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Bugulina Turbinata
''Bugulina turbinata'' is a species of bryozoan belonging to the family Bugulidae. It is found in shallow water in the northeastern Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea. Description ''Bugulina turbinata'' is a colonial bryozoan that forms small bushy clumps, up to in height. These are orange or pale brown, and are attached to a hard substrate by an extension of the rhizoids at the base. Each frond has branchlets growing out in a spiral arrangement, each with two rows, widening to three to four rows, of zooids. The individual zooids are rectangular, about , with a short spine at each upper corner. The lophophore consists of thirteen tentacles and the avicularia is rounded and projects like a bird's head with a hooked beak, just below the spines. The conspicuous brood chambers are globular, and during the summer, yellow embryos can be seen developing inside. Ecology Developing embryos of ''Bugulina turbinata'' are retained within a brood chamber, and the larvae are only free ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Joshua Alder
Joshua Alder (7 April 1792 – 21 January 1867) was a British cheese, cheesemonger and amateur zoologist and malacologist. As such, he specialized in the Tunicata, and in gastropods. He was a member of the Hancock Museum, Natural History Society of Northumberland and Durham, and an early member of the Literary and Philosophical Society of Newcastle upon Tyne, alongside Joseph Swan and Robert Stephenson. He corresponded with Charles Darwin. His drawings are in the collections of the Great North Museum: Hancock and the British Museum. Ravensworth Terrace From 1841 to 1857 Alder was a tenant at 5 Ravensworth Terrace in the Summerhill area of Newcastle upon Tyne, which he shared with his sister Mary, a woman of independent means, and their two female servants. During this time, he ran a cheese shop in The Side, Newcastle upon Tyne, The Side, a street in central Newcastle. He sold that business and became a shareholder in the Northumberland District Bank, and a gentleman of leis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bryozoa
Bryozoa (also known as the Polyzoa, Ectoprocta or commonly as moss animals) are a phylum of simple, aquatic invertebrate animals, nearly all living in sedentary colonies. Typically about long, they have a special feeding structure called a lophophore, a "crown" of tentacles used for filter feeding. Most marine bryozoans live in tropical waters, but a few are found in oceanic trenches and polar waters. The bryozoans are classified as the marine bryozoans (Stenolaemata), freshwater bryozoans (Phylactolaemata), and mostly-marine bryozoans (Gymnolaemata), a few members of which prefer brackish water. 5,869living species are known. At least two genera are solitary (''Aethozooides'' and ''Monobryozoon''); the rest are colonial. The terms Polyzoa and Bryozoa were introduced in 1830 and 1831, respectively. Soon after it was named, another group of animals was discovered whose filtering mechanism looked similar, so it was included in Bryozoa until 1869, when the two groups were no ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bugulidae
Bugulidae is a family of bryozoans belonging to the order Cheilostomatida. Genera The World Register of Marine Species lists the following genera:- *'' Beanodendria'' d'Hondt & Gordon, 1996 *'' Bicellariella'' Levinsen, 1909 *'' Bicellarina'' Levinsen, 1909 *'' Brettiella'' Gordon, 1984 *''Bugula'' Oken, 1815 *'' Bugularia'' Levinsen, 1909 *'' Bugulella'' Verrill, 1879 *'' Bugulina'' Gray, 1848 *'' Bugulopsis'' Verrill, 1880 *'' Calyptozoum'' Harmer, 1926 *'' Camptoplites'' Harmer, 1923 *'' Carolanna'' Gordon, 2021 *'' Caulibugula'' Verrill, 1900 *'' Cornucopina'' Levinsen, 1909 *'' Corynoporella'' Hincks, 1888 *'' Crisularia'' Gray, 1848 *'' Cuneiforma'' d'Hondt & Schopf, 1985 *'' Dendrobeania'' Levinsen, 1909 *'' Dimetopia'' Busk, 1852 *'' Falsibugulella'' Liu, 1984 *'' Farciminellopsis'' Silén, 1941 *''Halophila ''Halophila'' is a genus of seagrasses in the family ''Hydrocharitaceae'', the tape-grasses. It was described as a genus in 1806. The number of its contained spec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Substrate (biology)
In biology, a substrate is the surface on which an organism (such as a plant, fungus, or animal) lives. A substrate can include biotic or abiotic materials and animals. For example, encrusting algae that lives on a rock (its substrate) can be itself a substrate for an animal that lives on top of the algae. Inert substrates are used as growing support materials in the hydroponic cultivation of plants. In biology substrates are often activated by the nanoscopic process of substrate presentation. In agriculture and horticulture * Cellulose substrate * Expanded clay aggregate (LECA) * Rock wool * Potting soil * Soil In animal biotechnology Requirements for animal cell and tissue culture Requirements for animal cell and tissue culture are the same as described for plant cell, tissue and organ culture (In Vitro Culture Techniques: The Biotechnological Principles). Desirable requirements are (i) air conditioning of a room, (ii) hot room with temperature recorder, (iii) microscope r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rhizoid
Rhizoids are protuberances that extend from the lower epidermal cells of bryophytes and algae. They are similar in structure and function to the root hairs of vascular land plants. Similar structures are formed by some fungi. Rhizoids may be unicellular or multicellular. Evolutionary development Plants originated in aquatic environments and gradually migrated to land during their long course of evolution. In water or near it, plants could absorb water from their surroundings, with no need for any special absorbing organ or tissue. Additionally, in the primitive states of plant development, tissue differentiation and division of labor was minimal, thus specialized water absorbing tissue was not required. The development of specialized tissues to absorb water efficiently and anchor themselves to the ground enabled the spread of plants to the land. Description Rhizoids absorb water mainly by capillary action, in which water moves up between threads of rhizoids and not through ea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zooid
A zooid or zoöid is a single animal that is part of a colonial animal. This lifestyle has been adopted by animals from separate unrelated taxa. Zooids are multicellular; their structure is similar to that of other solitary animals. The zooids can either be directly connected by tissue (e.g. corals, Catenulida, Siphonophorae, Pyrosome or Ectoprocta) or share a common exoskeleton (e.g. Bryozoa or Pterobranchia). The colonial organism as a whole is called a ''zoon'' , plural ''zoa'' (from Ancient Greek meaning animal; plural , ). Zooids can exhibit polymorphism. For instance, extant bryozoans may have zooids adapted for different functions, such as feeding, anchoring the colony to the substratum and for brooding embryos. However, fossil bryozoans are only known by the colony structures that the zooids formed during life. There are correlations between the size of some zooids and temperature. Variations in zooid size within colonies of fossils can be used as an indicator of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lophophore
The lophophore () is a characteristic feeding organ possessed by four major groups of animals: the Brachiopoda, Bryozoa, Hyolitha, and Phoronida, which collectively constitute the protostome group Lophophorata.Introduction to the Lophotrochozoa – Retrieved 3 May 2010 All lophophores are found in aquatic organisms. Etymology ''Lophophore'' is derived from the Greek ''lophos'' (crest, tuft) and ''-phore'', ''-phoros'' (φορος) (bearing), a derivative of ''phérein'' (φέρειν) (to bear); thus crest-bearing.Characteristics The lophophore can most easily be described as a ring of ted tentacles surrounding the mouth, but it is often horseshoe-shape ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Avicularia
''Avicularia'' is a genus of the family Theraphosidae containing various species of arboreal tarantulas. The genus is native to Panama, the Caribbean and tropical South America. Each species in the genus has very distinguishable pink foot pads. Species belonging to this genus are amongst the relatively small exception of tarantulas that can jump moderate distances as juveniles, with most tarantulas being limited to lunges of 3-4 centimeters. Urticating hairs are distinct to new world tarantulas including the Avicularia that are attached to the spider's cuticle ''via'' a stalk. These spiny, barbed hairs are used as a defense against potential intruders as well as embedded into silk to protect the egg sac. In active defense, the hairs are released by contact with the stimulus and rubbed in. At least three species of Avicularia are threatened by habitat loss and illegal trafficking, due to their popularity as exotic pets. '' Avicularia avicularia'' are among the tarantulas most ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bicellariella Ciliata
''Bicellariella ciliata'' is a species of bryozoan belonging to the family Bugulidae. It is found in shallow water on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean, the Mediterranean Sea and the Indo-Pacific region. Description ''Bicellariella ciliata'' is a colonial bryozoan and has an upright, branched habit, and forms small white, feathery clumps up to in height. The colony is fixed to the substrate by a narrow flexible base. The zooids grow on branches, facing alternately to left and right, and appearing as regular black spots to the naked eye. Each feeding zooid has a cone-shaped tube leading to a bean-shaped chamber; the lophophore has four to six long curved tentacles. Some zooids have a toothed "beak" which is used for defensive purposes. '' Bugulina flabellata'', ''Crisularia plumosa'' and ''Bugulina turbinata'' are other bryozoans of very similar morphology with which ''Bicellariella ciliata'' may be confused. ''Bicellariella ciliata'' can form a bryozoan "turf" with these three. D ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bugulina Flabellata
''Bugulina flabellata'' is a species of bryozoan belonging to the family Bugulidae. It is found in shallow water in the northeastern Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea. Description ''Bugulina flabellata'' is a colonial bryozoan forming small clumps up to high with a characteristic cone or fan-shape. The fronds have up to eight dichotomous branches with square tips. Each zooid bears two or three short spines. Colonies are dark buff when living and greyish when dried up. Distribution and habitat ''Bugulina flabellata'' has a wide distribution in shallow temperate waters in the northeastern Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea and the Mediterranean Sea. It has also been recorded off the coasts of Brazil, Mauritius and Australia. It grows on rock surfaces or the undersides of boulders, on stones and on shells, at depths down to about . Ecology Colonies of bryozoans grow by budding from a single zooid known as an ancestrula. ''Bugulina flabellata'' overwinters as a dormant holdfast o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Littoral Zone
The littoral zone or nearshore is the part of a sea, lake, or river that is close to the shore. In coastal ecology, the littoral zone includes the intertidal zone extending from the high water mark (which is rarely inundated), to coastal areas that are permanently submerged — known as the ''foreshore'' — and the terms are often used interchangeably. However, the geographical meaning of ''littoral zone'' extends well beyond the intertidal zone to include all neritic waters within the bounds of continental shelves. Etymology The word ''littoral'' may be used both as a noun and as an adjective. It derives from the Latin noun ''litus, litoris'', meaning "shore". (The doubled ''t'' is a late-medieval innovation, and the word is sometimes seen in the more classical-looking spelling ''litoral''.) Description The term has no single definition. What is regarded as the full extent of the littoral zone, and the way the littoral zone is divided into subregions, varies in different c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Corynactis Viridis
''Corynactis viridis'', the jewel anemone, is a brightly coloured anthozoan similar in body form to a sea anemone or a scleractinian coral polyp, but in the order Corallimorpharia. It is found in the northeastern Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea The Mediterranean Sea is a sea connected to the Atlantic Ocean, surrounded by the Mediterranean Basin and almost completely enclosed by land: on the north by Western and Southern Europe and Anatolia, on the south by North Africa, and on the ... and was first described by the Irish naturalist George Allman in 1846. Description The column of this species is smooth and roughly cylindrical, being slightly wider at the base and oral disc than in the centre. The base can grow to a diameter of about and is often ragged in outline; this is because the animal divides by longitudinal fission, and sometimes the two new individuals remain partially united. The individuals are usually found in dense aggregations, but each anima ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
