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Business Logic Layer
In computer software, business logic or domain logic is the part of the program that encodes the real-world business rules that determine how data can be created, stored, and changed. It is contrasted with the remainder of the software that might be concerned with lower-level details of managing a database or displaying the user interface, system infrastructure, or generally connecting various parts of the program. Details and example Business logic: * Prescribes how business objects interact with one another * Enforces the routes and the methods by which business objects are accessed and updated Business rules: * Model real-life business objects (such as accounts, loans, itineraries, and inventories) Business logic comprises: * Workflows that are the ordered tasks of passing documents or data from one participant (a person or a software system) to another. Business logic should be distinguished from business rules. Business logic is the portion of an enterprise system which d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Software
Software consists of computer programs that instruct the Execution (computing), execution of a computer. Software also includes design documents and specifications. The history of software is closely tied to the development of digital computers in the mid-20th century. Early programs were written in the machine language specific to the hardware. The introduction of high-level programming languages in 1958 allowed for more human-readable instructions, making software development easier and more portable across different computer architectures. Software in a programming language is run through a compiler or Interpreter (computing), interpreter to execution (computing), execute on the architecture's hardware. Over time, software has become complex, owing to developments in Computer network, networking, operating systems, and databases. Software can generally be categorized into two main types: # operating systems, which manage hardware resources and provide services for applicat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Application Layer
An application layer is an abstraction layer that specifies the shared communication protocols and interface methods used by hosts in a communications network. An ''application layer'' abstraction is specified in both the Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP) and the OSI model. Although both models use the same term for their respective highest-level layer, the detailed definitions and purposes are different. Internet protocol suite In the Internet protocol suite, the application layer contains the communications protocols and interface methods used in process-to-process communications across an Internet Protocol (IP) computer network. The application layer only standardizes communication and depends upon the underlying transport layer protocols to establish host-to-host data transfer channels and manage the data exchange in a client–server or peer-to-peer networking model. Though the TCP/IP application layer does not describe specific rules or data formats that applications m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
JavaServer Pages
Jakarta Server Pages (JSP; formerly JavaServer Pages) is a collection of technologies that helps software developers create dynamically generated web pages based on HTML, XML, SOAP, or other document types. Released in 1999 by Sun Microsystems, JSP is similar to PHP and ASP, but uses the Java programming language. To deploy and run Jakarta Server Pages, a compatible web server with a servlet container, such as Apache Tomcat or Jetty, is required. Overview Architecturally, JSP may be viewed as a high-level abstraction of Jakarta Servlets. JSPs are translated into servlets at runtime, therefore JSP is a Servlet; each JSP servlet is cached and re-used until the original JSP is modified. Jakarta Server Pages can be used independently or as the view component of a server-side model–view–controller design, normally with JavaBeans as the model and Java servlets (or a framework such as Apache Struts) as the controller. This is a type of Model 2 architecture. JSP allows Ja ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Java Servlet
A Jakarta Servlet, formerly Java Servlet is a Java (programming language), Java software component that extends the capabilities of a server (computing), server. Although servlets can respond to many types of requests, they most commonly implement web containers for hosting web applications on web servers and thus qualify as a server-side servlet web API. Such web servlets are the Java (software platform), Java counterpart to other dynamic web page, dynamic web content technologies such as PHP and ASP.NET. Introduction A Jakarta Servlet is a Java class in Jakarta EE that conforms to the Jakarta Servlet API, a standard for implementing Java classes that respond to requests. Servlets could in principle communicate over any client–server model, client–server protocol, but they are most often used with Hypertext Transfer Protocol, HTTP. In principle, any servlets can extend the class; however, realistically speaking, all servlets extend the class. Thus "servlet" is often u ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Façade Pattern
The facade pattern (also spelled ''façade'') is a software design pattern commonly used in object-oriented programming. Analogous to a façade in architecture, it is an object that serves as a front-facing interface masking more complex underlying or structural code. A facade can: * improve the readability and usability of a software library by masking interaction with more complex components behind a single (and often simplified) application programming interface (API) * provide a context-specific interface to more generic functionality (complete with context-specific input validation) * serve as a launching point for a broader refactor of monolithic or tightly-coupled systems in favor of more loosely-coupled code Developers often use the facade design pattern when a system is very complex or difficult to understand because the system has many interdependent classes or because its source code is unavailable. This pattern hides the complexities of the larger system and provides a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Model–view–controller
Model–view–controller (MVC) is a software architectural pattern commonly used for developing user interfaces that divides the related program logic into three interconnected elements. These elements are: * the model, the internal representations of information * the view, the interface that presents information to and accepts it from the user * the controller, the software linking the two. Traditionally used for desktop graphical user interfaces (GUIs), this pattern became popular for designing web applications. Popular programming languages have MVC frameworks that facilitate the implementation of the pattern. __TOC__ History One of the seminal insights in the early development of graphical user interfaces, MVC became one of the first approaches to describe and implement software constructs in terms of their responsibilities. Trygve Reenskaug created MVC while working on Smalltalk-79 as a visiting scientist at the Xerox Palo Alto Research Center (PARC) in the late 1970 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Business Process Modeling
Business process modeling (BPM) is the action of capturing and representing business processes, processes of an enterprise (i.e. modeling them), so that the current business processes may be analyzed, applied securely and consistently, improved, and automated. BPM is typically performed by business analysts, with subject matter experts collaborating with these teams to accurately model processes. It is primarily used in business process management, software development, or systems engineering. Alternatively, process models can be directly modeled from IT systems, such as event logs. Overview According to the Association of Business Process Management Professionals (ABPMP), business process modeling is one of the five key disciplines within business process management, Business Process Management (BPM).Association of Business Process Management Professionals ABPMP (publisher): ''Guide to the Business Process Management common body of knowledge - BPM CBOK®'' in the translated ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Relocating Logic
In computer programming, a self-relocating program is a program that relocates its own address-dependent instructions and data when run, and is therefore capable of being loaded into memory at any address. In many cases, self-relocating code is also a form of self-modifying code. Overview Self-relocation is similar to the relocation process employed by the linker-loader when a program is copied from external storage into main memory; the difference is that it is the loaded program itself rather than the loader in the operating system or shell that performs the relocation. One form of self-relocation occurs when a program copies the code of its instructions from one sequence of locations to another sequence of locations within the main memory of a single computer, and then transfers processor control from the instructions found at the source locations of memory to the instructions found at the destination locations of memory. As such, the data operated upon by the algorithm of t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Drakon-chart
DRAKON () is a free and open source algorithmic visual programming and modeling language developed as part of the defunct Soviet Union Buran space program in 1986 following the need in increase of software development productivity. The visual language provides a uniform way to represent processes in flowcharts. There are various implementation of the language specification that may be used to draw and export actual flowcharts. Notable examples include free and open source DRAKON Editor (September 2011). History The development of DRAKON started in 1986 to address the emerging risk of misunderstandings - and subsequent errors - between users of different programming languages in the Russian space program. Its development was directed by Vladimir Parondzhanov with the participation of the Russian Federal Space Agency (Academician Pilyugin Center, Moscow) and Russian Academy of Sciences (Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics). The language was constructed by formaliza ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Domain Model
In software engineering, a domain model is a conceptual model of the domain (software engineering), domain that incorporates both behavior and data.Fowler, Martin. "P of EAA - Domain Model"/ref> In ontology engineering, a domain model is a Knowledge representation and reasoning, formal representation of a knowledge domain with concepts, roles, datatypes, individuals, and rules, typically grounded in a description logic. Overview In the field of computer science a conceptual model aims to express the meaning of terms and concepts used by domain experts to discuss the problem, and to find the correct relationships between different concepts. The conceptual model is explicitly chosen to be independent of design or implementation concerns, for example, concurrency or data storage. Conceptual modeling in computer science should not be confused with other modeling disciplines within the broader field of conceptual models such as data modelling, logical modelling and physical modellin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Magic Pushbutton
The magic pushbutton is a common anti-pattern in graphical user interfaces. At its core, the anti-pattern consists of a system partitioned into two parts: user interface and business logic, that are coupled through a ''single'' point, clicking the "magic pushbutton" or submitting a form of data. As it is a single point interface, this interface becomes over-complicated to implement. The temporal coupling of these units is a major problem: every interaction in the user interface must happen ''before'' the pushbutton is pressed, business logic can only be applied ''after'' the button was pressed. Cohesion of each unit also tends to be poor: features are bundled together whether they warrant this or not, simply because there is no other structured place in which to put them. Drawbacks For users To a user, a magic pushbutton system appears clumsy and frustrating to use. Business logic is unavailable before the button press, so the user interface appears as a bland form-filling e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
User Interface Management Systems
A User Interface Management System (UIMS) is a mechanism for cleanly separating process or business logic from Graphical user interface (GUI) code in a computer program. UIMS are designed to support N-tier architectures by strictly defining and enforcing the boundary between the business logic and the GUI. A fairly rigid Software architecture is nearly always implied by the UIMS, and most often only one paradigm of separation is supported in a single UIMS. A UIMS may also have libraries and systems such as graphical tools for the creation of user interface resources or data stores. Generally, you cannot easily use multiple UIMS systems at the same time, so choosing the correct model for your UIMS is a critical design decision in any project. The choice of system is dependent upon the system(s) you wish to create user interfaces for, and the general style of your application. For example, if you want to create a web based front end, or just a standalone application or both that wou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
