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Blind Animals
Visual perception in animals plays an important role in the animal kingdom, most importantly for the identification of food sources and avoidance of predators. For this reason, blindness in animals is a unique topic of study. In general, nocturnal animals, nocturnal or subterranean animals have less interest in the visual world, and depend on other sensory modalities. Visual acuity, Visual capacity is a continuum, with humans falling somewhere in the center. Totally blind species *Notoryctes, Marsupial moles * ''Sinopoda scurion'' (blind huntsman spider) * Thaumastochelidae (blind deep-sea lobsters) * Blind cave fish * Cave crickets * Eurycea neotenes, Texas salamanders * Blind flatworms * ''Tasmanipatus anophthalmus'' (blind velvet worm) * ''Typhloperipatus'' * Eyeless shrimp * Eyeless fish * Cave beetles * Cave crayfish * Some Thysanura, bristletails, isopods and copepods. * ''Martialis heureka'' * Caecilians * Polychelidae * Olm (also known as a Proteus) * Scolecophidia (bli ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Visual Perception
Visual perception is the ability to interpret the surrounding Biophysical environment, environment through photopic vision (daytime vision), color vision, scotopic vision (night vision), and mesopic vision (twilight vision), using light in the visible spectrum reflected by objects in the environment. This is different from visual acuity, which refers to how clearly a person sees (for example "20/20 vision"). A person can have problems with visual perceptual processing even if they have 20/20 vision. The resulting perception is also known as vision, sight, or eyesight (adjectives ''visual'', ''optical'', and ''ocular'', respectively). The various physiological components involved in vision are referred to collectively as the visual system, and are the focus of much research in linguistics, psychology, cognitive science, neuroscience, and molecular biology, collectively referred to as vision science. Visual system In humans and a number of other mammals, light enters the eye t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cave Beetles
A cave or cavern is a natural void in the ground, specifically a space large enough for a human to enter. Caves often form by the weathering of rock and often extend deep underground. The word ''cave'' can refer to smaller openings such as sea caves, rock shelters, and grottos, that extend a relatively short distance into the rock and they are called ''exogene'' caves. Caves which extend further underground than the opening is wide are called ''endogene'' caves. Speleology is the science of exploration and study of all aspects of caves and the cave environment. Visiting or exploring caves for recreation may be called ''caving'', ''potholing'', or ''spelunking''. Formation types The formation and development of caves is known as '' speleogenesis''; it can occur over the course of millions of years. Caves can range widely in size, and are formed by various geological processes. These may involve a combination of chemical processes, erosion by water, tectonic forces, microorganis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bythograeidae
The Bythograeidae are a small family of blind crabs which live around hydrothermal vents. The family contains 16 species in six genera. Their relationships to other crabs are unclear. They are believed to eat bacteria and other vent organisms. Bythograeidae are a monophyletic, sister taxon of the superfamily Xanthoidea which split to inhabit hydrothermal vents around the Eocene. Origins Due to the lack of fossils found in this group the exact date of origin of Bythograeidae remains unknown. It has been suggested that bythograeidae do not originate from an ancient hydrothermal bathyal groups but instead arose from brachyuran stock that was adapted to shallow hydrothermal vents and then transitioned to deep sea hydrothermal vents around the Eocene. Distribution Bythograeidae are almost exclusively found in the East Pacific Rise. Some exceptions include '' Austinograea alayseae'', '' Austinograea williamsi'' and the genus '' Gandalfus'' which are found in the western Pac ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yeti Crab
''Kiwa'' is a genus of marine decapods living at deep-sea hydrothermal vents and cold seeps. The animals are commonly referred to as "yeti lobsters" or "yeti crabs", after the legendary yeti, because of their "hairy" or bristly appearance. The genus is placed in its own family, Kiwaidae, in the superfamily Chirostyloidea. Five species have been described: '' Kiwa hirsuta'' discovered in 2005 on the Pacific-Antarctic Ridge, '' Kiwa puravida'' discovered in 2006 at cold seeps in the East Pacific (all other species are from hydrothermal vents), '' Kiwa tyleri'', known colloquially as the "Hoff crab", from the East Scotia Ridge, and '' Kiwa araonae'' from the Australian-Antarctic Ridge. Two similar but undescribed species In taxonomy, an undescribed taxon is a taxon (for example, a species) that has been discovered, but not yet formally described and named. The various Nomenclature Codes specify the requirements for a new taxon to be validly described and named. U ... are known ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trechinae
Trechinae is a subfamily in the ground beetle family, Carabidae. Genera The subfamily includes the following genera: * '' Accoella'' Uéno, 1990 * '' Acheroniotes'' Lohai & Lakota, 2010 * '' Adriaphaenops'' Noesske, 1928 * '' Aepiblemus'' Belousov & Kabak, 1993 * '' Aepopsis'' Jeannel, 1922 * '' Aepus'' Leach, 1819 * '' Afrotachys'' Basilewsky, 1958 * '' Agonotrechus'' Jeannel, 1923 * '' Agostinia'' Jeannel, 1928 * '' Alanorites'' Belousov, 1998 * '' Albanotrechus'' Casale & V.B. Gueorguiev, 1994 * '' Allegrettia'' Jeannel, 1928 * '' Allotrechiama'' Uéno, 1970 * '' Amblystogenium'' Enderlein, 1905 * '' Amerizus'' Chaudoir, 1868 – including ''Gnatholymnaeum'' * '' Ameroduvalius'' Valentine, 1952 * '' Anchotrechus'' Jeannel, 1927 * '' Andinorites'' Mateu & Belles, 1980 * '' Andinotrechus'' Mateu, 1981 * '' Angustanillus'' Baehr & Main, 2016 * '' Anillidius'' Jeannel, 1928 * '' Anillinus'' Casey, 1918 * '' Anillodes'' Jeannel, 1963 * '' Anillopsidius'' Coiffait, 1969 * '' Anill ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Typhlonesiotes
''Typhlonesiotes'' is a genus of ground beetles in the family Carabidae Ground beetles are a large, cosmopolitan family of beetles, the Carabidae, with more than 40,000 species worldwide, around 2,000 of which are found in North America and 2,700 in Europe. As of 2015, it is one of the 10 most species-rich animal fami .... This genus has a single species, ''Typhlonesiotes swaluwenbergi''. It is found in Hawaii. References Trechinae Monotypic Carabidae genera {{Trechinae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Faceless Cusk
The faceless cusk (''Typhlonus nasus'') is a genus of cusk-eel found in the Indian and Pacific Ocean The Pacific Ocean is the largest and deepest of Earth's five oceanic divisions. It extends from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Southern Ocean (or, depending on definition, to Antarctica) in the south, and is bounded by the contin ...s at depths from . This species grows to in standard length. The fish is named after its appearance due to having an extremely reduced "face". The mouth is located on the underside of the head. The sides of the head do not display any visible eyes. However, ''Typhlonus nasus'' does possess eyes, which can be seen deep beneath the skin in small-sized specimens. It also possess two pairs of large nostrils towards the front of the head above the mouth. The species has discernible gill covers on each side of the head and large deciduous scales. It also has reduced dorsal and anal fins which are dark in colors and are fused at the en ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scolecophidia
The Scolecophidia, commonly known as blind snakes or thread snakes, are an infraorder of snakes. They range in length from . All are fossorial (adapted for burrowing). Five families and 39 genera are recognized. The Scolecophidia infraorder is most likely paraphyletic. Taxonomy The infraorder name Scolecophidia derives from the two Ancient Greek words or σκώληκος (, genitive ), meaning "earthworm", and (), meaning "snake". It refers to their shape and fossorial lifestyle. Families Evolution Despite only having fossils as early as the Cretaceous, Scolecophidia itself likely originated in the Middle Jurassic, with Anomalepididae, Leptotyphlopidae, and Typhlopoidea diverging from one another during the Late Jurassic. Within Typhlopoidea, Gerrhopilidae likely diverged from the Xenotyphlopidae-Typhlopidae clade during the Early Cretaceous, and Xenotyphlopidae and Typhlopidae likely diverged from one another during the Late Cretaceous. Scolecophidians are believe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polychelidae
The family Polychelidae contains thirty-eight extant species of blind, benthic lobster-like crustaceans. They are found throughout the world's tropical, sub-tropical and temperate oceans, including the Mediterranean Sea and the Irish Sea. Anatomy The family Polychelidae is notable for the number of chelate (clawed) limbs, with either four or all five pairs of pereiopods bearing claws. This gives rise to the scientific names ''Polycheles'' (many-clawed) and ''Pentacheles'' (five claws). The first pair of periopods are greatly elongated, but often become broken off while specimens are being brought to the surface. The rostrum is very short or absent, and, although eyestalks are present, the eyes are absent. This family can be seen as evidence of the transition from shrimp-like animals to lobster-like animals, since they possess a number of primitive characters (plesiomorphies), such as the pointed telson, in contrast to the rounded telson in lobsters. Discovery Although apparent ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Caecilians
Caecilians (; ) are a group of limbless, vermiform or serpentine amphibians. They mostly live hidden in the ground and in stream substrates, making them the least familiar order of amphibians. Caecilians are mostly distributed in the tropics of South and Central America, Africa, and southern Asia. Their diet consists of small subterranean creatures such as earthworms. All modern caecilians and their closest fossil relatives are grouped as a clade, Apoda , within the larger group Gymnophiona , which also includes more primitive extinct caecilian-like amphibians. The name derives from the Greek words γυμνος (''gymnos'', naked) and οφις (''ophis'', snake), as the caecilians were originally thought to be related to snakes. The body is cylindrical dark brown or bluish black in colour. The skin is slimy and bears grooves or ringlike markings. Description Caecilians completely lack limbs, making the smaller species resemble worms, while the larger species, with lengths ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Martialis Heureka
''Martialis heureka'' is a species of ant discovered in 2000 from the Amazon rainforest near Manaus, Brazil. It was described as a new species and placed as the sole member of a new subfamily, Martialinae. The generic name means "from Mars" and was given due to its unusual morphology, and the species epithet '' heureka'' indicates the surprising discovery. It belongs to the oldest known distinct lineage to have diverged from the ancestors of all other ants. Etymology The aberrant features of this ant led Stefan P. Cover and Edward O. Wilson to comment that it was an ant that had to be from Mars. The genus name, then, refers to the planet Mars, alluding to the strange characteristics that seem to come from nowhere; the species epithet is from Ancient Greek ηὕρηκα "I found it", echoing Archimedes' famous exclamation, meant to epitomize the troubles involved in the rediscovery of the species after the first specimen discovered in a soil sample was lost. Discovery T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Copepods
Copepods (; meaning "oar-feet") are a group of small crustaceans found in nearly every freshwater and saltwater habitat. Some species are planktonic (inhabiting sea waters), some are benthic (living on the ocean floor), a number of species have parasitic phases, and some continental species may live in limnoterrestrial habitats and other wet terrestrial places, such as swamps, under leaf fall in wet forests, bogs, springs, ephemeral ponds, and puddles, damp moss, or water-filled recesses ( phytotelmata) of plants such as bromeliads and pitcher plants. Many live underground in marine and freshwater caves, sinkholes, or stream beds. Copepods are sometimes used as biodiversity indicators. As with other crustaceans, copepods have a larval form. For copepods, the egg hatches into a nauplius form, with a head and a tail but no true thorax or abdomen. The larva molts several times until it resembles the adult and then, after more molts, achieves adult development. The nauplius form i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
