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Bulgarian Fascists
The extent of fascism in Bulgaria is contentious. Many authors state that it never became a mass movement, remaining marginal there, and proved considerably less successful than in the neighboring Balkan states. Bulgaria's fascists were not only weak, divided and lacking clear ideology, but their worldview differed significantly from that of Italian Fascism and German Nazism. Thus a consensus has been reached between Bulgarian and international experts that Bulgaria's agrarian society and its monarchic system were the barriers before the fascist practices and establishment of fascist regime in the country, while Bulgaria's political system preserved a relative pluralism. An alternative opinion is that some Bulgarian organizations with considerable membership, activity, and social presence had fully developed fascist ideology by the late 1930s, but they neither came to power, nor participated in the government of the country. In fact, fascist organizations did not take power withi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bogdan Filov And Mussolini, 1941
Bogdan or Bohdan (Cyrillic: Богдан) is a Slavic masculine name that appears in all Slavic countries as well as Romania and Moldova. It is derived from the Slavic words ''Bog/Boh'' (Cyrillic: Бог), meaning " god", and ''dan'' (Cyrillic: дан), meaning "given". The name appears to be an early calque from Greek Theodore (Theodotus, Theodosius) with the same meaning. The name is also used as a surname. Variations The sound change of 'g' into 'h' occurred in the Ukrainian, Belarusian, Czech and Slovak languages (hence ''Bohdan''). Although this sound change did not occur in the Polish language, either Bogdan or Bohdan may be used in Poland. Slavic variants include Bulgarian and Serbo-Croatian Božidar (Божидар) and Polish Bożydar, while diminutive forms and nicknames include Boguś, Bodya, Boca, Boci, Boća, Boša, Bogi. The feminine form is Bogdana or Bohdana, with variants such as ''Bogdanka''. Names with similar meanings are Greek Theodore, Arabic Ataul ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Union Of Bulgarian National Legions
The Union of Bulgarian National Legions (UBNL) ( bg, Съюз на Българските Национални Легиони (СБНЛ); ''Sayuz na Balgarskite Natsionalni Legioni'' (''SBNL'')), until 1935 the Union of the National Youth Legions (UNYL); Съюз на Младежките Национални Легиони (СМНЛ)''; Sayuz na Mladezhkite Natsionalni Legioni'' (''SMNL''), was an ultranationalist, pro-fascist, pro-Nazi, and right extremist organization in Bulgaria, which was active between 1932 and 1944. The organization had ideology, close to fascism, including creation of a totalitarian one-party regime, ban of market economy and total control by the state over the economy and the society, anti-Semitism and hostility towards foreigners, anti-communism, etc. It demonstrated similarity to the Italian fascism and German Nazism, from which it "borrows" ideas, symbols, slogans. It was initially founded as Union of the National Youth Legions, which gained popular ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brannik
Brannik (Bulgarian: Бранник; Defenders - English translation) was a Bulgarian pro-fascist youth organization during World War II. The "Brannik" organization was founded on the initiative of the then prime minister prof. Bogdan Filov at the XXV National Youth Meeting on December 29, 1940. It was modeled on the Nazi Hitler Youth. Her motto was: "Boris, Bulgaria, God!" (Bulgarian: „Борис, България, Бог!“) The armbands worn on uniforms and on the banners had the letter "B" on them. The organization was closely related with the Bulgarian authorities and Tsar Boris III personally. Organizationally, it was divided into 3 structures: for children from 10 to 14 years, for the younger part of the youth from 14 to 16 years and for older youths from 16 to 21 years. The youth were concentrated in teams (boys) and wreaths (girls), and above were the chetas (40-50 people). From April 1941, i.e. the liberation of parts of the territory of Yugoslavia by the Bulgarian a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alexander I Of Yugoslavia
Alexander I ( sr-Cyrl, Александар I Карађорђевић, Aleksandar I Karađorđević, ) ( – 9 October 1934), also known as Alexander the Unifier, was the prince regent of the Kingdom of Serbia from 1914 and later the King of Yugoslavia from 1921 to 1934 (prior to 1929 the state was known as the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes). He was assassinated by the Bulgarian Vlado Chernozemski of the Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization, during a 1934 state visit to France. Having sat on the throne for 13 years, he is the longest-reigning monarch of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. Early life Alexander Karađorđević was born on 16 December 1888 in the Principality of Montenegro as the fourth child (second son) of Peter Karađorđević (son of Prince Alexander of Serbia who thirty years earlier in 1858 was forced to abdicate and surrender power in Serbia to the rival House of Obrenović) and Princess Zorka of Montenegro (eldest daughter of Prince Nicholas of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
6 January Dictatorship
The 6 January Dictatorship ( sr-cyr, Шестојануарска диктатура, Šestojanuarska diktatura; hr, Šestosiječanjska diktatura; sl, Šestojanuarska diktatura) was a royal dictatorship established in the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (Kingdom of Yugoslavia after 1929) by King Alexander I (r. 1921–34) with the ultimate goal to create a Yugoslav ideology and a single Yugoslav nation. It lasted from 6 January 1929, when the king prorogued parliament and assumed control of the state, and ended with the 1931 Yugoslav Constitution. History In 1928, Croatian Peasant Party leader Stjepan Radić was assassinated in the Parliament of Yugoslavia by a Montenegrin Serb leader and People's Radical Party politician Puniša Račić, during a tense argument. On 6 January 1929, using as a pretext the political crisis triggered by the shooting, King Alexander abolished the Vidovdan Constitution, prorogued the Parliament and assumed dictatorial powers. He appointed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Absolute Monarchy
Absolute monarchy (or Absolutism as a doctrine) is a form of monarchy in which the monarch rules in their own right or power. In an absolute monarchy, the king or queen is by no means limited and has absolute power, though a limited constitution may exist in some countries. These are often hereditary monarchies. On the other hand, in constitutional monarchies, in which the authority of the head of state is also bound or restricted by the constitution, a legislature, or unwritten customs, the king or queen is not the only one to decide, and their entourage also exercises power, mainly the prime minister. Absolute monarchy in Europe declined substantially following the French Revolution and World War I, both of which led to the popularization of theories of government based on the notion of popular sovereignty. Absolute monarchies include Brunei, Eswatini, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Vatican City, and the individual emirates composing the United Arab Emirates, which itself is a fe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tsar Boris
Boris I, also known as Boris-Mihail (Michael) and ''Bogoris'' ( cu, Борисъ А҃ / Борисъ-Михаилъ bg, Борис I / Борис-Михаил; died 2 May 907), was the ruler of the First Bulgarian Empire in 852–889. At the time of his baptism in 864, Boris was named Michael after his godfather, Emperor Michael III. The historian Steven Runciman called him one of the greatest persons in history. Despite a number of military setbacks, the reign of Boris I was marked with significant events that shaped Bulgarian and European history. With the Christianization of Bulgaria in 864 paganism (i.e. Tengrism) was abolished. A skillful diplomat, Boris I successfully exploited the conflict between the Patriarchate of Constantinople and the Papacy to secure an autocephalous Bulgarian Church, thus dealing with the nobility's concerns about Byzantine interference in Bulgaria's internal affairs. When in 885 the disciples of Saints Cyril and Methodius were banishe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bulgarian National Socialist Workers Party
The National Socialist Bulgarian Workers Party ( bg, Национал-Социалистическа Българска Работническа Партия) was a Nazi party based in the Kingdom of Bulgaria. It was one of a number of anti-Semitic groups to emerge in Bulgaria after the rise of Adolf Hitler in Germany, with other notable groups including the Union of Bulgarian National Legions and Ratniks. The party was established by Doctor Hristo Kunchev in 1932, who had studied medicine in Berlin.Rupert Butler, ''Hitler's Jackals'', Leo Cooper, 1998, p. 44 The party sought to copy the Nazi Party by adopting the National Socialist Program, the swastika and other symbols of the German party. Unlike some of its competitors on the far right like the Union of Bulgarian National Legions and the Ratniks, it was not a very influential group and had a relatively small membership with only a hundred people active in its core. The party published a newspaper called ' ('Attack', a name s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zveno
Zveno ( bg, Звено, lit=link), ''Politicheski krŭg "Zveno"'', officially Political Circle "Zveno" was a Bulgarian political organization, founded in 1930 by Bulgarian politicians, intellectuals and Bulgarian Army officers. It was associated with a newspaper of that name. As a palingenetic nationalist movement, ''Zveno'' advocated for rationalization of Bulgaria's economic and political institutions under a dictatorship that would be independent from both the Soviet Union and the Axis powers. They strongly opposed the Bulgarian party system, which they saw as dysfunctional, and the terror of the Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization (IMRO), the Bulgarian Macedonian liberation movement. ''Zveno'' was also closely linked to the so-called Military League, the organization behind a coup in 1923, responsible for killing Prime Minister Aleksandar Stamboliyski. In 1934, pro-''Zveno'' officers like Colonel Damyan Velchev and Colonel Kimon Georgiev seized power. Georgie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1934 Bulgarian Coup D'état
The Bulgarian coup d'état of 1934, also known as the 19 May coup d'état ( bg, Деветнадесетомайски преврат, ''Devetnadesetomayski prevrat''), was a ''coup d'état'' in the Kingdom of Bulgaria carried out by the ''Zveno'' military organization and the Military Union with the aid of the Bulgarian Army. It overthrew the government of the wide Popular Bloc coalition and replaced it with one under Kimon Georgiev. History The Popular Bloc, which had held power since 1931, consisted of the Democratic Party, Bulgarian Agrarian National Union (BANU) " Vrabcha 1", the National Liberal Party and the Radical Democratic Party. Although it did not abolish the restrictive laws introduced by the former government of the Democratic Accord and it did not change the way the police functioned, it was met with hostility from right-wing forces such as the Military Union (led by Damyan Velchev), Zveno and Aleksandar Tsankov's National Social Movement, of which the most a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Asen Kantardzhiev
Asen may refer to: Places * Asen (state), a polity involved in late 17th-century wars in modern Ghana * Asen, Stara Zagora Province, a village in Pavel Banya Municipality, Bulgaria Other * Asen dynasty, a dynasty which ruled the Second Bulgarian Empire between 1187 and 1280 * Asen (vodun), metal objects that attract the spirits of the dead associated with West African Vodun (voodoo) * Asen, Asena or Ashina, the ruling dynasty of the ancient Turks in mid 6th century * "Asen", an archaic unit of measurement (also aasen, aces), used to value tulips, during the tulip mania * Jaime Asensio de la Fuente (b. 1978), Spanish footballer known as Asen * , a training ship of the Bulgarian navy; see List of Bulgarian military equipment of World War II Acronym * Association for the Study of Ethnicity and Nationalism * Australian Student Environment Network See also * Åsen (other) * Aasen (other) * Assen (other) Assen is a municipality and a city in the Netherland ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hristo Lukov
Hristo Nikolov Lukov ( bg, Христо Николов Луков; 6 January 1887 in Varna – 13 February 1943 in Sofia) was a Bulgarian lieutenant-general, politician, and Minister of War, who led the nationalistic Union of Bulgarian National Legions (UBNL), an organisation largely supportive of Nazi ideology. Lukov was assassinated in 1943 by two members of the Bulgarian resistance movement, Violeta Yakova and Ivan Burudzhiev. Military and political career First World War Hristo Nikolov Lukov was promoted during World War I to the rank of a major and a commander of an artillery battalion. Abroad he is incorrectly thought to be the commander of the 13th Infantry division during World War I. In fact, that was major-general Hristo Tsonev Lukov, a native of Gabrovo. Interwar period During the interwar period Hristo Nikolov Lukov became the commander of the Army School of Artillery, of the Training Section of the General Staff's Artillery Inspection, and of the 2nd and 3rd In ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
