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Bildwissenschaft
''Bildwissenschaft'' is an academic discipline in the German-speaking world. Similar to visual studies, and defined in relation to art history, ''Bildwissenschaft'' (approximately, "image-science") refers to a number of different approaches to images, their interpretation and their social significance. Originating in the early 20th century, the field has become more prominent since the 1990s. In the contemporary period, significant theorists and practitioners of ''Bildwissenschaft'' have included , Gottfried Boehm, Hans Belting, Horst Bredekamp and , each of whom have developed distinct orientations toward their subject matter. Etymology ''Wissenschaft'' (from ''Wissen'', meaning "knowledge") is similar in meaning to "science", but is used differently and with different connotations. Whereas "science" typically refers specifically to empirical investigations in the natural sciences and social sciences, ''Wissenschaft'' does not carry the same methodological implications. Neverthel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Visual Studies
Visual culture is the aspect of culture expressed in visual images. Many academic fields study this subject, including cultural studies, art history, critical theory, philosophy, media studies, Deaf Studies, and anthropology. The field of visual culture studies in the United States corresponds or parallels the ''Bildwissenschaft'' ("image studies") in Germany. Both fields are not entirely new, as they can be considered reformulations of issues of photography and film theory that had been raised from the 1920s and 1930s by authors like Béla Balázs, László Moholy-Nagy, Siegfried Kracauer and Walter Benjamin. Overview Among theorists working within contemporary culture, this field of study often overlaps with film studies, psychoanalytic theory, sex studies, queer theory, and the study of television; it can also include video game studies, comics, traditional artistic media, advertising, the Internet, and any other medium that has a crucial visual component. The field's ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Horst Bredekamp
Horst Bredekamp (born 29 April 1947, in Kiel) is a German art historian. Life and work Bredekamp studied art history, archeology, philosophy and sociology in Kiel, Munich, Berlin and Marburg. In 1974 he received his doctorate at the Philipps-Universität Marburg with a thesis on art as a medium of social conflicts, especially the "Bilderkämpfe" of late antiquity to the Hussite revolution. He worked first as a volunteer at the Liebieghaus in Frankfurt am Main, from 1976 as assistant in the division of Art History at the University of Hamburg. In 1982 he was appointed Professor of art history at the University of Hamburg, in 1993 he moved to the Humboldt University Berlin. Since 2003 he has been a Permanent Fellow of the Institute for Advanced Study, Berlin, in 2005 the Gadamer-endowed chair. Bredekamp was a fellow at the Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton (1991), Institute for Advanced Study in Berlin (1992), Getty Center, Los Angeles (1995 and 1998) and the Collegi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hans Belting
Hans Belting (born 7 July 1935 in Andernach, Rhine Province) is a German art historian and theorist of medieval and Renaissance art, as well as contemporary art and image theory. He was born in Andernach, Germany, and studied at the universities of Mainz and Rome, and took his doctorate in art history at the University of Mainz. Belting taught as a professor of arthistory at the University of Hamburg in 1966, then at the University of Heidelberg, and from 1980 to 1992 at the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität at Munich. From 1992 until his retirement in 2002, Belting was professor at the Institute for Art History and Media Theory at the State College of Design in Karlsruhe. From October 2004 until the end of September 2007, Belting served as Director of the Internationalen Forschungszentrums Kulturwissenschaften (International Research Centre for Cultural Studies) in Vienna. Belting published his first monograph in 1962 (''Die Basilica dei Ss. Martiri in Cimitile'') and since th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gottfried Boehm
Gottfried Boehm (; born 1942) is a German art historian and philosopher. Life Boehm studied art history, philosophy and German in Cologne, Vienna and Heidelberg. He obtained his ''Promotion'' (doctorate) in philosophy in 1968 and his ''Habilitation'' in 1974 in art history. From 1975 to 1979 he taught art history at the Ruhr-Universität Bochum. In 1979 he was made professor of art history at the Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen. In 1986 Boehm moved to the University of Basel, where since 2005 he has also been director of the Swiss national research project "Eikones / NCCR Iconic Criticism". In 1993-94 Gottfried Boehm was fellow of the Wiener Institut für die Wissenschaften vom Menschen (Institute for Advanced Studies) and in 2001-02 fellow at the Wissenschaftskolleg zu Berlin. Since 2006 he is a corresponding member of the Heidelberger Akademie der Wissenschaften. Work In his work Gottfried Boehm is particularly influenced by hermeneutics and phenomenology and by the h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Art History
Art history is the study of aesthetic objects and visual expression in historical and stylistic context. Traditionally, the discipline of art history emphasized painting, drawing, sculpture, architecture, ceramics and decorative arts; yet today, art history examines broader aspects of visual culture, including the various visual and conceptual outcomes related to an ever-evolving definition of art. Art history encompasses the study of objects created by different cultures around the world and throughout history that convey meaning, importance or serve usefulness primarily through visual representations. As a discipline, art history is distinguished from art criticism, which is concerned with establishing a relative artistic value upon individual works with respect to others of comparable style or sanctioning an entire style or movement; and art theory or "philosophy of art", which is concerned with the fundamental nature of art. One branch of this area of study is aesthetics, wh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wissenschaft
''Wissenschaft'' is a German-language term that embraces scholarship, research, study, higher education, and academia. ''Wissenschaft'' translates exactly into many other languages, e.g. ''vetenskap'' in Swedish or ''nauka'' in Polish, but there is no exact translation in modern English. The common translation to science is misleading, because ''Wissenschaft'' equally includes humanities (Geisteswissenschaft), and sciences and humanities are mutually exclusive categories in modern English. ''Wissenschaft'' includes humanities like history, anthropology, or arts (study of literature, visual arts, or music) at the same level as sciences like chemistry or psychology. ''Wissenschaft'' incorporates scientific and non-scientific inquiry, learning, knowledge, scholarship, and does not necessarily imply empirical research. History Before Immanuel Kant published his ''Critique of Judgment'' in 1790, "''''" was highly regarded. "''''" included poetry, rhetoric, and other subjects that we ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
German-speaking World
This article details the geographical distribution of speakers of the German language, regardless of the legislative status within the countries where it is spoken. In addition to the German-speaking area (german: Deutscher Sprachraum) in Europe, German-speaking minorities are present in many countries and on all six inhabited continents. Mostly depending on the inclusion or exclusion of certain varieties with a disputed status as separate languages (e.g., Low German/PlautdietschJan Goossens: ' In: Jan Goossens (Hrsg.): ' Karl Wachholtz, 2. Auflage, Neumünster 1983, S. 27; Willy Sanders: ' Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 1982, , S. 32 f.; Dieter Stellmacher: ' 2. Auflage, Weidler, Berlin 2000, , S. 92.), it is estimated that approximately 90–95 million people speak German as a first language,Sum of Standard German, Swiss German, and all German dialects not listed under "Standard German" at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) 10–25 million as a second language, and 75–100 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heinrich Wölfflin
Heinrich Wölfflin (; 21 June 1864 – 19 July 1945) was a Swiss art historian, esthetician and educator, whose objective classifying principles ("painterly" vs. "linear" and the like) were influential in the development of formal analysis in art history in the early 20th century. He taught at Basel, Berlin and Munich in the generation that raised German art history to pre-eminence. His three great books, still consulted, are ''Renaissance und Barock'' (1888), ''Die Klassische Kunst'' (1898, "Classic Art"), and ''Kunstgeschichtliche Grundbegriffe'' (1915, "Principles of Art History"). Wölfflin taught at Berlin University, from 1901 to 1912; Munich University, from 1912 to 1924; and Zurich University, from 1924 until his retirement. Origins and career Wölfflin was born in Winterthur, Switzerland, and is buried in Basel. His father, Eduard Wölfflin, was a professor of classical philology who taught at Munich University and helped found and organize the ''Thesaurus Linguae L ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wilhelm Lübke
Wilhelm Lübke (17 January 1826 – 5 April 1893) was a German people, German art historian, born in Dortmund. He studied at University of Bonn, Bonn and Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin; was a professor of architecture at the Berlin Bauakademie (1857–61) and a professor of art history at the ETH Zurich, Polytechnic in Zurich (1861–66), the University of Stuttgart, Polytechnic in Stuttgart (1866–85), and the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Technische Hochschule in Karlsruhe (1885–93). In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Band 52, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1906, S. 106–111. Previous to his work in art, he gave instruction in vocal and pianoforte music. Lübke was one of the pioneer writers on art history in Germany. His works were for their day both scholarly and appreciative, and correlat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anton Heinrich Springer
Anton Heinrich Springer (13 July 182531 May 1891) was a German art historian and writer. Early life Springer was born in Prague, where he studied philosophy and history at Charles University, earning a Ph.D. Taking an interest in art, he made several educational journeys, travelling to Munich, Dresden and Berlin, and spent some months in Italy. After his Ph.D. he addressed himself to art history. He wrote a second Ph.D. thesis on Hegel's theory of history in Tübingen, where he also was involved in the political activities of the Revolution of 1848. Work He settled at Tübingen, but in 1848 returned to Prague and began to lecture at the university on the history of the revolutionary epoch. The liberal tone of these lectures brought him into disfavour with the ruling authorities, and in 1849 he left Bohemia and passed some time in England, France and the Netherlands. In 1852 he settled at Bonn, where he was lecturer and professor (from 1860) for art history. In 1872 he went to the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jacob Burckhardt
Carl Jacob Christoph Burckhardt (25 May 1818 – 8 August 1897) was a Swiss historian of art and culture and an influential figure in the historiography of both fields. He is known as one of the major progenitors of cultural history. Sigfried Giedion described Burckhardt's achievement in the following terms: "The great discoverer of the age of the Renaissance, he first showed how a period should be treated in its entirety, with regard not only for its painting, sculpture and architecture, but for the social institutions of its daily life as well." His best known work is ''The Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy'' (1860). Life The son of a Protestant clergyman, Burckhardt was born and died in Basel, where he studied theology in the hope of taking holy orders; however, under the influence of Wilhelm Martin Leberecht de Wette, he chose not to become a clergyman. He was a member of the patrician Burckhardt family. He finished his degree in 1839 and went to the Universi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Political Symbolism
Political symbolism is symbolism that is used to represent a political standpoint or party. Political symbols simplify and “summarize” the political structures and practices for which they stand; can connect institutions and beliefs with emotions; can help make a polity or political movement more cohesive. People fit themselves to words as much as they bend them to their own purposes. Different groups and individuals can interpret symbols differently because they all have the capacity to create the virtual reality within which they operate. The symbolism can occur in various media including banners, pictures, and flags. For example, Red flags have traditionally been flown by socialists, left-wing radicals, and communist groups to represent the "blood of the workers". Black flags have traditionally been flown by anarchism, and left-wing radicals to represent the absence of all oppressive structures. A combination of the two colors in a black flag represents social anarchism, su ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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