://doi.org/10 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Robert Plot
Robert Plot (13 December 1640 – 30 April 1696) was an English naturalist, first Professor of Chemistry at the University of Oxford, and the first keeper of the Ashmolean Museum. Early life and education Born in Borden, Kent to parents Robert Plot and Elisabeth Patenden, and baptised on 13 December 1640, Plot was educated at the Wye Free School in Kent. He entered Magdalen Hall, Oxford in 1658 where he graduated with a BA in 1661 and an MA in 1664. Plot subsequently taught and served as dean and vice principal at Magdalen Hall while preparing for his BCL and DCL, which he received in 1671 before moving to University College in 1676.A. J. Turner, 'Plot, Robert (bap. 1640, d. 1696)', Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 200accessed 4 June 2013/ref>Plot, Robert." Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography. Vol. 11. Detroit: Charles Scribner's Sons, 2008. 40–41. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 4 June 2013. Natural history and chemistry By ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
