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Bordet–Gengou Agar
Bordet–Gengou agar is a type of agar plate optimized to isolate '' Bordetella'', containing blood, potato extract, and glycerol, with an antibiotic such as cephalexin or penicillin and sometimes nicotinamide. The potato extract provided nitrogen and vitamins, and potato starch absorbed fatty acids present in nasal secretions or collection-swab cotton that inhibited growth; glycerol was a carbon source. ''Medical Microbiology, 4th edition'', states that Regan-Lowe medium (containing charcoal, blood, and antibiotic) has replaced Bordet–Gengou medium as the medium of choice for routine ''Bordetella pertussis'' incubation. '' Bordetella'' bacteria were difficult to culture; Jules Bordet and Octave Gengou Octave Gengou (27 February 1875, Ouffet – 25 April 1957, Brussels) was a Belgian bacteriologist. He researched with Jules Bordet the ''Bordetella pertussis'' bacteria. Biography At the age of 22, he obtained his doctorate at the University ... invented the first version t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Agar Plate
An agar plate is a Petri dish that contains a growth medium solidified with agar, used to culture microorganisms. Sometimes selective compounds are added to influence growth, such as antibiotics. Individual microorganisms placed on the plate will grow into individual colonies, each a clone genetically identical to the individual ancestor organism (except for the low, unavoidable rate of mutation). Thus, the plate can be used either to estimate the concentration of organisms in a liquid culture or a suitable dilution of that culture using a colony counter, or to generate genetically pure cultures from a mixed culture of genetically different organisms. Several methods are available to plate out cells. One technique is known as "streaking". In this technique, a drop of the culture on the end of a thin, sterile loop of wire, sometimes known as an inoculator, is streaked across the surface of the agar leaving organisms behind, a higher number at the beginning of the streak and a l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bordetella
''Bordetella'' () is a genus of small (0.2 – 0.7 µm), gram-negative coccobacilli of the phylum Pseudomonadota. ''Bordetella'' species, with the exception of '' B. petrii'', are obligate aerobes, as well as highly fastidious, or difficult to culture. All species can infect humans. The first three species to be described ('' B. pertussis'', '' B. parapertussis'', '' B. bronchiseptica''); are sometimes referred to as the 'classical species'. Two of these (''B. bronchiseptica'' and ''B. pertussis'') are also motile. ''B. pertussis'' and occasionally ''B. parapertussis'' cause pertussis or whooping cough in humans, and some ''B. parapertussis'' strains can colonise sheep. ''B. bronchiseptica'' rarely infects healthy humans, though disease in immunocompromised patients has been reported. ''B. bronchiseptica'' causes several diseases in other mammals, including kennel cough and atrophic rhinitis in dogs and pigs, respectively. Other members of the genus cause similar diseases in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bordetella Pertussis
''Bordetella pertussis'' is a Gram-negative, aerobic, pathogenic, encapsulated coccobacillus of the genus ''Bordetella'', and the causative agent of pertussis or whooping cough. Like '' B. bronchiseptica'', ''B. pertussis'' is motile and expresses a flagellum-like structure. Its virulence factors include pertussis toxin, adenylate cyclase toxin, filamentous hæmagglutinin, pertactin, fimbria, and tracheal cytotoxin. The bacterium is spread by airborne droplets; its incubation period is 7–10 days on average (range 6–20 days). Humans are the only known reservoir for ''B. pertussis''. The complete ''B. pertussis'' genome of 4,086,186 base pairs was published in 2003. Compared to its closest relative ''B. bronchiseptica'', the genome size is greatly reduced. This is mainly due to the adaptation to one host species (human) and the loss of capability of survival outside of a host body. History The disease pertussis was first described by French physician Guillaume de Baillo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jules Bordet
Jules Jean Baptiste Vincent Bordet (; 13 June 1870 – 6 April 1961) was a Belgian immunologist and microbiologist. The bacterial genus ''Bordetella'' is named after him. The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded to him in 1919 for his discoveries relating to immunity. Education and early life Bordet was born at Soignies, Belgium. He graduated as Doctor of Medicine from the Free University of Brussels in 1892 and began his work at the Pasteur Institute in Paris in 1894, in the laboratory of Elie Metchnikoff, who had just discovered phagocytosis of bacteria by white blood cells, an expression of cellular immunity. Career In 1895 Bordet made his discovery that the bacteriolytic effect of acquired specific antibody is significantly enhanced ''in vivo'' by the presence of innate serum components which he termed alexine (but which are now known as complement). Four years later, in 1899, he described a similar destructive process involving complement, "hemolysis", in w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Octave Gengou
Octave Gengou (27 February 1875, Ouffet – 25 April 1957, Brussels) was a Belgian bacteriologist. He researched with Jules Bordet the ''Bordetella pertussis'' bacteria. Biography At the age of 22, he obtained his doctorate at the University of Liège, later being named as deputy director at the Pasteur Institute of Brabant. In 1945, he became professor emeritus at the University of Brussels.ARMB; Royal Academy of Medicine of Belgium biographical information Gengou worked at the Belgium in . With |
Martha Wollstein
Martha Wollstein (November 21, 1868 – September 30, 1939) was an American physician. Wollstein was born in New York to a German Jewish family. Biography Wollstein was educated at the Woman's Medical College of the New York Infirmary, which became part of the Cornell University Medical School in 1909. There she studied with Mary Corinna Putnam Jacobi, with whom she would later publish her first paper in 1902, on a myosarcoma of the uterus. After graduating in 1890, Wollstein joined the Babies Hospital in New York, where she became a pathologist in 1892. Her work there included research on infant diarrhea, malaria, tuberculosis, and typhoid fever. In 1904, she was invited by Simon Flexner to join the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research as an assistant researcher, though she continued to work at the Babies Hospital even after this. At the Rockefeller Institute she did experimental work on polio, studied pneumonia, and helped to develop an antimeningitis serum. In a stud ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Microbiological Media
Microbiology () is the branches of science, scientific study of microorganisms, those being unicellular organism, unicellular (single cell), multicellular organism, multicellular (cell colony), or non-cellular life, acellular (lacking cells). Microbiology encompasses numerous sub-disciplines including virology, bacteriology, protistology, mycology, immunology, and parasitology. eukaryote, Eukaryotic microorganisms possess membrane-bound organelles and include fungi and protists, whereas prokaryote, prokaryotic organisms—all of which are microorganisms—are conventionally classified as lacking membrane-bound organelles and include Bacteria and Archaea. Microbiologists traditionally relied on culture, staining, and microscopy. However, less than 1% of the microorganisms present in common environments can be cultured in isolation using current means. Microbiologists often rely on molecular biology tools such as DNA sequence based identification, for example the 16S ribosomal RNA, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
