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Brown V. Board Of Commissioners Of The City Of Chattanooga
''Brown v. The Board of Commissioners of the City of Chattanooga'', 722 F. Supp. 380 (E.D. Tenn. 1989), was the restructuring of the election process of Chattanooga, Tennessee, Chattanooga's Board of Commissioners due to its unconstitutionality as it contradicted Section 2 of the Federal Voting Rights Act of 1965. Filed by twelve citizens in November 1987 under the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Tennessee, Southern Division, the case provided for a more equally distributed representation of the citizens, particularly the city's minority groups, of Chattanooga, TN. Background After the Civil War, blacks were capable of being included in city government and politics. They made up a substantial number of representatives in the fire department, education departments, and police departments. For example, in 1881, seven blacks out of a twelve-member force served as Chattanooga's policemen. Out of fear and anger for the black political control in Chattanooga, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
United States District Court For The Eastern District Of Tennessee
The United States District Court for the Eastern District of Tennessee (in case citations, E.D. Tenn.) is the federal court in the Sixth Circuit whose jurisdiction covers most of East Tennessee and a portion of Middle Tennessee. The court has jurisdiction over 41 counties with 4 divisions. Based in Knoxville, Tennessee, it maintains branch facilities in Chattanooga, Tennessee; Greeneville, Tennessee; and Winchester, Tennessee. * The Southern Division, based in Chattanooga, Tennessee, serves Bledsoe County, Tennessee, Bledsoe, Bradley County, Tennessee, Bradley, Hamilton County, Tennessee, Hamilton, Marion County, Tennessee, Marion, McMinn County, Tennessee, McMinn, Meigs County, Tennessee, Meigs, Polk County, Tennessee, Polk, Rhea County, Tennessee, Rhea and Sequatchie County, Tennessee, Sequatchie counties. * The Northeastern Division, based in Greeneville, Tennessee, serves Carter County, Tennessee, Carter, Cocke County, Tennessee, Cocke, Greene County, Tennessee, Greene, Hamble ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Robert Allan Edgar
Robert Allan Edgar (born 1940) is an inactive Senior United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Tennessee. Education and career Born in Munising, Michigan, Edgar received a Bachelor of Arts degree from Davidson College in 1962 and a Bachelor of Laws from Duke University School of Law in 1965. He was in the United States Army from 1965 to 1967 and became a captain.Hon. Robert Allan Edgar: Chief U.S. District Judge, Eastern District of Tennessee ''The Federal Lawyer'', October 2005, page 14. While in the army, he served in intelligence and security services in during the |
Chattanooga, Tennessee
Chattanooga ( ) is a city in and the county seat of Hamilton County, Tennessee, United States. Located along the Tennessee River bordering Georgia, it also extends into Marion County on its western end. With a population of 181,099 in 2020, it is Tennessee's fourth-largest city and one of the two principal cities of East Tennessee, along with Knoxville. It anchors the Chattanooga metropolitan area, Tennessee's fourth-largest metropolitan statistical area, as well as a larger three-state area that includes Southeast Tennessee, Northwest Georgia, and Northeast Alabama. Chattanooga was a crucial city during the American Civil War, due to the multiple railroads that converge there. After the war, the railroads allowed for the city to grow into one of the Southeastern United States' largest heavy industrial hubs. Today, major industry that drives the economy includes automotive, advanced manufacturing, food and beverage production, healthcare, insurance, tourism, and back office ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Voting Rights Act
The suffrage, Voting Rights Act of 1965 is a landmark piece of Federal government of the United States, federal legislation in the United States that prohibits racial discrimination in voting. It was signed into law by President of the United States, President Lyndon B. Johnson during the height of the civil rights movement on August 6, 1965, and United States Congress, Congress later amended the Act five times to expand its protections. Designed to enforce the Voting rights in the United States, voting rights guaranteed by the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, Fifteenth Amendments to the United States Constitution, the Act sought to secure the right to vote for Race and ethnicity in the United States, racial minorities throughout the country, especially in the Southern United States, South. According to the United States Department of Justice, U.S. Department of Justice, the Act is consi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lorenzo Kom'boa Ervin
Lorenzo Kom'boa Ervin (born 1947) is an American writer, activist, and black anarchist. He is a former member of the Black Panther Party and Concerned Citizens for Justice. He was born in Chattanooga, Tennessee, and has lived in Memphis, Tennessee, since 2010. Youth and early activism When he was 12, Ervin joined the NAACP youth group and participated in the sit-in protests that helped end racial segregation in Chattanooga. He was drafted during the Vietnam War and served in the army for two years, where he became an anti-war activist. In 1967 he joined the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee and, a short time later, the Black Panther Party. Hijacking and incarceration In February 1969, Ervin hijacked a plane to Cuba to evade prosecution for allegedly trying to kill a Ku Klux Klan leader. While in Cuba, and then Czechoslovakia, Ervin became disillusioned with state socialism. After the US government was unable to obtain his extradition, Ervin was turned over to US ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ACLU
The American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) is a nonprofit organization founded in 1920 "to defend and preserve the individual rights and liberties guaranteed to every person in this country by the Constitution and laws of the United States". The ACLU works through litigation and lobbying, and has over 1,800,000 members as of July 2018, with an annual budget of over $300 million. Affiliates of the ACLU are active in all 50 states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico. The ACLU provides legal assistance in cases where it considers civil liberties to be at risk. Legal support from the ACLU can take the form of direct legal representation or preparation of ''amicus curiae'' briefs expressing legal arguments when another law firm is already providing representation. In addition to representing persons and organizations in lawsuits, the ACLU lobbies for policy positions that have been established by its board of directors. Current positions of the ACLU include opposing the death ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Atlanta
Atlanta ( ) is the capital and most populous city of the U.S. state of Georgia. It is the seat of Fulton County, the most populous county in Georgia, but its territory falls in both Fulton and DeKalb counties. With a population of 498,715 living within the city limits, it is the eighth most populous city in the Southeast and 38th most populous city in the United States according to the 2020 U.S. census. It is the core of the much larger Atlanta metropolitan area, which is home to more than 6.1 million people, making it the eighth-largest metropolitan area in the United States. Situated among the foothills of the Appalachian Mountains at an elevation of just over above sea level, it features unique topography that includes rolling hills, lush greenery, and the most dense urban tree coverage of any major city in the United States. Atlanta was originally founded as the terminus of a major state-sponsored railroad, but it soon became the convergence point among several rai ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tommie Brown
Tommie Florence Brown (born 1934) is a former representative of Chattanooga to the Tennessee state legislature from 1992 through 2012 and a member of the Democratic Party. Brown was born in 1934 at Rome, Georgia, the first of 3 children of Mary Louise and Phillip Brown Sr, and grew up in Chattanooga. Brown earned her BA from Dillard University in New Orleans, Louisiana, MSW from Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri, and DSW and PhD in Social Work from Columbia University, New York, New York. Brown worked as a child welfare case manager, supervisor and regional field director for training for the Tennessee Department of Welfare, and taught Social Work Research at the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga from 1971 – 1998, including the position of University of Chattanooga Foundation Associate Professor of Social Work. Brown was the lead plaintiff of 12 in ''Brown v. Board of Commissioners of the City of Chattanooga'', which the plaintiffs won in 1989, against the sys ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lorenzo Ervin
Lorenzo Kom'boa Ervin (born 1947) is an American writer, activist, and black anarchist. He is a former member of the Black Panther Party and Concerned Citizens for Justice. He was born in Chattanooga, Tennessee, and has lived in Memphis, Tennessee, since 2010. Youth and early activism When he was 12, Ervin joined the NAACP youth group and participated in the sit-in protests that helped end racial segregation in Chattanooga. He was Conscription, drafted during the Vietnam War and served in the United States Army, army for two years, where he became an Opposition to the Vietnam War, anti-war activist. In 1967 he joined the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee and, a short time later, the Black Panther Party. Hijacking and incarceration In February 1969, Ervin Aircraft hijacking, hijacked a plane to Cuba to evade prosecution for allegedly trying to kill a Ku Klux Klan leader. While in Cuba, and then Czechoslovakia, Ervin became disillusioned with state socialism. After the US ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ron Littlefield
Ronald C. Littlefield (born 1946) is an American politician and the former mayor of Chattanooga, Tennessee. He was elected via a run-off election in 2005 after a long term as a city councilman. He was reelected in 2009. He is the former executive director Executive director is commonly the title of the chief executive officer of a non-profit organization, government agency or international organization. The title is widely used in North American and European not-for-profit organizations, though ... of Chattanooga Venture. Career Littlefield began his professional career as a city planner with the Tennessee State Planning Commission in 1970 working with suburban cities and counties around Chattanooga. His early efforts led to the adoption of Tennessee "Scenic Routes" legislation in 1971 and to some of the first environmental regulations and controls limiting signs and billboards. In the early 1970s, he worked for Research Triangle Institute under a contract with the then new ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mayor–council Government
The mayor–council government system is a system of local government that has a mayor who is directly elected by the voters serve as chief executive, and a separately elected legislative city council. It is one of the two most common forms of local government in the United States, and is also used in Brazil,According to the Chapter IV oBrazilian Constitution of 1988 Canada, Italy, Israel, New Zealand, Poland and Turkey. It is the one most frequently adopted in large cities, although the other form, council–manager government, is the local government form of more municipalities. The form may be categorized into two main variations depending on the relative power of the mayor compared to the council. In a typical ''strong-mayor'' system, the elected mayor is granted almost total administrative authority with the power to appoint and dismiss department heads. In such a system, the mayor's administrative staff prepares the city budget, although that budget usually must be approved b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1989 In United States Case Law
File:1989 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The Cypress Street Viaduct, Cypress structure collapses as a result of the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, killing motorists below; The proposal document for the World Wide Web is submitted; The Exxon Valdez oil tanker runs aground in Prince William Sound, Alaska, causing a large Exxon Valdez oil spill, oil spill; The Fall of the Berlin Wall begins the downfall of Communism in Eastern Europe, and heralds German reunification; The United States United States invasion of Panama, invades Panama to depose Manuel Noriega; The Singing Revolution led to the independence of the Baltic states of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania from the Soviet Union; The stands of Hillsborough Stadium in Sheffield, Yorkshire, where the Hillsborough disaster occurred; 1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre, Students demonstrate in Tiananmen Square, Beijing; many are killed by forces of the Chinese Communist Party., 300x300px, thumb rect 0 0 200 200 1989 Loma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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