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Breiz Da Zont
Breiz da Zont (Brittany of the Future), was a Breton nationalist periodical active during the 1930s. It was affiliated to an extremist offshoot of the Breton Autonomist Party. Initially, Breiz da Zont was the organ of the nationalist grouping known as ''Parti nationaliste intégral breton'' (Breton Integral Nationalist Party: PNIB) led by Théophile Jeusset. Morvan Lebesque participated in the drafting committee, and also edited the journal at the request of Jeusset, who was forced to give up for health reasons. The poet Gwilherm Berthou and the composer Paul Ladmirault were members. Antisemitism In its early phase the journal was strongly linked to antisemitic and fascist ideology. In an article published in July 1931, Théophile Jeusset wrote: It is due to our particular resistance to the conquest of sovereign French territory by the corrupting ideas which emanate more or less from the Jews - 'freemasonry', 'secularism' - etc, that the Bretons were decimated during the last ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Breton Nationalist
Breton nationalism (Breton: ''roadelouriezh Brezhoneg'', French: ''nationalisme Breton'') is a form of regional nationalism associated with the region of Brittany in France. The political aspirations of Breton nationalists include the desire to obtain the right to self-rule, whether within France or independently of it, and to acquire more power in the European Union, United Nations and other international institutions. Breton nationalism emerged in various forms over time, which nationalists consider to fall into phases known as "renovations" (''emsav''). The First ''Emsav'' was the birth of the modern Breton movement before 1914; the Second ''Emsav'' covers the period 1914-1945; and the Third ''Emsav'' for the postwar movements. Breton nationalism has an important cultural component which has long focused on the status of Breton and Gallo languages against perceived French linguistic imperialism. Breton nationalists have also been interested in the region's Celtic culture, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Breton Autonomist Party
The Breton Autonomist Party (french: Parti Autonomiste Breton or PAB, br, Strollad Emrenerien Vreiz) was a political party which existed in Brittany from 1927 to 1931. Origin The party was created at the first congress of the nationalist journal '' Breiz Atao'' in Rosporden on September 1927. It followed from establishment of the Unvaniez Yaouankiz Vreiz (UYV: Union of Breton Youth). The steering committee comprised Olier Mordrel, Morvan Marchal and Maurice Duhamel. At Quimper, following the congress, representatives of Brittany, Alsace-Lorraine and Corsica signed the founding charter of Central Committee of the National Minorities of France. The guests were the Alsatian separatists, Paul Schall and Hermann Bickler, the Corsican separatist Petru Rocca, the Flemish Franz Wielders, and, more discreetly, Hans-Otto Wagner, the German representative who established links between the Breton movement and the Abwehr. Federalism Maurice Duhamel became editor of '' Breiz Atao'' and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Théophile Jeusset
Théophile Jeusset (25 April 1910 – 14 May 1968) was a Breton nationalist writer and fascist political activist. He is also known by his Breton language pseudonym Jean-Yves Keraudren. Born in Rennes, Jeusset adopted militant Breton nationalism from his youth. Initially associated with the Breton Autonomist Party, Jeusset broke away from it to form the fascistic Breiz da Zont movement and its political wing, the ''Parti nationaliste intégral breton'' (Breton Integral Nationalist Party: PNIB). The party was, however, tiny. Jeusset later joined with fellow nationalist extremists Gwilherm Berthou and Célestin Lainé to found ''Kentoc'h Mervel'' (Sooner Death), a group dedicated to direct action. Lainé, however, insisted that a more tightly organized group was necessary, going on to create the terrorist cell '' Gwenn ha du''. After ''Gwenn ha du'' performed its first violent act, blowing up a sculpture, Jeusset was one of six nationalist militants who were arrested and detained. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Morvan Lebesque
Morvan Lebesque (January 11, 1911 in Nantes, France – 4 July 1970 in Brazil), was the Breton language name of Maurice Lebesque, a Breton nationalist activist and French journalist. Lebesque was born in Nantes, at the Quai Barbin (now dock Barbusse), and had his secondary education in Clemenceau High School. In 1930, he was editor-in-chief at the Loire Echo. Responsible for the Nantes branch of the Breton Autonomist Party (Parti Autonomiste Breton), Lebesque left the latter in 1931 and founded, with Théophile Jeusset, the more extremist movement Breiz da Zont, and its political wing, the ''Parti Nationaliste Breton Intégral''. During the German occupation of France in World War II, he worked for the collaborationist newspaper ''L'Heure Bretonne'', then for various journals in Paris, where he met and befriended Jean-Paul Sartre and Simone de Beauvoir. In 1952, Lebesque joined the satirical journal Le Canard Enchaîné, for which he wrote a popular column, modelling his style on ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gwilherm Berthou
Gwilherm Berthou (10 May 1908, Paimpol – 14 March 1951, Rennes) was a Breton nationalist and neo-Druidic bardic poet. He was a member of the Breton artistic movement Seiz Breur. Terrorism Berthou was born in Paimpol, Côtes-d'Armor. He trained as a chemical engineer, then worked full-time as a pharmacist at Guipavas. In 1929 he suggested to fellow chemist and Breton nationalist Célestin Lainé that a militant group dedicated to direct action against the French state and its symbols should be formed. This was to be called ''Kentoc'h Mervel'' (Rather Death). As Lainé sought his own recruits, Berthou brought the staff of the nationalist journal Breiz da Zont to join ''en masse''. When Lainé discovered this he distanced himself from Berthou, believing that a public journal could not create an effective support for a secret organization, as it would be too easily infiltrated. Lainé went on to form the terrorist faction '' Gwenn ha du''. Lainé later wrote "I don't know what became ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paul Ladmirault
Paul Émile Ladmirault (8 December 1877 – 30 October 1944) was a French language, French composer and Music criticism, music critic whose music expressed his devotion to Brittany. Claude Debussy wrote that his work possessed a "fine dreamy musicality", commenting on its characteristically hesitant character by suggesting that it sounded as if it was "afraid of expressing itself too much". Florent Schmitt said of him: "Of all the musicians of his generation, he was perhaps the most talented, most original, but also the most modest". Peter Warlock dedicated his Capriol Suite to him and Swan Hennessy his Trio, Op. 54. Life Ladmirault was born in Nantes. A child prodigy, he learned piano, organ (music), organ and violin from an early age. At the age of eight, he composed a sonata for violin and piano. At the age of fifteen, when still a student of the Nantes Secondary school, High School, he wrote a three-act opera ''Gilles de Retz''. It was first performed on 18 May 1893. He was a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John I, Duke Of Brittany
John I ( br, Yann, french: Jean; c. 1217/12188 October 1286), known as John the Red due to the colour of his beard, was Duke of Brittany from 1221 to his death and 2nd Earl of Richmond in 1268. John was the eldest of three children born to Duchess Alix and her husband and ''jure uxoris'' co-ruler, Duke Peter I. He became duke upon his mother's death in 1221. His father, who had reigned as duke due to his marriage to Alix, ruled as regent until John reached adulthood. In 1268, Henry III granted the earldom of Richmond to John, and the title continued in his family, through frequent temporary forfeitures and reversions, until 1342. He experienced a number of conflicts with the Bishop of Nantes and the Breton clergy. In 1240, he issued an edict expelling Jews from the duchy and cancelling all debts to them. He joined Louis IX of France in the Eighth Crusade in 1270, and survived the plague that killed the king. The duchy of Brittany experienced a century of peace, beginning with Jo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Célestin Lainé
Célestin Lainé (1908–1983) was a Breton nationalist and collaborator during the Second World War who led the SS affiliated Bezen Perrot militia. His Breton language name is Neven Hénaff. He was a chemical engineer by training. After the war he moved to Ireland. Breton nationalism He was born in 1908 in Nantes and was brought up in Ploudalmézeau, Finistère. He later entered the École Centrale. He became closely linked to Guillaume Berthou, a fellow chemist and Breton separatist. Contrary to myth, he denied any involvement with the secret society ''Kentoc'h Mervel'' (Sooner Death), formed by Berthou in 1929, though Berthou had approached him to join. Instead, in 1930 he set up with Hervé Helloco the paramilitary organisation, Gwenn ha du ('white and black'). It was named after the colours of the flag of Brittany, designed by Morvan Marchal in 1925. Lainé published an article summarizing its creed under the title ''Nos deux bases, Irlande et Prusse'' (Our two mo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gwenn Ha Du (terrorism)
Gwenn ha Du (Breton for "white and black") was a paramilitary group founded at the end of 1930 in Paris by Célestin Lainé. It advocated Breton nationalism through "direct action" and published a secret manual aimed at instructing readers in terrorism. The phrase "Gwenn ha du" is the nickname for the Breton flag, which is in these colours. History Statue bombing In July 1932, Gwenn ha Du decided to destroy a monument it found particularly offensive: a statue created by Jean Boucher marking the union of Brittany and France in 1532. Its unveiling some twenty years earlier triggered the first protest by Breton Nationalists. Célestin Lainé made a bomb in his bedroom, consisting of a condensed milk carton filled with nitroglycerine. In the early hours of August 7, he set the bomb behind the head of the King of France's statue in the facade opposite the mayor's office. At 4:00 a.m., the bomb detonated, shattering the bronze statue and all glass within 100 metres. On August 7, the gr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Breton Social-National Workers' Movement
The Breton Social-National Workers' Movement (french: Mouvement Ouvrier Social-National Breton) was a nationalist, separatist, and Fascist movement founded in 1941 by Théophile Jeusset. It emerged in Brittany from a deviationist faction of the Breton National Party; it disappeared the same year. Its 25-point program was based on the principle of a "''popular Breton state made for the people and by the people''", integrated into a new European order, rejecting "'' Gaullism, the last redoubt of the Breton bourgeoisie''" and resting on "''the peasant class, the most numerous in Brittany''", asserting "''bread for Bretons, peace within Europe and freedom for Brittany''", taking as given that it could count "''not on England, nor France, nor Germany to acquire it''", but only "''through the power and confidence that one finds in the Breton people''". Having adopted for a flag a standard (designed by Olier Mordrel several years before) closely resembling a Nazi flag — black e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Breton Nationalism
Breton nationalism (Breton language, Breton: ''roadelouriezh Brezhoneg'', French language, French: ''nationalisme Breton'') is a form of Territorial nationalism, regional nationalism associated with the region of Brittany in France. The political aspirations of Breton nationalists include the desire to obtain the right to self-rule, whether within France or independently of it, and to acquire more power in the European Union, United Nations and other international institutions. Breton nationalism emerged in various forms over time, which nationalists consider to fall into phases known as "renovations" (''emsav''). The First ''Emsav'' was the birth of the modern Breton movement before 1914; the Second ''Emsav'' covers the period 1914-1945; and the Third ''Emsav'' for the postwar movements. Breton nationalism has an important cultural component which has long focused on the status of Breton language, Breton and Gallo language, Gallo languages against perceived French linguistic im ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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