Bill Clinton Pardons Controversy
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Bill Clinton Pardons Controversy
Bill Clinton was criticized for some of his presidential pardons and acts of executive clemency. Pardoning or commuting sentences is a power granted by the Constitution to sitting U.S. presidents. Scholars use two different models to describe the pardons process. Clinton used the presidential model, viewing the pardon power as a convenient resource that could be used to advance specific policy goals. In contrast, the agency model views the pardons process as process driven by nonpolitical legal experts in the Department of Justice. Clinton chose to make nearly a third of them on January 20, 2001, his last day in office. This was ridiculed as Pardongate. While Clinton pardoned a large number (450) of people compared with his immediate one-term predecessor Republican George H. W. Bush, who pardoned only 75, the number of people pardoned by Clinton was comparable to that pardoned by two-term Republican Ronald Reagan and one-term Democrat Jimmy Carter, who pardoned 393 and 534 respec ...
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Bill Clinton
William Jefferson Clinton ( né Blythe III; born August 19, 1946) is an American politician who served as the 42nd president of the United States from 1993 to 2001. He previously served as governor of Arkansas from 1979 to 1981 and again from 1983 to 1992, and as attorney general of Arkansas from 1977 to 1979. A member of the Democratic Party, Clinton became known as a New Democrat, as many of his policies reflected a centrist "Third Way" political philosophy. He is the husband of Hillary Clinton, who was a senator from New York from 2001 to 2009, secretary of state from 2009 to 2013 and the Democratic nominee for president in the 2016 presidential election. Clinton was born and raised in Arkansas and attended Georgetown University. He received a Rhodes Scholarship to study at University College, Oxford and later graduated from Yale Law School. He met Hillary Rodham at Yale; they married in 1975. After graduating from law school, Clinton returned to Arkansas ...
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Hillary Clinton
Hillary Diane Rodham Clinton ( Rodham; born October 26, 1947) is an American politician, diplomat, and former lawyer who served as the 67th United States Secretary of State for President Barack Obama from 2009 to 2013, as a United States senator representing New York from 2001 to 2009, and as First Lady of the United States as the wife of President Bill Clinton from 1993 to 2001. A member of the Democratic Party, she was the party's nominee for president in the 2016 presidential election, becoming the first woman to win a presidential nomination by a major U.S. political party; Clinton won the popular vote, but lost the Electoral College vote, thereby losing the election to Donald Trump. Raised in the Chicago suburb of Park Ridge, Rodham graduated from Wellesley College in 1969 and earned a Juris Doctor degree from Yale Law School in 1973. After serving as a congressional legal counsel, she moved to Arkansas and married future president Bill Clinton in 1975; the tw ...
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Carmen Valentin
''Carmen'' () is an opera in four acts by the French composer Georges Bizet. The libretto was written by Henri Meilhac and Ludovic Halévy, based on the Carmen (novella), novella of the same title by Prosper Mérimée. The opera was first performed by the Opéra-Comique in Paris on 3 March 1875, where its breaking of conventions shocked and scandalised its first audiences. Bizet died suddenly after the 33rd performance, unaware that the work would achieve international acclaim within the following ten years. ''Carmen'' has since become one of the most popular and frequently performed operas in the classical Western canon, canon; the "Habanera (aria), Habanera" from act 1 and the "Toreador Song" from act 2 are among the best known of all operatic arias. The opera is written in the genre of ''opéra comique'' with musical numbers separated by dialogue. It is set in southern Spain and tells the story of the downfall of Don José, a naïve soldier who is seduced by the wiles of th ...
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Luis Rosa
Luis Rosa is a Puerto Rican people, Puerto Rican Puerto Rican Nationalist Party, nationalist''Puerto Rican nationalists accept clemency.'' USA Today. 7 September 1999. Page 5. and member of the Fuerzas Armadas de Liberación Nacional Puertorriqueña, FALN who received a sentence of 75 years for seditious conspiracy and related charges. He was sentenced on 18 February 1981 and subsequently incarcerated in a U.S. federal prison. He was released early from prison after President Bill Clinton extended a clemency offer to him on 7 September 1999. Early years and personal life Luis was born in Chicago in 1960. At the time of his arrest he was 19 years old and was a young father and university student. He was also an excellent baseball player, recruited by professional teams. At the University of Illinois he became involved in the student movement and was president of the Union for Puerto Rican Students. In the community he was particularly involved in the struggle against police brutal ...
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Ida Luz Rodriguez
Ida or IDA may refer to: Astronomy *Ida Facula, a mountain on Amalthea, a moon of Jupiter *243 Ida, an asteroid *International Docking Adapter, a docking adapter for the International Space Station Computing *Intel Dynamic Acceleration, a technology for increasing single-threaded performance on multi-core processors *Interactive Disassembler (now ''IDA Pro''), a popular software disassembler tool for reverse engineering *Interactive Data Analysis, a SPSS#IDA, software package for SPSS *Interchange of Data across Administrations (IDA), a predecessor programme to the IDABC in European eGovernment Film and television *''ID A, ID:A'', a 2011 Danish film *Ida (film), ''Ida'' (film), a 2013 Polish film *Ida Galaxy, a fictional galaxy in the ''Stargate'' TV series Greek mythology *Ida (mother of Minos), daughter of Corybas, the wife of Lycastus king of Crete, and the mother of the "second" king Minos of Crete *Ida (nurse of Zeus), who along with her sister Adrasteia, nursed Zeus on Cre ...
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Alicia Rodríguez (FALN)
Alicia Rodríguez (born 1953, Chicago) is a Puerto Rican member of the FALN who received a sentence of 55 years for seditious conspiracy and other charges. She was sentenced on February 18, 1981, and incarcerated in a U.S. federal prison. However, she was released early from prison, after President Bill Clinton extended a clemency offer to her on September 7, 1999.Broder. John M. (September 8, 1999"12 Imprisoned Puerto Ricans Accept Clemency Conditions"by ''The New York Times'' Early years and personal life Rodríguez was born in Chicago in 1953, the first in her family to be born in the United States. She recalled not speaking the language and teachers not knowing how to work with children who, for some reason, did not speak English. A teacher sat her in the back of the classroom and paid little attention to her or her learning needs. In high school, Alicia became senior class president. Alicia ditched class to attend her older sister's college classes. This is where she began ...
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Dylcia Noemi Pagan
Dylcia Noemi Pagan (born 1946) was a Puerto Rican people, Puerto Rican member of the Fuerzas Armadas de Liberación Nacional Puertorriqueña, FALN (a group which fought for Puerto Rican independence during the 1970s) who received a sentence of 55 years for seditious conspiracy and other charges. She was sentenced on February 18, 1981, and incarcerated in a U.S. federal prison. However, she was released early from prison, after President Bill Clinton extended a clemency offer to her on September 7, 1999."12 Imprisoned Puerto Ricans Accept Clemency Conditions"
by John M. Broder. ''The New York Times'' September 8, 1999


Early years and personal life

Dylcia Noemi Pagan was born in New York City in 1946.
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Adolfo Matos
Adolfo Matos Puerto Rican member of the FALN (a group which fought for Puerto Rican independence during the 1970s) who received a sentence of 70 years for seditious conspiracy and other charges.Prison Activist Resource Center. ''Adolfo Matos.'' Oakland, Calif.
He was sentenced on February 18, 1981, and incarcerated in a U.S. federal prison. However, he was released early from prison, after President extended a clemency offer to him on September 7, 1999.
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Ricardo Jimenez
Ricardo is the Spanish language, Spanish and Portuguese language, Portuguese cognate of the name Richard. It derived from Proto-Germanic language, Proto-Germanic ''*rīks'' 'king, ruler' + ''*harduz'' 'hard, brave'. It may be a given name, or a surname. People Given name *Ricardo de Araújo Pereira, Portuguese comedian *Ricardo Arjona, Guatemalan singer *Ricardo Arona, Brazilian mixed martial artist *Ricardo Ávila, Panamanian footballer *Ricardo Bralo, Argentine long-distance runner *Ricardo Bueno Fernández, Spanish politician *Ricardo Busquets, Puerto Rican swimmer *Ricardo Cardeno, Colombian triathlete *Ricardo Carvalho, Portuguese footballer *Ricardo Cortez, American actor *Ricardo Darín, Argentine actor *Ricardo (footballer, born 1980), full name Ricardo da Silva, Cape Verdean-Portuguese footballer *Ricardo Faty, Senegalese footballer *Ricardo Fischer, Brazilian basketball player *Ricardo Fortaleza, Filipino-Australian boxer *Ricardo Fuller, Jamaican football (soccer) playe ...
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Elizam Escobar
Elizam Escobar (May 24, 1948 – January 15, 2021) was a Puerto Rican art theorist, poet, visual artist and writer. He served a lengthy prison sentence after being convicted while a member of the FALN. Early years Escobar was born in Puerto Rico's second largest city, Ponce, Puerto Rico, on the southern part of the island. There he received his primary and secondary education. As a child, he always enjoyed drawing and painting. After Escobar graduated from high school he enrolled and attended the University of Puerto Rico to pursue his artistic studies. Political activist During his years as a student, he became actively involved in the Puerto Rican independence movement. He became a member of the underground group called Fuerzas Armadas de Liberación Nacional (FALN). After he earned his bachelor's degree in Visual Arts, he moved to New York City. In New York he attended the City College of New York. Escobar also taught art at the Museo del Barrio's School of the Arts f ...
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Edwin Cortes
Edwin Cortes was a Puerto Rican nationalist and member of the FALN who received a sentence of 35 years for seditious conspiracy and other charges. He was sentenced on October 5, 1985, and incarcerated in a U.S. federal prison. However, he was released early from prison, after President Bill Clinton extended a clemency offer to him on February 19, 1999."12 Imprisoned Puerto Ricans Accept Clemency Conditions"
by John M. Broder. ''The New York Times'' September 8, 1999


Criminal activities, arrest and conviction

Cortes and 11 others were arrested on April 4, 1980, in

Executive Privilege
Executive privilege is the right of the president of the United States and other members of the executive branch to maintain confidential communications under certain circumstances within the executive branch and to resist some subpoenas and other oversight by the legislative and judicial branches of government in pursuit of particular information or personnel relating to those confidential communications. The right comes into effect when revealing information would impair governmental functions. Neither executive privilege nor the oversight power of Congress is explicitly mentioned in the United States Constitution. However, the Supreme Court of the United States has ruled that executive privilege and congressional oversight each are a consequence of the doctrine of the separation of powers, derived from the supremacy of each branch in its own area of Constitutional activity. The Supreme Court confirmed the legitimacy of this doctrine in ''United States v. Nixon'' in the context ...
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