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Bríatharogam
In Early Irish literature a ''Bríatharogam'' ("word ogham", plural ''Bríatharogaim'') is a two word kenning which explains the meanings of the names of the letters of the Ogham alphabet. Three variant lists of ''bríatharogaim'' or 'word-oghams' have been preserved, dating to the Old Irish period. They are as follows: *''Bríatharogam Morainn mac Moín'' *''Bríatharogam Maic ind Óc'' *''Bríatharogam Con Culainn'' The first two of these are attested from all three surviving copies of the ''Ogam Tract'', while the "Cú Chulainn" version is not in the Book of Ballymote and only known from 16th- and 17th-century manuscripts. The '' Auraicept na n-Éces'' or 'Scholars' Primer' reports and interprets the ''Bríatharogam Morainn mac Moín''. Later Medieval scholars believed that all of the letter names were those of trees, and attempted to explain the ''bríatharogaim'' in that light. However, modern scholarship has shown that only eight at most of the letter names are those of tr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eamhancholl (letter)
The ''forfeda'' (sing. ''forfid'') are the "additional" letters of the Ogham alphabet, beyond the basic inventory of twenty signs. Their name derives from ''fid'' ("wood", a term also used for Ogham letters) and the prefix ''for-'' ("additional"). The most important of these are five ''forfeda'' which were arranged in their own ''aicme'' or class, and were invented in the Old Irish period, several centuries after the peak of Ogham usage. They appear to have represented sounds felt to be missing from the original alphabet, maybe ''é(o)'', ''ó(i)'', ''ú(i)'', ''p'' and ''ch''. The ''aicme'' forfeda The five ''aicme'' forfeda are glossed in the manuscripts ''Auraicept na n-Éces'' ('The Scholars' Primer), ''De dúilib feda'' ('Elements of the Letters') and ''In Lebor Ogaim'' ('The Book of Ogam'), by several ''Bríatharogam, Bríatharogaim'' ("word oghams" ), or two word kennings, which explain the meanings of the names of the letters of the Ogham alphabet. Three variant lists of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Uilleann (letter)
The ''forfeda'' (sing. ''forfid'') are the "additional" letters of the Ogham alphabet, beyond the basic inventory of twenty signs. Their name derives from ''fid'' ("wood", a term also used for Ogham letters) and the prefix ''for-'' ("additional"). The most important of these are five ''forfeda'' which were arranged in their own ''aicme'' or class, and were invented in the Old Irish period, several centuries after the peak of Ogham usage. They appear to have represented sounds felt to be missing from the original alphabet, maybe ''é(o)'', ''ó(i)'', ''ú(i)'', ''p'' and ''ch''. The ''aicme'' forfeda The five ''aicme'' forfeda are glossed in the manuscripts '' Auraicept na n-Éces'' ('The Scholars' Primer), '' De dúilib feda'' ('Elements of the Letters') and ''In Lebor Ogaim'' ('The Book of Ogam'), by several '' Bríatharogaim'' ("word oghams" ), or two word kennings, which explain the meanings of the names of the letters of the Ogham alphabet. Three variant lists of ''bríatharo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ór (letter)
The ''forfeda'' (sing. ''forfid'') are the "additional" letters of the Ogham alphabet, beyond the basic inventory of twenty signs. Their name derives from ''fid'' ("wood", a term also used for Ogham letters) and the prefix ''for-'' ("additional"). The most important of these are five ''forfeda'' which were arranged in their own ''aicme'' or class, and were invented in the Old Irish period, several centuries after the peak of Ogham usage. They appear to have represented sounds felt to be missing from the original alphabet, maybe ''é(o)'', ''ó(i)'', ''ú(i)'', ''p'' and ''ch''. The ''aicme'' forfeda The five ''aicme'' forfeda are glossed in the manuscripts '' Auraicept na n-Éces'' ('The Scholars' Primer), '' De dúilib feda'' ('Elements of the Letters') and ''In Lebor Ogaim'' ('The Book of Ogam'), by several '' Bríatharogaim'' ("word oghams" ), or two word kennings, which explain the meanings of the names of the letters of the Ogham alphabet. Three variant lists of ''bríatharo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Éabhadh (letter)
The ''forfeda'' (sing. ''forfid'') are the "additional" letters of the Ogham alphabet, beyond the basic inventory of twenty signs. Their name derives from ''fid'' ("wood", a term also used for Ogham letters) and the prefix ''for-'' ("additional"). The most important of these are five ''forfeda'' which were arranged in their own ''aicme'' or class, and were invented in the Old Irish period, several centuries after the peak of Ogham usage. They appear to have represented sounds felt to be missing from the original alphabet, maybe ''é(o)'', ''ó(i)'', ''ú(i)'', ''p'' and ''ch''. The ''aicme'' forfeda The five ''aicme'' forfeda are glossed in the manuscripts '' Auraicept na n-Éces'' ('The Scholars' Primer), '' De dúilib feda'' ('Elements of the Letters') and ''In Lebor Ogaim'' ('The Book of Ogam'), by several '' Bríatharogaim'' ("word oghams" ), or two word kennings, which explain the meanings of the names of the letters of the Ogham alphabet. Three variant lists of ''bríatharo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ailm (letter)
Ailm is the Irish name of the sixteenth letter of the Ogham alphabet, ᚐ. Its phonetic value is The original meaning of the name cannot be established with certainty. The Bríatharogam kennings all refer to the sound and not to the meaning of the letter name, either as the sound of a "groan", or to the Irish vocative particle, ''á''. Thurneysen suggests that ''Ailm'', ''Beithe'' was influenced by ''Alpha, Beta.'' However, ''beithe'' is an Irish word, and there is no reason to consider ''ailm'' a sole, loaned letter name among the original feda; Thurneysen did not suggest this letter name involved such a borrowing. The word is attested once outside of the Ogham grammatical texts, in the poem "King Henry and the Hermit", :' which translates to :Beautiful are the pines which make music for me. This single reference is the reason ''ailm'' is sometimes associated with pines. However, the poem likely post-dates origins of the medieval tradition of arboreal glosses of the ogham let ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Muin (letter)
Muin () is the eleventh letter of the Ogham alphabet. Its phonetic value is Bríatharogam In the medieval kennings, called '' Bríatharogaim'' or ''Word Ogham'' the verses associated with ''Muin'' are: * ''tressam fedmae'' - "strongest in exertion" in the ''Bríatharogam'' ''Morann mic Moín'' * ''árusc n-airlig'' - "proverb of slaughter" in the ''Bríatharogam'' ''Mac ind Óc'' * ''conar gotha'' - "path of the voice" in the ''Bríatharogam'' ''Con'' ''Culainn''. The ''Bríatharogam'' kennings reflect the fact the Old Irish ''muin'' has three homonyms meaning "neck, upper part of the back", "wile, ruse, trick", and "love, esteem". Which of these gave the letter its name is not known for certain, but is thought to be "neck". This is related to the archaic Welsh ''mwn'' ("neck") and Latin Latin (, or , ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally a dialect spoken in the lower Tiber area (then known a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Luis (letter)
Luis (ᚂ) is the second letter (Irish "letter": sing.''fid'', pl.''feda'') of the Ogham alphabet, derived either from ''luise'' "flame" or from ''lus'' "herb". Its Proto-Indo-European root was either *''leuk-'' 'to shine' or *''leudh-'' 'to grow'. Its phonetic value is If the letter name follows the same pattern as ''ruise'' to ''ruis'', it is likely that the letter was originally named from ''luise'', though different kennings point to both meanings. Interpretation Although the non-arboreal primary meanings of this letter name are well established, one of the arboreal glosses for this name in the '' Auraicept na n-Éces'' is ''cairtheand'' "mountain-ash", i.e. "rowan" (Modern Irish ''caorthann''). The associated verse is : ''lí súla'' "lustre of eye" (from the ''Bríatharogam Morann mic Moín''). The Auraincept interprets this as "delightful to the eye is ''luis'', i.e. rowan, owing to the beauty of its berries". However, the other two primary ''Bríatharogaim'' do not e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Úr (letter)
Úr is the Irish name of the eighteenth letter of the Ogham alphabet, ᚒ, meaning "clay", "earth", "soil" and also "fresh" or "moist". In Old Irish, the letter name was also written Úir. Its phonetic value is or : Bríatharogam In the medieval kennings A kenning ( Icelandic: ) is a figure of speech in the type of circumlocution, a compound that employs figurative language in place of a more concrete single-word noun. Kennings are strongly associated with Old Norse-Icelandic and Old English p ..., called '' Bríatharogaim'' or ''Word Ogham'' the verses associated with ''úr'' are: ''úaraib adbaib'' - "in cold dwellings" in the ''Bríatharogam'' ''Morann mic Moín'' ''sílad cland'' - "propagation of plants" in the ''Bríatharogam'' ''Mac ind Óc'' ''forbbaid ambí'' - "shroud of a lifeless one" in the ''Bríatharogam'' ''Con'' ''Culainn''. References Ogham letters {{Writingsystem-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gort (letter)
Gort is the Irish name of the twelfth letter of the Ogham alphabet, ᚌ, meaning "field", which is related to Welsh ''garth'' 'garden' and Latin ''hortus''. Its Proto-Indo-European root was *''gher-, *ghort-'' 'to enclose, enclosure'. Its phonetic value is Bríatharogam In the medieval kennings A kenning ( Icelandic: ) is a figure of speech in the type of circumlocution, a compound that employs figurative language in place of a more concrete single-word noun. Kennings are strongly associated with Old Norse-Icelandic and Old English p ..., called '' Bríatharogaim'' or ''Word Ogham'' the verses associated with ''gort'' are: ''milsiu féraib'' - "sweetest grass" in the ''Bríatharogam'' ''Morann mic Moín'' ''ined erc'' - "suitable place for cows" in the ''Bríatharogam'' ''Mac ind Óc'' ''sásad ile'' - "sating of multitudes" in the ''Bríatharogam'' ''Con'' ''Culainn''. References Ogham letters {{Writingsystem-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coll (letter)
Coll is the Irish name of the ninth letter of the Ogham alphabet ᚉ, meaning " hazel-tree", which is related to Welsh ''collen'' pl. ''cyll'', and Latin ''corulus''. Its Proto-Indo-European root was *''kos(e)lo-''. Its phonetic value is Bríatharogam In the medieval kennings, called ''Bríatharogam In Early Irish literature a ''Bríatharogam'' ("word ogham", plural ''Bríatharogaim'') is a two word kenning which explains the meanings of the names of the letters of the Ogham alphabet. Three variant lists of ''bríatharogaim'' or 'word-oghams' ...'' or ''Word Ogham'' the verses associated with ''Coll'' are: ''caíniu fedaib'' - "fairest tree" in the ''Bríatharogam'' ''Morann mic Moín'' ''carae blóesc'' - "friend of nutshells" in the ''Bríatharogam'' ''Mac ind Óc'' ''milsem fedo'' - "sweetest tree" in the ''Bríatharogam'' ''Con'' ''Culainn''. References Ogham letters {{Writingsystem-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nion (letter)
Nion (ᚅ) is the Irish name of the fifth letter (Irish "letter": sing.''fid'', pl.''feda'') of the Ogham alphabet, with phonetic value The Old Irish letter name, Nin, may derive from Old Irish homonyms ''nin/ninach'' meaning "fork/forked" and "loft/lofty". ''Nin'' is notable for being the old name that refers both to this specific letter, and to any of the Ogham letters in general. "Nin" is also an Irish word used for a grandma. Interpretation The glossators of the Ogam Tract and the Auraicept na n-Éces seem to refer to at least two Irish words ''nin'', meaning "part of a weaver's loom", and "a wave". The corresponding adjective ''ninach'' is glossed as ''gablach'' and used as a synonym of cross, and the word seems to be roughly synonymous with ''gabul'' "fork, forked branch", and is thus a plausible base for a name for "Ogham letters", which (at least the consonants), look like forks or combs. The second ''nin'' seems to be cognate with Welsh ''nen'' "roof, heaven", w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sail (letter)
Sail or Saille (ᚄ) is the Irish name of the fourth letter (Irish "letter": sing.''fid'', pl.''feda'') of the Ogham alphabet, meaning "willow". The name is related to Welsh ''helyg(en)'' and Latin ''salix''. Its Proto-Indo-European root was *''sal-'' meaning "dirty,grey". Its phonetic value is Interpretation The etymology and kennings unambiguously confirm the meaning "willow" for this letter name. The ''Morann mic Moín'' kenning is a reference to the sallow grey appearance of the bark of this tree, while the kennings referencing bees and honey are due to its being commonly pollinated by bees. Bríatharogaim In the medieval kennings, called '' Bríatharogaim'' (sing. ''Bríatharogam'') or ''Word Oghams'' the verses associated with ''sail'' are: ''lí ambi'': "pallor of a lifeless one" in the ''Bríatharogam Morann mic Moín'' ''lúth bech'': "sustenance of bees" in the ''Bríatharogam Mac ind Óc'' ''tosach mela'': "beginning of honey" in the ''Bríatharogam Con Culainn''. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |