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Blaufarbenwerke
A blue colour works (german: Blaufarbenwerke) is a paintworks where blue pigment for use in glassmaking is produced. Usually the pigment, cobalt blue, needed for this purpose, was manufactured from cobalt-containing ore as in the case of the factories listed below. Blue colour works * Saxony ** Oberschlema Blue Colour Works (''Blaufarbenwerk Oberschlema'') (founded 1644) in Oberschlema, according to some sources this was the largest blue colour works in the world ** Schneeberg Blue Colour Works (''Blaufarbenwerk Schneeberg'') (1568 to around 1580) in Schneeberg, the first small blue colour works in Saxony ** Unterjugel Blue Colour Works (''Blaufarbenwerk Unterjugel''), 17th century, in Unterjugel ** Niederpfannenstiel Blue Colour Works (''Blaufarbenwerk Niederpfannenstiel'') (founded 1635) in Niederpfannenstiel ** Schindler's Blue Colour Works (''Schindlersches Blaufarbenwerk'') (founded 1649) in Schindlerswerk ** Oehmesches Blue Colour Works (1649–1688) (''Oehmesches ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cobalt Blue
Cobalt blue is a blue pigment made by sintering cobalt(II) oxide with aluminum(III) oxide (alumina) at 1200 °C. Chemically, cobalt blue pigment is cobalt(II) oxide-aluminium oxide, or cobalt(II) aluminate, CoAl2O4. Cobalt blue is lighter and less intense than the (iron-cyanide based) pigment Prussian blue. It is extremely stable and historically has been used as a coloring agent in ceramics (especially Chinese porcelain), jewelry, and paint. Transparent glasses are tinted with the silica-based cobalt pigment smalt. Historical uses and production Cobalt blue in impure forms had long been used in Chinese porcelain. The first recorded use of ''cobalt blue'' as a color name in English was in 1777. It was independently discovered as a pure alumina-based pigment by Louis Jacques Thénard in 1802. Commercial production began in France in 1807. The leading world manufacturer of cobalt blue in the nineteenth century was Benjamin Wegner's Norwegian company Blaafarveværket ("blue c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paintworks
Paint is any pigmented liquid, liquefiable, or solid mastic composition that, after application to a substrate in a thin layer, converts to a solid film. It is most commonly used to protect, color, or provide texture. Paint can be made in many colors—and in many different types. Paint is typically stored, sold, and applied as a liquid, but most types dry into a solid. Most paints are either oil-based or water-based and each has distinct characteristics. For one, it is illegal in most municipalities to discard oil-based paint down household drains or sewers. Clean-up solvents are also different for water-based paint than they are for oil-based paint. Water-based paints and oil-based paints will cure differently based on the outside ambient temperature of the object being painted (such as a house.) Usually, the object being painted must be over , although some manufacturers of external paints/primers claim they can be applied when temperatures are as low as . History Paint was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Annaberg-Buchholz
Annaberg-Buchholz () is a town in Saxony, Germany. Lying in the Ore Mountains, it is the capital of the district of Erzgebirgskreis. Geography The town is located in the Ore Mountains, at the side of the ''Pöhlberg'' ( above sea level). History The previously heavily forested upper Ore Mountains were settled in the 12th and 13th centuries by Franconian farmers. Frohnau, Geyersdorf, and Kleinrückerswalde—all now part of present-day town—are all attested from 1397. Barbara Uthmann introduced braid- and lace-making in 1561 and it was further developed in the 1590s by Belgian refugees fleeing the policies of Fernando Álvarez de Toledo, 3rd Duke of Alba, Spain's governor over the Low Countries. The industry was further developed in the 19th century, when Annaberg and Buchholz were connected by rail to Chemnitz and each other and both settlements had specialized schools for lace-making. The population of Annaberg in the 1870s was 11,693. This had risen to 16,811 by 1905, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chemical Industry
The chemical industry comprises the companies that produce industrial chemicals. Central to the modern world economy, it converts raw materials (oil, natural gas, air, water, metals, and minerals) into more than 70,000 different products. The plastics industry contains some overlap, as some chemical companies produce plastics as well as chemicals. Various professionals are involved in the chemical industry including chemical engineers, chemists and lab technicians. History Although chemicals were made and used throughout history, the birth of the heavy chemical industry (production of chemicals in large quantities for a variety of uses) coincided with the beginnings of the Industrial Revolution. Industrial Revolution One of the first chemicals to be produced in large amounts through industrial processes was sulfuric acid. In 1736 pharmacist Joshua Ward developed a process for its production that involved heating saltpeter, allowing the sulfur to oxidize and combine with water ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Modum
Modum is a municipality in Buskerud in Viken county, Norway. The administrative centre of the municipality is the town of Vikersund. The municipality of Modum was established on 1 January 1838 (see formannskapsdistrikt). The area has a long tradition of skiing with several famous skiers. Modum is home to one of the largest ski jumping hills in the world, Vikersundbakken which is situated in Heggen, outside Geithus. The hill record, established in 2017 is a jump of . General information Name The municipality (originally the parish) is named after the old ''Modum'' farm (Old Norse: ''Móðheimr''), since the first church was built here. The first element is ''móða'' which means "river" (here the Drammenselva river) and the last element is ''heimr'' which means "home", "homestead", or "farm". The name of the farm was later changed to ''Buskerud''. Coat-of-arms The coat-of-arms is from modern times. They were granted on 15 March 1985. The arms show three wavy silver lines ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Modum Blue Colour Works
Modum is a municipality in Buskerud in Viken county, Norway. The administrative centre of the municipality is the town of Vikersund. The municipality of Modum was established on 1 January 1838 (see formannskapsdistrikt). The area has a long tradition of skiing with several famous skiers. Modum is home to one of the largest ski jumping hills in the world, Vikersundbakken which is situated in Heggen, outside Geithus. The hill record, established in 2017 is a jump of . General information Name The municipality (originally the parish) is named after the old ''Modum'' farm (Old Norse: ''Móðheimr''), since the first church was built here. The first element is ''móða'' which means "river" (here the Drammenselva river) and the last element is ''heimr'' which means " home", "homestead", or "farm". The name of the farm was later changed to ''Buskerud''. Coat-of-arms The coat-of-arms is from modern times. They were granted on 15 March 1985. The arms show three wavy silver lines ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Norway
Norway, officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Nordic country in Northern Europe, the mainland territory of which comprises the western and northernmost portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula. The remote Arctic island of Jan Mayen and the archipelago of Svalbard also form part of Norway. Bouvet Island, located in the Subantarctic, is a dependency of Norway; it also lays claims to the Antarctic territories of Peter I Island and Queen Maud Land. The capital and largest city in Norway is Oslo. Norway has a total area of and had a population of 5,425,270 in January 2022. The country shares a long eastern border with Sweden at a length of . It is bordered by Finland and Russia to the northeast and the Skagerrak strait to the south, on the other side of which are Denmark and the United Kingdom. Norway has an extensive coastline, facing the North Atlantic Ocean and the Barents Sea. The maritime influence dominates Norway's climate, with mild lowland temperatures on the se ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kryštofovy Hamry
Kryštofovy Hamry (german: Christophhammer) is a municipality and village in Chomutov District in the Ústí nad Labem Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 200 inhabitants. Kryštofovy Hamry lies approximately west of Chomutov, west of Ústí nad Labem, and north-west of Prague. Administrative parts The village of Černý Potok, the hamlet of Mezilesí and the area of the former village of Rusová are administrative parts of Kryštofovy Hamry. The former town of Přísečnice was also located in what is today the municipal territory of Kryštofovy Hamry. Notable people *Richard Markgraf (1869–1916), palaeontologist *Eugen Sänger Eugen Sänger (22 September 1905 – 10 February 1964) was an Austrian aerospace engineer best known for his contributions to lifting body and ramjet technology. Early career Sänger was born in the former mining town of Preßnitz (Přísečni ... (1905–1964), Austrian aerospace engineer References Villages in Chomutov Distr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bohemia
Bohemia ( ; cs, Čechy ; ; hsb, Čěska; szl, Czechy) is the westernmost and largest historical region of the Czech Republic. Bohemia can also refer to a wider area consisting of the historical Lands of the Bohemian Crown ruled by the Bohemian kings, including Moravia and Czech Silesia, in which case the smaller region is referred to as Bohemia proper as a means of distinction. Bohemia was a duchy of Great Moravia, later an independent principality, a kingdom in the Holy Roman Empire, and subsequently a part of the Habsburg monarchy and the Austrian Empire. After World War I and the establishment of an independent Czechoslovak state, the whole of Bohemia became a part of Czechoslovakia, defying claims of the German-speaking inhabitants that regions with German-speaking majority should be included in the Republic of German-Austria. Between 1938 and 1945, these border regions were joined to Nazi Germany as the Sudetenland. The remainder of Czech territory became the Second ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hasserode Blue Colour Works
Hasserode has been a quarter in the town of Wernigerode in the German state of Saxony-Anhalt since 1907. Location Hasserode lies at the foot of the Harz Mountains in the valley of the River Holtemme, whose upper reaches include the water cascade of the Steinerne Renne. A state road (''Landstraße'') runs through the quarter to Drei Annen Hohne and Schierke in the direction of the Harz's highest mountain, the Brocken. The Harz Railway and Brocken Railway, part of the Harz Narrow Gauge Railways also run through the district which has three stations: Hochschule Harz (formerly Kirchstraße), Wernigerode-Hasserode and Steinerne Renne. History The village grew up around Hasserode Castle in the 12th century, but was abandoned by the 16th century and was only reoccupied again in 1768 by order of King Frederick II of Prussia, hence the name ''Friedrichsthal'' for the lower part of the parish and the village name of Hasserode-Friedrichsthal which has been used from time to time. P ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prussia
Prussia, , Old Prussian: ''Prūsa'' or ''Prūsija'' was a German state on the southeast coast of the Baltic Sea. It formed the German Empire under Prussian rule when it united the German states in 1871. It was ''de facto'' dissolved by an emergency decree transferring powers of the Prussian government to German Chancellor Franz von Papen in 1932 and ''de jure'' by an Allied decree in 1947. For centuries, the House of Hohenzollern ruled Prussia, expanding its size with the Prussian Army. Prussia, with its capital at Königsberg and then, when it became the Kingdom of Prussia in 1701, Berlin, decisively shaped the history of Germany. In 1871, Prussian Minister-President Otto von Bismarck united most German principalities into the German Empire under his leadership, although this was considered to be a "Lesser Germany" because Austria and Switzerland were not included. In November 1918, the monarchies were abolished and the nobility lost its political power during the Ger ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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