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Bertiella Studeri
''Bertiella studeri'' is a species of '' Bertiellia'', a type of cestodes (tapeworms). It is a parasite of primates which was first described in the rhesus macaque (''Macaca mulatta'') in 1940. The intermediate host are oribatid mites, which ingest the eggs, and are themselves ingested by the vertebrate host. Oribatid mites infected with Bertiella transfer the developmental cysticercoid stage to a human host through tissue feeding. This is one of two species of ''Bertiella'' that cause Bertielliasis in humans (the other being '' Bertiella mucronata''). The majority of human cases occur in individuals who have some level of contact with non-humanprimates. Geographic distribution of cases demonstrate ''Bertiellia'' infection within countries from Asia, Africa, and the Americas. Morphology An adult ''B. studeri'' tapeworm measures 10–30 cm long, and is 1 cm wide. The adult develops in the small intestine of the primate host. Once the adult develops in the small inte ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bertiella (tapeworm)
''Bertiella'' is a genus of cestode tapeworm parasites that primarily infects nonhuman primates, rodents and Australian marsupials. Infections by ''Bertiella'' are known as bertielliasis. Occasional human infections have been documented by one of two species: ''Bertiella studeri'', or '' Bertiella mucronata''. ''Bertiella'' transmission is through oribatid mites that are present in the soil of problem areas, and can be easily prevented by avoiding contact with nonhuman primates, rodents and soil in these areas. Pathology Of 29 different ''Bertiella'' species, only two can infect humans: ''Bertiella studeri'' (majority of human cases), and ''Bertiella mucronata''. Infected patients are usually asymptomatic. Often individuals will have no fever and show no signs of internal organ damage or distress. Although symptoms are unique to each individual, an infected human may suffer from gastrointestinal irritation, diarrhea, abdominal pain, anorexia, weight loss, vomit and/or cons ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cestode
Cestoda is a class of parasitic worms in the flatworm phylum (Platyhelminthes). Most of the species—and the best-known—are those in the subclass Eucestoda; they are ribbon-like worms as adults, known as tapeworms. Their bodies consist of many similar units known as proglottids—essentially packages of eggs which are regularly shed into the environment to infect other organisms. Species of the other subclass, Cestodaria, are mainly fish infecting parasites. All cestodes are parasitic; many have complex life histories, including a stage in a definitive (main) host in which the adults grow and reproduce, often for years, and one or two intermediate stages in which the larvae develop in other hosts. Typically the adults live in the digestive tracts of vertebrates, while the larvae often live in the bodies of other animals, either vertebrates or invertebrates. For example, '' Diphyllobothrium'' has at least two intermediate hosts, a crustacean and then one or more freshwater fi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rhesus Macaque
The rhesus macaque (''Macaca mulatta''), colloquially rhesus monkey, is a species of Old World monkey. There are between six and nine recognised subspecies that are split between two groups, the Chinese-derived and the Indian-derived. Generally brown or grey in colour, it is in length with a tail and weighs . It is native to South, Central, and Southeast Asia and has the widest geographic range of all non-human primates, occupying a great diversity of altitudes and a great variety of habitats, from grasslands to arid and forested areas, but also close to human settlements. Feral colonies are found in the United States, thought to be either released by humans or escapees after hurricanes destroyed zoo and wildlife park facilities. The rhesus macaque is diurnal, arboreal, and terrestrial. It is mostly herbivorous, mainly eating fruit, but will also consume seeds, roots, buds, bark, and cereals. Studies show almost 100 different plant species in its diet. Rhesus macaques are gener ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oribatida
Oribatida (formerly Cryptostigmata), also known as oribatid mites, moss mites or beetle mites, are an order (biology), order of mites, in the "chewing Acariformes" clade Sarcoptiformes. They range in size from . There are currently 12,000 species that have been identified, but researchers estimate that there may be anywhere from 60,000 to 120,000 total species. Oribatid mites are by far the most prevalent of all arthropods in forest soils, and are essential for breaking down organic detritus and distributing fungi. Oribatid mites generally have low Metabolism, metabolic rates, slow development and low fecundity. Species are Semelparity and iteroparity, iteroparous with adults living a relatively long time; for example, estimates of development time from Egg (biology), egg to adult vary from several months to two years in temperate forest soils. Oribatid mites have six active instars: prelarva, larva, three nymph (biology), nymphal instars and the adult. All these stages after the p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cysticercoid
A cysticercoid is the larval stage of certain tapeworms, similar in appearance to a cysticercus, but having the scolex filling completely the enclosing cyst. In tapeworm infections, cysticercoids can be seen in free form as well as enclosed by cysts in biological tissues such as the intestinal mucosa. Also referred to as metacestodes, they produce proteins enabling them to invade and to survive in the host. * Cysticercosis * Hymenolepiasis Hymenolepiasis is infestation by one of two species of tapeworm: ''Hymenolepis nana'' or '' H. diminuta''. Alternative names are dwarf tapeworm infection and rat tapeworm infection. The disease is a type of helminthiasis which is classified as a n ... References Cestoda Larvae {{parasitic animal-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bertielliasis
Bertielliasis is the infection of '' Bertiella'', a cestode tapeworm parasite that primarily infects nonhuman primates, rodents and Australian marsupials. Occasionally, human infections have been documented by one of two species: ''Bertiella studeri'', or '' Bertiella mucronata''. Of 29 different ''Bertiella'' species, only these two can infect humans. These infections present with symptoms similar to most tapeworm cases, and are frequently misdiagnosed. ''Bertiella'' transmission is through oribatid mites that are often present in the soil of problem areas, and can be easily prevented by avoiding contact with nonhuman primates, rodents and soil in these areas. Signs and symptoms Bertielliasis can be asymptomatic, or present with symptoms similar to many other tapeworms. These can include epigastric pain after meals accompanied by nausea, diarrhea, anorexia, loss of weight and, generally, a tender abdomen. Fever is not typically a symptom, but there are also reported cases o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bertiella Mucronata
''Bertiella mucronata'' is a species of '' Bertiella'', a type of cestode tapeworms known to cause Bertielliasis. It belongs to the genus ''Bertiella'', family Anoplocephalidae. This is one of two species of ''Bertiella'' that can cause the condition in humans (the other being ''Bertiella studeri ''Bertiella studeri'' is a species of '' Bertiellia'', a type of cestodes (tapeworms). It is a parasite of primates which was first described in the rhesus macaque (''Macaca mulatta'') in 1940. The intermediate host are oribatid mites, which ing ...''). Epidemiology The genus Bertiella has 29 cestode species that infect primarily non-human primates. B. studeri and B. mucronata can cause the condition in humans. It usually occurs in children with close contact to non-human primates. This is known to occur in Africa, Asia, Oceania, South America and Cuba. Life cycle/reproduction The life cycle of Bertiella species has a two-host life cycle. An arthropod (such as a mite) serves a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Small Intestine
The small intestine or small bowel is an organ in the gastrointestinal tract where most of the absorption of nutrients from food takes place. It lies between the stomach and large intestine, and receives bile and pancreatic juice through the pancreatic duct to aid in digestion. The small intestine is about long and folds many times to fit in the abdomen. Although it is longer than the large intestine, it is called the small intestine because it is narrower in diameter. The small intestine has three distinct regions – the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. The duodenum, the shortest, is where preparation for absorption through small finger-like protrusions called villi begins. The jejunum is specialized for the absorption through its lining by enterocytes: small nutrient particles which have been previously digested by enzymes in the duodenum. The main function of the ileum is to absorb vitamin B12, bile salts, and whatever products of digestion that were not absorbed by the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Proglottid
Cestoda is a class of parasitic worms in the flatworm phylum (Platyhelminthes). Most of the species—and the best-known—are those in the subclass Eucestoda; they are ribbon-like worms as adults, known as tapeworms. Their bodies consist of many similar units known as proglottids—essentially packages of eggs which are regularly shed into the environment to infect other organisms. Species of the other subclass, Cestodaria, are mainly fish infecting parasites. All cestodes are parasitic; many have complex life histories, including a stage in a definitive (main) host in which the adults grow and reproduce, often for years, and one or two intermediate stages in which the larvae develop in other hosts. Typically the adults live in the digestive tracts of vertebrates, while the larvae often live in the bodies of other animals, either vertebrates or invertebrates. For example, '' Diphyllobothrium'' has at least two intermediate hosts, a crustacean and then one or more freshwater fi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eggs Of Tapeworm Bertiella Studeri
Humans and human ancestors have scavenged and eaten animal eggs for millions of years. Humans in Southeast Asia had domesticated chickens and harvested their eggs for food by 1,500 BCE. The most widely consumed eggs are those of fowl, especially chickens. Eggs of other birds, including ostriches and other ratites, are eaten regularly but much less commonly than those of chickens. People may also eat the eggs of reptiles, amphibians, and fish. Fish eggs consumed as food are known as roe or caviar. Bird and reptile eggs consist of a protective eggshell, albumen (egg white), and vitellus (egg yolk), contained within various thin membranes. Egg yolks and whole eggs store significant amounts of protein and choline, and are widely used in cookery. Due to their protein content, the United States Department of Agriculture formerly categorized eggs as ''Meats'' within the Food Guide Pyramid (now MyPlate). Despite the nutritional value of eggs, there are some potential health issues ari ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
