Braga Incident
The Braga incident was a 2014 academic scandal in which Xu Lin, the Director-General (''zhǔrèn'' 主任) of the Hanban and Chief Executive (''zǒnggànshi'' 总干事) of the Confucius Institute Headquarters ordered her staff to remove pages referring to Taiwanese academic institutions from the published program for the European Association for Chinese Studies July–August conference in Braga, Portugal, claiming the materials were "contrary to Chinese regulations",China's Soft-Power Fail
Bloomberg View, 7 October 2014. which '''' described as the "bullying approach to academic freedom".
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Academic Scandal
Academic dishonesty, academic misconduct, academic fraud and academic integrity are related concepts that refer to various actions on the part of students that go against the expected norms of a school, university or other learning institution. Definitions of academic misconduct are usually outlined in institutional policies. Therefore, academic dishonesty consists of many different categories of behaviour, as opposed to being a singular concept. History Academic dishonesty dates back to the first tests. Scholars note that cheating was prevalent on the Chinese civil service exams thousands of years ago, even when cheating carried the penalty of death for both examinee and examiner. Bribery of examiners was also common, as represented in works such as the Ming-dynasty story collection ''The Book of Swindles'' Standards for citation and referencing began at the end of the 19th century with the emergence of guidance provided by scholarly societies that developed discipline-sp ...
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