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Boniface Sauer
Abbot Boniface Sauer, O.S.B. (10 January 1877 – 7 February 1950) was a Benedictine monk and Roman Catholic bishop who served as apostolic administrator of Hamheung, Korea and Abbot of Tokugen o Tokwon. Biography Boniface Sauer was born Oberuffhausen, Germany. On 4 February 1900, he made Solemn Profession in the Order of Saint Benedict and was ordained a priest on 26 July 1903. On 25 August 1920, Sauer was appointed vicar apostolic of Wonsan, Korea and Titular Bishop of Appiaria. He was ordained a bishop on 1 May 1921 by Bishop Gustave-Charles-Marie Mutel, M.E.P. On 9 July 1928, Sauer was appointed the apostolic administrator of Ilan, China. Six years later, on 15 February 1934, he resigned as apostolic administrator of Ilan, China. On 12 January 1940, Sauer was appointed the abbot of Tokugen o Tokwon, Korea and apostolic administrator of Hamheung, Korea. See also * Religion in Korea * Religion in North Korea * Christianity in Korea * Catholic Church in South Korea * List ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abbot
Abbot is an ecclesiastical title given to the male head of a monastery in various Western religious traditions, including Christianity. The office may also be given as an honorary title to a clergyman who is not the head of a monastery. The female equivalent is abbess. Origins The title had its origin in the monasteries of Egypt and Syria, spread through the eastern Mediterranean, and soon became accepted generally in all languages as the designation of the head of a monastery. The word is derived from the Aramaic ' meaning "father" or ', meaning "my father" (it still has this meaning in contemporary Hebrew: אבא and Aramaic: ܐܒܐ) In the Septuagint, it was written as "abbas". At first it was employed as a respectful title for any monk, but it was soon restricted by canon law to certain priestly superiors. At times it was applied to various priests, e.g. at the court of the Frankish monarchy the ' ("of the palace"') and ' ("of the camp") were chaplains to the Merovingian and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Apostolic Administration
An Apostolic administration in the Catholic Church is administrated by a prelate appointed by the pope to serve as the ordinary for a specific area. Either the area is not yet a diocese (a stable 'pre-diocesan', usually missionary apostolic administration), or is a diocese, eparchy or similar permanent ordinariate (such as a territorial prelature or a territorial abbacy) that either has no bishop (an apostolic administrator ''sede vacante'', as after an episcopal death or resignation) or, in very rare cases, has an incapacitated bishop (apostolic administrator ''sede plena''). Characteristics Apostolic administrators of stable administrations are equivalent in canon law with diocesan bishops, meaning they have essentially the same authority as a diocesan bishop. This type of apostolic administrator is usually the bishop of a titular see. Administrators ''sede vacante'' or ''sede plena'' only serve in their role until a newly chosen diocesan bishop takes possession of the dioc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Catholic Church In North Korea
The Catholic Church in North Korea retains a community of several hundred adherents who practice under the supervision of the state-established Korean Catholic Association (KCA) rather than the Roman Catholic hierarchy. The dioceses of the Church have remained vacant since Christian persecutions in the late 1940s. The most prominent congregation is that of Pyongyang, which meets at Changchung Cathedral. According to a KCA official, two other congregations exist. The state ideology of Juche has largely displaced Catholic faith, and full services are provided only to people with a Catholic family background. Most, if not all, religious formation of Catholics in the country occurs across the Tumen River in China, where North Koreans occasionally cross illegally to meet with family from the South. Some North Koreans are baptized on the Chinese side and return to Korea, practicing their faith in secrecy. History The first Catholic missionaries arrived in Korea in 1794, a decade after ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Catholic Dioceses In Korea
The Catholic Church of all Korea is united under a single episcopal conference for the entire politically divided peninsula. All territorial jurisdictions in Korea are part of the Latin Church, covering both South Korea and North Korea, comprising: * three ecclesiastical provinces, each headed by a metropolitan bishop seated in an archdiocese, and a total of 14 suffragan dioceses * the Military Ordinariate of South Korea. * the pre-diocesan Territorial Abbey of Tokwon, in North Korea Latin provinces of Korea Ecclesiastical Province of Seoul, including North Korea * Archdiocese of Seoul (also partially in North Korea) ** Diocese of Chunchon (also partially in North Korea) ** Diocese of Daejeon ** Diocese of Hamhung (in North Korea) ** Diocese of Incheon **Diocese of Pyongyang (in North Korea) ** Diocese of Suwon ** Diocese of Uijeongbu ** Diocese of Wonju Ecclesiastical Province of Kwangju, in South Korea * Archdiocese of Gwangju ** Diocese of Cheju (Jeju) ** Diocese ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Catholic Church In South Korea
, native_name_lang = , image = File:Seoul_Cathedral.jpg , imagewidth = 250px , alt = , caption = Cathedral Church of Virgin Mary of the Immaculate Conception , abbreviation = , type = National polity , main_classification = Catholic , orientation = Asian Christianity , scripture = Bible , theology = Catholic theology , polity = , governance = Catholic Bishops' Conference of Korea , structure = , leader_title = Pope , leader_name = Francis , leader_title1 = President , leader_name1 = Matthias Ri Iong-hoon , leader_title2 = Apostolic Nuncio , leader_name2 = Alfred Xuereb , leader_title3 = , leader_name3 = , fellowships_type = , fellowships = , fellowships_type1 = , fellowships1 = , division_type = , division = , division_type1 = , division1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Christianity In Korea
The practice of Christianity in Korea is marginal in North Korea, but significant in South Korea, where it revolves around two of its largest branches, Protestantism and Catholicism, accounting for 8.6 millionAccording to figures compiled by the South Korean National Statistical Office. and 5.8 million members, respectively. Catholicism was first introduced during the late Joseon Dynasty period by Confucian scholars who encountered it in China. In 1603, Yi Gwang-jeong, a Korean diplomat, returned from Beijing carrying several theological books written by Matteo Ricci, an Italian Jesuit missionary to China.KIM Han-sik, 'The Influence of Christianity', ''Korean Journal'' XXIII, 12, December 1983, p. 5. He began disseminating the information in the books, and the first seeds of Christianity were sown. In 1758, King Yeongjo of Joseon officially outlawed Catholicism as an "evil practice." Catholicism was reintroduced in 1785 by Yi Seung-hun and since then French and Chines ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Religion In North Korea
There are no known official statistics of religions in North Korea. Officially, North Korea is an atheist state, although its constitution guarantees free exercise of religion, provided that religious practice does not introduce foreign forces, harm the state, or harm the existing social order. Based on estimates from the late 1990sChryssides, Geaves. 2007. p. 110 and the 2000s,Association of Religion Data ArchivesNorth Korea: Religious Adherents, 2010 Data from the World Christian Database. North Korea is mostly irreligious, with the main religions being Shamanism and Chondoism. There are small communities of Buddhists and Christians. Chondoism is represented in politics by the Party of the Young Friends of the Heavenly Way, and is regarded by the government as Korea's " national religion" because of its identity as a ''minjung'' (popular) and "revolutionary anti-imperialist" movement. History Before 1945 In ancient times, most Koreans believed in their indigenous religion ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Religion In Korea
Throughout the ages, there have been various popular religious traditions practiced on the Korean peninsula. The oldest indigenous religion of Korea is the Korean folk religion (a version of Shamanism), which has been passed down from prehistory to the present. Buddhism was introduced to Korea from China during the Three Kingdoms era in the fourth century, and the religion pervaded the culture until the Joseon Dynasty, when Confucianism was established as the state philosophy. During the Late Joseon Dynasty, in the 19th century, Christianity began to gain a foothold in Korea. While both Christianity and Buddhism would play important roles in the resistance to the Japanese occupation of Korea in the first half of the 20th century, only about 4% of Koreans were members of a religious organization in 1940. Since the division of Korea into two sovereign states in 1945—North Korea and South Korea—religious life in the two countries has diverged, shaped by different political stru ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Titular Bishop
A titular bishop in various churches is a bishop who is not in charge of a diocese. By definition, a bishop is an "overseer" of a community of the faithful, so when a priest is ordained a bishop, the tradition of the Catholic, Eastern Orthodox and Oriental Orthodox churches is that he be ordained for a specific place. There are more bishops than there are functioning dioceses. Therefore, a priest appointed not to head a diocese as its diocesan bishop but to be an auxiliary bishop, a papal diplomat, or an official of the Roman Curia is appointed to a titular see. Catholic Church In the Catholic Church, a titular bishop is a bishop who is not in charge of a diocese. Examples of bishops belonging to this category are coadjutor bishops, auxiliary bishops, bishops emeriti, vicars apostolic, nuncios, superiors of departments in the Roman Curia, and cardinal bishops of suburbicarian dioceses (since they are not in charge of the suburbicarian dioceses). Most titular bishops ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Order Of Saint Benedict
The Benedictines, officially the Order of Saint Benedict ( la, Ordo Sancti Benedicti, abbreviated as OSB), are a Christian monasticism, monastic Religious order (Catholic), religious order of the Catholic Church following the Rule of Saint Benedict. They are also sometimes called the Black Monks, in reference to the colour of their religious habits. They were founded by Benedict of Nursia, a 6th-century monk who laid the foundations of Benedictine monasticism through the formulation of his Rule of Saint Benedict. Despite being called an order, the Benedictines do not operate under a single hierarchy but are instead organised as a collection of autonomous monasteries. The order is represented internationally by the Benedictine Confederation, an organisation set up in 1893 to represent the order's shared interests. They do not have a superior general or motherhouse with universal jurisdiction, but elect an Abbot Primate to represent themselves to the Holy See, Vatican and to the worl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vicar Apostolic
A vicar (; Latin: ''vicarius'') is a representative, deputy or substitute; anyone acting "in the person of" or agent for a superior (compare "vicarious" in the sense of "at second hand"). Linguistically, ''vicar'' is cognate with the English prefix "vice", similarly meaning "deputy". The title appears in a number of Christian ecclesiastical contexts, but also as an administrative title, or title modifier, in the Roman Empire. In addition, in the Holy Roman Empire a local representative of the emperor, perhaps an archduke, might be styled "vicar". Roman Catholic Church The Pope uses the title ''Vicarius Christi'', meaning the ''vicar of Christ''. In Catholic canon law, ''a vicar is the representative of any ecclesiastic'' entity. The Romans had used the term to describe officials subordinate to the praetorian prefects. In the early Christian churches, bishops likewise had their vicars, such as the archdeacons and archpriests, and also the rural priest, the curate who had the ''c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
