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Bipaliinae
Bipaliinae is a subfamily of land planarians found mainly in Madagascar, the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia, although some species have been introduced worldwide. Description The subfamily Bipaliinae is characterized by having a semilunar head that gives them the common name "hammerhead worms". The head has peripheral sensory pits on the ventral side and small peripheral eyes on the dorsal side.Winsor, L.; Johns, P. M.; Barker, G. M. (2004). Terrestrial planarians (Platyhelminthes: Turbellaria: Tricladida: Continenticola) predaceous on terrestrial gastropods. ''In'': Barker, G. (ed.), ''Natural Enemies of Terrestrial Molluscs'', pp. 227-278. Genera Species in the subfamily Bipaliinae are grouped in the following genera: *'' Bipalium'' Stimpson, 1857 *'' Humbertium'' Ogren & Sluys, 2001 *'' Novibipalium'' Kawakatsu et al., 1998 *'' Diversibipalium'' Kawakatsu et al., 2002 Bipaliin as invasive species Several hammerhead flatworms have become invasive, the most fa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Geoplanidae
Geoplanidae is a family of flatworms known commonly as land planarians or land flatworms. These flatworms are mainly predators of other invertebrates, which they hunt, attack and capture using physical force and the adhesive and digestive properties of their mucus. They lack water-retaining mechanisms and are therefore very sensitive to humidity variations of their environment. Because of their strict ecological requirements, some species have been proposed as indicators of the conservation state of their habitats. They are generally animals with low vagility (dispersal ability) and with very specific habitat requirements, so they can be also used to accurately determine the distribution of biogeographic realms. Today the fauna of these animals is being studied to select conservation priorities in the Atlantic rainforest in Brazil. At the other extreme, one species in this family, ''Platydemus manokwari'' has become an invasive species in both disturbed and wild habitats in the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Land Planarians
Geoplanidae is a family of flatworms known commonly as land planarians or land flatworms. These flatworms are mainly predators of other invertebrates, which they hunt, attack and capture using physical force and the adhesive and digestive properties of their mucus. They lack water-retaining mechanisms and are therefore very sensitive to humidity variations of their environment. Because of their strict ecological requirements, some species have been proposed as indicators of the conservation state of their habitats. They are generally animals with low vagility (dispersal ability) and with very specific habitat requirements, so they can be also used to accurately determine the distribution of biogeographic realms. Today the fauna of these animals is being studied to select conservation priorities in the Atlantic rainforest in Brazil. At the other extreme, one species in this family, ''Platydemus manokwari'' has become an invasive species in both disturbed and wild habitats in the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diversibipalium
''Diversibipalium'' is a genus of land planarians of the subfamily Bipaliinae (hammerhead flatworms). It was erected to include species lacking sufficient morphological information to allow them to be classified in the appropriate genus. Taxonomy During the second half of the 19th century and the first half of the 20th century, many land planarian species were described based solely on external characters. Currently, the genera of land planarians are highly based on their internal anatomy, especially the anatomy of the copulatory apparatus. As a result, species with old descriptions that were never redescribed, so that their internal anatomy remains unknown, cannot be assigned to the correct genus. Thus, the genus ''Diversibipalium'' was created to temporarily accommodate species of the subfamily Bipaliinae whose anatomy of the copulatory apparatus is still unknown. Species '' Diversibipalium multilineatum'' is a large-size invasive species, originally from Japan, now fo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Humbertium Covidum With Scale At End Mm
''Humbertium'' is a genus of land planarians of the subfamily Bipaliinae (hammerhead flatworms). Description Species of ''Humbertium'' are characterized by the presence of a well developed penis papilla in the copulatory apparatus, similar to the one in ''Bipalium'', but with the ovovitelloducts entering the female atrium anteriorly and not posteriorly as in ''Bipalium''. Etymology The genus ''Humbertium'' is named after the Swiss naturalist Aloïs Humbert who described several species from Sri Lanka that are now classified in the genus. Species The genus ''Humbertium'' contains the following species: *''Humbertium core'' (de Beauchamp, 1930) *''Humbertium covidum'' Justine, Gastineau, Gros, Gey, Ruzzier, Charles & Winsor, 2022 *''Humbertium depressum'' (Ritter-Záhony, 1905) *''Humbertium diana'' (Humbert, 1862) *''Humbertium dodabettae'' (de Beauchamp, 1930) *''Humbertium ferruginoideum'' (Sabussowa, 1925) *''Humbertium kelleri'' (von Graff, 1899) *''Humbertium longi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Humbertium
''Humbertium'' is a genus of land planarians of the subfamily Bipaliinae (hammerhead flatworms). Description Species of ''Humbertium'' are characterized by the presence of a well developed penis papilla in the copulatory apparatus, similar to the one in ''Bipalium'', but with the ovovitelloducts entering the female atrium anteriorly and not posteriorly as in ''Bipalium''. Etymology The genus ''Humbertium'' is named after the Swiss naturalist Aloïs Humbert who described several species from Sri Lanka that are now classified in the genus. Species The genus ''Humbertium'' contains the following species: *'' Humbertium core'' (de Beauchamp, 1930) *''Humbertium covidum ''Humbertium covidum'' is a species of predatory land flatworm, found in France and Italy. The Holotype specimen is MNHN JL351B. Description ''H. covidum'' is a small hammerhead flatworm, about in length. The dorsal face is completely metalli ...'' Justine, Gastineau, Gros, Gey, Ruzzier, Charles & Winso ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Novibipalium
''Novibipalium'' is a genus of land planarians of the subfamily Bipaliinae (hammerhead flatworms). Description Species of ''Novibipalium'' are very similar to those of the related genus ''Bipalium''. The main difference occurs in the copulatory apparatus, which in ''Novibipalium'' lacks a well-developed penis papilla, while in ''Bipalium'' a penis papilla is present. ''Novibipalium'' has a set of folds in the copulatory apparatus that are everted during mating In biology, mating is the pairing of either opposite-sex or hermaphroditic organisms for the purposes of sexual reproduction. ''Fertilization'' is the fusion of two gametes. ''Copulation'' is the union of the sex organs of two sexually reproduc ... and create a temporary penis. Species The genus ''Novibipalium'' contains the following species: *'' Novibipalium alterifuscatum'' Kawakatsu, Ogren & Froehlich, 1998 *'' Novibipalium falsifuscatum'' Kawakatsu, Ogren & Froehlich, 1998 *'' Novibipalium miyukiae'' Kawakats ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bipalium Kewense
''Bipalium kewense'' is a species of large predatory land planarian with a cosmopolitan distribution. It is sometimes referred to as a "hammerhead flatworm" due to its half-moon-shaped head, but this name is also used to refer to other species in the subfamily Bipaliinae. Description ''Bipalium kewense'' is a very long land planarian. Preserved specimens are up to 20 centimetres in length, and living specimens may be longer. The anterior end ("head") is expanded in a transversal semilunate shape and the body is the narrowest just behind the head, in a region called "neck". The dorsal color is light-brown with five black to grey longitudinal stripes that begin at the neck. The median and marginal stripes are narrow and black, very distinctly marked. The lateral stripes (between the median and marginal stripes) are usually grey, broad and with diffuse margins. The neck is usually marked by an incomplete black collar formed by the union of the marginal and lateral stripes, this b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bipalium Adventitium
''Bipalium adventitium'' is a land planarian in the subfamily Bipaliinae. It has been accidentally introduced in the United States, where it is considered invasive. Appearance Most adult individuals of ''B. adventitium'' are in length. The head is expanded and fan-shaped, being easily distinguishable from other common species of ''Bipalium'', such as ''Bipalium kewense'' and '' Bipalium pennsylvanicum'', because these have a head in the shape of a half moon. The body has a yellow to tan color and has one dark dorsal stripe that does not extend over the head. Behaviour and Ecology Predation ''Bipalium adventitium'' is known to prey on earthworms. In order to catch its prey, it follows a chemical trail given off by the earthworm. Chemoreceptors on the head are responsible for sensing the trail left by the prey. After finding an earthworm, the planarian quickly crawls over it and wraps itself around the prey, preventing its escape. In North America, where ''B. adventitium'' is an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bipalium Pennsylvanicum
''Bipalium pennsylvanicum'', the ''three-lined land planarian'', is a species of land planarian in the subfamily Bipaliinae. They are native to Asia, but found mostly in Pennsylvania Pennsylvania (; ( Pennsylvania Dutch: )), officially the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, is a state spanning the Mid-Atlantic, Northeastern, Appalachian, and Great Lakes regions of the United States. It borders Delaware to its southeast, ... and the surrounding areas. They can reach a length of 5.1 inches (130 mm) or more, with a diet consisting mostly of earthworms. They reproduce sexually by creating a cocoon in the spring, but unlike related planarians, they cannot reproduce through binary fission. It is not recommended to touch these flatworms without gloves, because their mucous contains a toxin that is used for digesting prey and can cause skin irritation for some people. References Further reading * {{Taxonbar, from=Q2272522 Geoplanidae ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bipalium Vagum
''Bipalium vagum'' is a land planarian in the subfamily Bipaliinae. It has been accidentally introduced in the United States, Bermuda and various islands in the Caribbean and was recorded for the first time in Europe, in Italy, in 2021. Description ''Bipalium vagum'' is a relatively small species of ''Bipalium'', measuring about in length. The head varies from entirely black to dark brown with two black patches separated by a lighter ground color. The neck has a black collar interrupted only at the creeping sole. The dorsal color of the body is light brown and a broad black stripe runs longitudinally from the black collar to the posterior end. Laterally, there are two diffuse dark brown stripes. Feeding Habits Differently from other invasive species of ''Bipalium'', which feed on earthworms, ''B. vagum'' seems to feed exclusively on gastropods. As it seems to be spreading throughout the Caribbean and southern United States, there is certain concern on its possible impacts ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indian Subcontinent
The Indian subcontinent is a list of the physiographic regions of the world, physiographical region in United Nations geoscheme for Asia#Southern Asia, Southern Asia. It is situated on the Indian Plate, projecting southwards into the Indian Ocean from the Himalayas. Geopolitically, it includes the countries of Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka."Indian subcontinent". ''Oxford Dictionary of English, New Oxford Dictionary of English'' () New York: Oxford University Press, 2001; p. 929: "the part of Asia south of the Himalayas which forms a peninsula extending into the Indian Ocean, between the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal. Historically forming the whole territory of Greater India, the region is now divided into three countries named Bangladesh, India and Pakistan." The terms ''Indian subcontinent'' and ''South Asia'' are often used interchangeably to denote the region, although the geopolitical term of South Asia frequently includes Afghanist ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Southeast Asia
Southeast Asia, also spelled South East Asia and South-East Asia, and also known as Southeastern Asia, South-eastern Asia or SEA, is the geographical United Nations geoscheme for Asia#South-eastern Asia, south-eastern region of Asia, consisting of the regions that are situated south of mainland China, east of the Indian subcontinent, and north-west of mainland Australia. Southeast Asia is bordered to the north by East Asia, to the west by South Asia and the Bay of Bengal, to the east by Oceania and the Pacific Ocean, and to the south by Australia (continent), Australia and the Indian Ocean. Apart from the British Indian Ocean Territory and two out of atolls of Maldives, 26 atolls of Maldives in South Asia, Maritime Southeast Asia is the only other subregion of Asia that lies partly within the Southern Hemisphere. Mainland Southeast Asia is completely in the Northern Hemisphere. East Timor and the southern portion of Indonesia are the only parts that are south of the Equator. Th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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