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Bár-Kalán (genus)
Bár-Kalán was an aristocratic kindred in the Kingdom of Hungary. The states that Ondone of the seven chieftains of the Magyars during their conquest of the Carpathian Basinwas the clan's forefather. The first documented estates of the clan were located in Baranya and Esztergom Counties. Notable members *Kalán Bár-Kalán, bishop of Pécs (d. 1218) *Bánk Bár-Kalán, palatine of Hungary (d. after 1222) *Pousa Bár-Kalán, judge royal The judge royal, also justiciar,Rady 2000, p. 49. chief justiceSegeš 2002, p. 202. or Lord Chief JusticeFallenbüchl 1988, p. 145. (german: Oberster Landesrichter,Fallenbüchl 1988, p. 72. hu, országbíró,Zsoldos 2011, p. 26. sk, krajinsk ... (d. after 1222) References Sources * * {{Refend Bár-Kalán (genus) Hungarian noble families ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kingdom Of Hungary
The Kingdom of Hungary was a monarchy in Central Europe that existed for nearly a millennium, from the Middle Ages into the 20th century. The Principality of Hungary emerged as a Christian kingdom upon the coronation of the first king Stephen I at Esztergom around the year 1000;Kristó Gyula – Barta János – Gergely Jenő: Magyarország története előidőktől 2000-ig (History of Hungary from the prehistory to 2000), Pannonica Kiadó, Budapest, 2002, , p. 687, pp. 37, pp. 113 ("Magyarország a 12. század második felére jelentős európai tényezővé, középhatalommá vált."/"By the 12th century Hungary became an important European factor, became a middle power.", "A Nyugat részévé vált Magyarország.../Hungary became part of the West"), pp. 616–644 his family (the Árpád dynasty) led the monarchy for 300 years. By the 12th century, the kingdom became a European middle power within the Western world. Due to the Ottoman occupation of the central and south ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gesta Hungarorum
''Gesta Hungarorum'', or ''The Deeds of the Hungarians'', is the earliest book about Hungarian history which has survived for posterity. Its genre is not chronicle, but ''gesta'', meaning "deeds" or "acts", which is a medieval entertaining literature. It was written in Latin by an unidentified author who has traditionally been called Anonymus in scholarly works. According to most historians, the work was completed between around 1200 and 1230. The ''Gesta'' exists in a sole manuscript from the second part of the 13th century, which was for centuries held in Vienna. It is part of the collection of Széchényi National Library in Budapest. The principal subject of the ''Gesta'' is the Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin at the turn of the 9th and 10th centuries, and it writes of the origin of the Hungarians, identifying the Hungarians' ancestors with the ancient Scythians. Many of its sources—including the Bible, Isidore of Seville's ''Etymologiae'', the 7th-century ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Seven Chieftains Of The Magyars
The Seven chieftains of the Magyars (or Hungarians) were the leaders of the seven tribes of the Hungarians at the time of their arrival in the Carpathian Basin in AD 895. Constantine VII, emperor of the Byzantine Empire names the seven tribes in his '' De Administrando Imperio'', a list that can be verified with names of Hungarian settlements. The names of the chieftains, however, are not precisely known, as the chronicles include contradictory lists, some of which have been found to be false. Chieftains Constantine VII does not give the names of the chieftains of the Hungarian tribes, but describes some aspects of the leadership. According to Anonymus A Hungarian chronicler known as Anonymus, author of ''Gesta Hungarorum'', names the seven chieftains as: * Álmos, father of Árpád * Előd, father of Szabolcs * ''Ond'', father of Ete * ''Kend'' (''Kond'', ''Kund''), father of Korcán (Kurszán) and Kaplon * ''Tas'', father of Lél (Lehel) * ''Huba'' * ''Tétény'' (''Tö ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hungarian Conquest Of The Carpathian Basin
The Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin, also known as the Hungarian conquest or the Hungarian land-taking (), was a series of historical events ending with the settlement of the Hungarians in Central Europe in the late 9th and early 10th century. Before the arrival of the Hungarians, three early medieval powers, the First Bulgarian Empire, East Francia, and Moravia, had fought each other for control of the Carpathian Basin. They occasionally hired Hungarian horsemen as soldiers. Therefore, the Hungarians who dwelt on the Pontic steppes east of the Carpathian Mountains were familiar with their future homeland when their conquest started. Archaeogenetic studies confirmed the Asian origin of the conquerors. The Hungarian conquest started in the context of a "late or 'small' migration of peoples". Contemporary sources attest that the Hungarians crossed the Carpathian Mountains following a joint attack by the Pechenegs and Bulgarians in 894 or 895. They first took control ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Baranya County (former)
Baranya ( hu, Baranya, hr, Baranja, sr, Барања / ''Baranja'', ger, Branau) was an administrative county (comitatus) of the Kingdom of Hungary. Its territory is now divided between present-day Baranya County of Hungary and Osijek-Baranja County of Croatia. The capital of the county was Pécs. Geography Baranya county was located in Baranya region. It shared borders with the Hungarian counties Somogy, Tolna, Bács-Bodrog and Verőce (the latter county was part of Croatia-Slavonia). The county stretched along the rivers Drava (north bank) and Danube (west bank), up to their confluence. Its area was 5,176 km2 around 1910. Historical background Baranya county arose as one of the first counties of the Kingdom of Hungary, in the 11th century. Stephen I of Hungary founded an episcopal seat here. In the 15th century, Janus Pannonius was the Bishop of Pécs. In the 16th century, the Ottoman Empire conquered Baranya, and included it into the sanjak of Mohács, an Otto ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kalán Bár-Kalán
Kalán from the kindred Bár-Kalán ( hu, Bár-Kalán nembeli Kalán, la, Calanus Coelius or ''Juvencius Coelius''; died late 1218) was a prelate and royal official in the Kingdom of Hungary at the turn of the 12th and 13th centuries. He was bishop of Pécs from 1186 until his death in 1218, and ban of Croatia and Dalmatia between 1193 and 1194, thus he was the first prelate in the kingdom to parallelly held a secular office. Kalán's relationship with the monarch was tense in the reign of King Emeric who accused the bishop of incest but could never prove it. Although a part of the canons of Esztergom elected Kalán as archbishop in 1204, his election was not confirmed by the Holy See. Kalán died when planning to go on a crusade to the Holy Land. Life Kalán was born into a prominent family of the Kingdom of Hungary between around 1150 and 1155. The ancestral possessions of his family, the Bár-Kalán kindred were located around Bár in Baranya County, and around Esztergom. Al ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bishop Of Pécs
A bishop is an ordained clergy member who is entrusted with a position of Episcopal polity, authority and oversight in a religious institution. In Christianity, bishops are normally responsible for the governance of dioceses. The role or office of bishop is called episcopacy. Organizationally, several Christian denominations utilize ecclesiastical structures that call for the position of bishops, while other denominations have dispensed with this office, seeing it as a symbol of power. Bishops have also exercised political authority. Traditionally, bishops claim apostolic succession, a direct historical lineage dating back to the original Twelve Apostles or Saint Paul. The bishops are by doctrine understood as those who possess the full Priest#Christianity, priesthood given by Jesus in Christianity, Jesus Christ, and therefore may ordain other clergy, including other bishops. A person ordained as a deacon, priest (i.e. presbyter), and then bishop is understood to hold the fulln ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bánk Bár-Kalán
Bánk of the Bár-Kalán clan ( hu, Bárkalán nembéli Bánk; died after 1222) was an influential nobleman in the Kingdom of Hungary in the first decades of the 13th century. He was Palatine of Hungary between 1212 and 1213, Judge royal from 1221 till 1222, and Ban of Slavonia between 1208 and 1209 and in 1217. He was also ''ispán'' of at least eight counties in the first decades of the 13th century. According to later tradition, Queen Gertrude of Merania's brother raped Bánk's wife, which caused her assassination in 1213. He is the subject of the play ''Bánk bán'' by József Katona, and of the opera of the same name by Ferenc Erkel. Family According to the 14th-century ''Illuminated Chronicle'' and Henry of Mügeln's ''Ungarnchronik'', Bánk (''Banc'' or ''Banco'') was born into the ''gens'' (clan) Bár-Kalán. His parentage is unknown. The Bár-Kaláns belonged to the ancient Hungarian clans. They considered Ond, one of the seven chieftains, who led the Hungarians into ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Palatine Of Hungary
The Palatine of Hungary ( hu, nádor or , german: Landespalatin, la, palatinus regni Hungariae) was the highest-ranking office in the Kingdom of Hungary from the beginning of the 11th century to 1848. Initially, Palatines were representatives of the King of Hungary, monarchs, later (from 1723) the vice-regent (viceroy). In the early centuries of the kingdom, they were appointed by the king, and later (from 1608) were elected by the Diet (assembly), Diet of the Kingdom of Hungary. A Palatine's jurisdiction included only Hungary proper, in the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia, Kingdom of Croatia until 1918 the Ban of Croatia, ban held similar function as the highest office in the Kingdom (after the king himself), monarch's representative, commander of the royal army and viceroy (after the Croatia in union with Hungary, union of Croatia, Slavonia and Dalmatia with Hungary in 1102). Title The earliest recorded Medieval Latin form of the title was ''comes palatii'' ("count of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pousa Bár-Kalán
Pousa from the kindred Bár-Kalán ( hu, Bár-Kalán nembeli Pósa; died between 1222 and 1255) was a Hungarian noble, who served as Judge royal for a short time in 1222, during the reign of Andrew II of Hungary. He belonged to the Sáp branch of the ''gens'' Bár-Kalán as the son of Nana I. Possibly he had two brothers, Peter and Gregory. Pousa married first to Elizabeth from the Győr kindred, a daughter of Palatine Pat Győr. They had a son, Nana II (who married a daughter of Palatine Mojs I), and two daughters, including Lucia, who married Vejte II, the son of Vejte I Csanád.Engel: ''Genealógia'' (Genus Bár-Kalán, Sáp branch) Pousa's second wife was an unidentified daughter of Héder II Héder. Their marriage produced a son, Walter. Historian Mór Wertner identified him a certain Pousa, who served as Ban of Slavonia in 1216. Soon he was replaced by his distant relative Bánk Bár-Kalán. As formerly he was a loyal supporter of King Emeric, his baronial league came to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Judge Royal
The judge royal, also justiciar,Rady 2000, p. 49. chief justiceSegeš 2002, p. 202. or Lord Chief JusticeFallenbüchl 1988, p. 145. (german: Oberster Landesrichter,Fallenbüchl 1988, p. 72. hu, országbíró,Zsoldos 2011, p. 26. sk, krajinský sudca or dvorský sudca, la, curialis comes or iudex curiae regiae), was the second-highest judge, preceded only by the palatine, in the Kingdom of Hungary between around 1127 and 1884. After 1884, the judge royal was only a symbolic function, but it was only in 1918 — with the end of Habsburgs in the Kingdom of Hungary (the kingdom continued formally until 1946) — that the function ceased officially. There remain significant problems in the translation of the title of this officer. In Latin, the title translates as 'Judge of the Royal Court', which lacks specificity. In Hungarian, he is 'Judge of the Country', with 'country' in this sense meaning 'political community', being thus broadly analogous to the German 'Land'. English has ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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