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Bolivian General Election, 2002
General elections were held in Bolivia on 30 June 2002. Nohlen, D (2005) ''Elections in the Americas: A data handbook, Volume II'', p133 As no candidate for the presidency received over 50% of the vote, the National Congress was required to elect a President. Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada was elected with 84 votes to the 43 received by Evo Morales. Background Although Bolivia has had a long history of political instability since independence in 1825, the election in 2002 marked Bolivia's fifth consecutive democratic election. The most recent uninterrupted period of democratic rule began in 1982 as Bolivia developed a unitary political system, with nine departments, divided into 22 provinces and 314 municipalities. At this time, a competitive party system developed around three major parties—the center-right MNR and ADN, and the center-left MIR. In 1989, two populist parties emerged to compete with the three established parties: the left-wing Conciencia de Patria (Condepa) and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Plurinational Legislative Assembly
The Plurinational Legislative Assembly ( es, Asamblea Legislativa Plurinacional) is the national legislature of Bolivia, placed in La Paz, the country's seat of government. The assembly is bicameral, consisting of a lower house (the Chamber of Deputies or ''Cámara de Diputados)'' and an upper house (the Chamber of Senators, or ''Cámara de Senadores)''. The Vice President of Bolivia also serves as the ''ex officio'' President of the Plurinational Legislative Assembly. Each house elects its own directorate: a President, first and second Vice Presidents, and three or four Secretaries (for the Senate and the Chamber of Deputies, respectively). Each party is said to have a seat ( es, bancada) consisting of its legislators. The representatives of each department comprise a brigade (''brigada''). Each house considers legislation in standing committees. The Chamber of Senators has 36 seats. Each of the country's nine departments returns four senators elected by proportional represen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Conscience Of Fatherland
Conscience of the Fatherland ( es, Conciencia de Patria, abbreviated CONDEPA) was a populist political party in Bolivia in the late 20th century. The party was led by Carlos Palenque. Goals CONDEPA was founded in Tiwanaku on September 21, 1988. The party was primarily based in the La Paz Department. CONDEPA was the first major party in Bolivia that appealed to the cultural identity of the Aymaras, the indigenous majority of the country. It borrowed '' katarista'' symbols and used the wiphala flag. Palenque often used references to Aymara culture in his campaigns. Election history The party won strong support amongst urban poor, amongst Aymaras that had migrated to the urban centres. CONDEPA lost the mayoral post of La Paz in 1995. At the time of the 1999 elections the CONDEPA was a party in crisis. p. 406 It was discredited by having entered into Hugo Banzer's government. The party had suffered the death of its leader Carlos Palenque, and divisions had erupted amongst his su ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Electoral Fraud
Electoral fraud, sometimes referred to as election manipulation, voter fraud or vote rigging, involves illegal interference with the process of an election, either by increasing the vote share of a favored candidate, depressing the vote share of rival candidates, or both. It differs from but often goes hand-in-hand with voter suppression. What exactly constitutes electoral fraud varies from country to country. Electoral legislation outlaws many kinds of election fraud, * also at but other practices violate general laws, such as those banning assault, harassment or libel. Although technically the term "electoral fraud" covers only those acts which are illegal, the term is sometimes used to describe acts which are legal, but considered morally unacceptable, outside the spirit of an election or in violation of the principles of democracy. Show elections, featuring only one candidate, are sometimes classified as electoral fraud, although they may comply with the law and are presente ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
René Blattmann
René Blattmann (born January 28, 1948) is a Bolivian judge, lawyer and politician who is a judge of the International Criminal Court. Prior to his appointment to the ICC Blattmann served as Bolivia's minister for justice and human rights. Early life and education Blattmann was born to a father of Swiss descent and studied law at the University of Basel between 1967 and 1971. After graduation, he taught at several universities in Bolivia and abroad. Political career In 1993 Blattmann entered politics with the Revolutionary Nationalist Movement (MNR), serving as the Minister of Justice. He introduced several reforms with regard to human rights. In the presidential elections of 2002, he was the presidential candidate for the Movimiento Ciudadano para el Cambio (MCC). He campaigned for introducing the mechanism of the referendum inspired by the Swiss democracy in Bolivian politics, but was not elected. Juridical career Judge Blattmann was elected to the ICC from the Latin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Socialist Party (Bolivia)
The Socialist Party-1 ( es, Partido Socialista-1) is a socialist political party in Bolivia. History The Socialist Party-One took part in the 1978, 1979, and 1980 general elections, running Marcelo Quiroga Santa Cruz and polled 00.43, 04.82 and 08.71 per cent of the vote, respectively. The party won five seats in National Congress in 1979 and eleven in 1980. Some elements in the conservative military feared Marcelo Quiroga Santa Cruz's potential following as an opposition leader and he was killed during the Luis García Meza Tejada coup of 17 July 1980. His death left his Socialist Party-One – and Bolivian left-wing politics generally – in a greatly weakened condition. In 1984 the Socialist Party-One absorbed the small ultra-left “Spartacus Revolutionary Movement” (Movimiento Revolucionario Espartaco, MRE), led by Dulfredo Rua. The Socialist Party-One presented Ramiro Velasco Romero as its candidate in the 1985 elections, but he won only 02.58 per cent of the vote, com ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Freedom And Justice Party (Bolivia)
The Freedom and Justice Party ( es, Partido Libertad y Justicia) is a progressive political party in Bolivia. At the legislative elections in 2002, the party won 2.7% of the popular vote and no seats in Congress. Its candidate at the presidential elections, Alberto Costa Obregón Alberto is the Romance version of the Latinized form (''Albertus'') of Germanic ''Albert''. It is used in Italian, Portuguese and Spanish. The diminutive forms are ''Albertito'' in Spain or ''Albertico'' in some parts of Latin America, Albertin ..., won 2.7% of the popular vote. Political parties in Bolivia Political parties with year of establishment missing Progressive parties in Bolivia {{Bolivia-party-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ronald MacLean Abaroa
Ronald MacLean-Abaroa (born in La Paz, 1949) is a former Bolivian politician and leading international expert in decentralization, devolution of government powers to local citizens, and anti-corruption strategies. Biography MacLean-Abaroa was the first democratically elected mayor of La Paz, Bolivia, and was reelected four times between 1985 and 1991 to this office. Appointed the youngest minister at age 29, he has held five national cabinet positions including planning, foreign affairs, communications, finance, sustainable development and environment, under three different Bolivian presidents. He was Minister of Finance in 2000. In the late 1990s he spent three years with the Harvard Institute for International Development as a senior research fellow on governance, leading research on institutional reform and governance, and working on issues of decentralization, devolution of government powers to local citizens and anti-corruption strategies. He also lectures at Harvard Kenned ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bolivian Socialist Falange
The Bolivian Socialist Falange ( es, Falange Socialista Boliviana) is a Bolivian political party established in 1937. It is a far-rightJohn, S (2006) ''Permanent Revolution on the Altiplano: Bolivian Trotskyism, 1928-2005'', p. 445 party drawing inspiration from fascism. It was the country's second-largest party between approximately 1954 and 1974. After that, its followers have tended to gravitate toward the government-endorsed military candidacy of General Juan Pereda (1978) and, especially, toward the ADN party of former dictator Hugo Banzer. Foundation and early development Founded in Chile by a group of exiles (chief among whom was Óscar Únzaga de la Vega), the FSB initially drew its inspiration from Spanish falangism. Indeed, in those early years it came close to espousing a Fascist agenda, in the style of Spain's Francisco Franco and Italy's Benito Mussolini. It was reformist, however, in that it advocated major transformations to the existing (largely oligarchic) so ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pachakuti Indigenous Movement
The Pachakuti Indigenous Movement (Spanish: ''Movimiento Indígena Pachakuti'') was an indigenist political party in Bolivia founded in November 2000. At the legislative elections in 2002, the party won 2.2% of the popular vote and 6 out of 130 seats in the Chamber of Deputies and none out of 27 seats in the Senate. Its candidate at the presidential elections, Felipe Quispe, won 6.1% of the popular vote. At the legislative elections in 2005, the party won 2.2% of the popular vote and no seats. Its candidate at the presidential elections, Felipe Quispe Huanca, won 2.2% of the popular vote. See also *Policarpio Castañeta Yujra Policarpio Castañeta Yujra (born December 7, 1957)http://www.cne.org.bo/proces_electoral/generales/elec_gral2002/part_politicos/cand_ficha.asp?id=498 is a Bolivian politician. Castañeta Yujra won the C-16 single-member constituency seat (in El A ... References 2000 establishments in Bolivia 2005 disestablishments in Bolivia Defunct political ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
New Republican Force
The New Republican Force (Spanish: ''Nueva Fuerza Republicana'', NFR) is a center-right political party in Bolivia. It is mainly based in the department of Cochabamba. History The NFR was founded in 1995. After the Assembly for the Sovereignty of the Peoples' (ASP) success in the 1999 municipal elections in Cochabamba, the NFR offered ASP leader Alejo Véliz and other peasant activists top candidate positions and won them over. At the legislative elections in 2002, the party won 26.5% of the popular vote and 27 out of 130 seats in the Chamber of Deputies and two out of 27 seats in the Senate. Its candidate at the presidential elections, Manfred Reyes Villa, won 20.9% of the popular vote. After the election, the party joined the multiparty coalition of president Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada of the Revolutionary Nationalist Movement (MNR). In October 2003, the NFR decided to leave the coalition and Reyes Villa and the other three NFR ministers resigned. This deprived the president of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coalition Government
A coalition government is a form of government in which political parties cooperate to form a government. The usual reason for such an arrangement is that no single party has achieved an absolute majority after an election, an atypical outcome in nations with majoritarian electoral systems, but common under proportional representation. A coalition government might also be created in a time of national difficulty or crisis (for example, during wartime or economic crisis) to give a government the high degree of perceived political legitimacy or collective identity, it can also play a role in diminishing internal political strife. In such times, parties have formed all-party coalitions (national unity governments, grand coalitions). If a coalition collapses, the Prime Minister and cabinet may be ousted by a vote of no confidence, call snap elections, form a new majority coalition, or continue as a minority government. Coalition agreement In multi-party states, a coalition agreeme ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
James Carville
Chester James Carville Jr. (born October 25, 1944) is an American political consultant, author, and occasional actor who has strategized for candidates for public office in the United States and in at least 23 nations abroad. A Democrat, he is an expert pundit in U.S. elections who appears frequently on cable news programs, podcasts, and public speeches. Nicknamed the "Ragin' Cajun", Carville gained national attention for his work as a lead strategist in Bill Clinton's winning 1992 Presidential campaign. Carville also had a principal role crafting strategy for three unsuccessful Democratic Party presidential contenders, including Massachusetts Senator John Kerry in 2004, New York Senator Hillary Clinton in 2008, and Colorado Senator Michael Bennet's campaign for the Democratic Party presidential nomination in 2020. Early life and education Carville was born on October 25, 1944, at a U.S. Army hospital at Georgia's Fort Benning, where his father was stationed during World War ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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