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Bengali Brahmin
The Bengali Brahmins are Hindu Brahmins who traditionally reside in the Bengal region of the Indian subcontinent, currently comprising the Indian state of West Bengal and the country of Bangladesh. The Bengali Brahmins, along with Baidyas and Kayasthas, are regarded among the three traditional higher castes of Bengal. In the colonial era, the Bhadraloks of Bengal were primarily, but not exclusively, drawn from these three castes, who continue to maintain a collective hegemony in West Bengal. History Multiple land-grants to Brahmins, from since the Gupta Era have been observed. The Dhanaidaha copper-plate inscription, dated to 433 CE, is the earliest of them and records a grantee Brahmin named Varahasvamin. The 7th-century Nidhanpur copperplate inscription mentions that a marshy land tract adjacent to an existing settlement was given to more than 208 Vaidika Brahmins (Brahmins versed in the Vedas) belonging to 56 gotras and different Vedic schools. It is traditionally believe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bengali Language
Bengali ( ), generally known by its endonym Bangla (, ), is an Indo-Aryan languages, Indo-Aryan language native to the Bengal region of South Asia. It is the official, national, and most widely spoken language of Bangladesh and the second most widely spoken of the 22 scheduled languages of India. With approximately 300 million native speakers and another 37 million as second language speakers, Bengali is the List of languages by number of native speakers, fifth most-spoken native language and the List of languages by total number of speakers, seventh most spoken language by total number of speakers in the world. Bengali is the fifth most spoken Indo-European language. Bengali is the official language, official and national language of Bangladesh, with 98% of Bangladeshis using Bengali as their first language. Within India, Bengali is the official language of the states of West Bengal, Tripura and the Barak Valley region of the state of Assam. It is also a second official lan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pala Empire
The Pāla Empire (r. 750-1161 CE) was an imperial power during the post-classical period in the Indian subcontinent, which originated in the region of Bengal. It is named after its ruling dynasty, whose rulers bore names ending with the suffix ''Pāla'' ("protector" in Prakrit). The empire was founded with the election of Gopāla as the emperor of Gauda in late eighth century AD. The Pala stronghold was located in Bengal and eastern Bihar, which included the major cities of Gauḍa, Vikramapura, Pāṭaliputra, Monghyr, Somapura, Ramavati (Varendra), Tāmralipta and Jaggadala. The Pālas were astute diplomats and military conquerors. Their army was noted for its vast war elephant corps. Their navy performed both mercantile and defensive roles in the Bay of Bengal. At its zenith under emperors Dharmapala and Devapala in the early ninth century, the Pala empire extended their dominance into the northern Indian region, with its territory stretching across the Gangetic pl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rudranarayan
Rudranarayan Raymukhuty ( bn, মহারাজা রুদ্রনারায়ণ রায়মুখুটি) was the Maharaja of Bhurishrestha in Bengal. He started rivalry with the Lohani Pathan sultans of Bengal Sultanate. Early life Rudranarayan was born to a Rishikula Kulin Brahmin of Bharadwaj gotra in the legendary Raymukhuty (Mukhopadhyay) dynasty of Bhurishrestha. He was the only child of Raja Shivanarayan Ray. Rudranarayan was a supremely skilled swordsman. While a prince, he used to assist his father in managing the affairs of the State.Bhattacharya, ''Raybaghini O Bhurishrestha Rajkahini'', pp. 91 Shivanarayan entrusted the royal duties to his able successor and engaged himself in spiritual activities. Reign After his father died, he acceded the throne of Bhurishrestha. As a ruler he first united the two houses of Pendo and Dogachhia. After that Rudranarayan concentrated on consolidating his control over south western Bengal and large parts of it were ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nadia Raj
Nadia Raj were a dynasty of Zamindars and the rulers of territories that are now part of the Nadia district region of West Bengal, India. Their seat was at the city of Krishnanagar, Nadia. The estate of Nadia Raj was estimated to cover an area of . The rulers of Nadia Raj established many Sanskrit schools in Nadia, since they were the patron of Sanskrit literature and music. They were also patrons of Sanskrit culture in Bengal. History The Nadia Raj family is believed to have descended from Bhatta Narayana, who was a Brahmin of the ''Sandilya'' Gotra. He was summoned from Kanyakubja (Kannauj) by Raja Adisura of Bengal, for the conduct of ceremonies of purification. The Nadia Raj family is one of the oldest Hindu families in Bengal, spanning more than 35 generations from the founder. Since the establishment of British rule in Bengal each of the Rajas of Nadia were created a Maharaja Mahārāja (; also spelled Maharajah, Maharaj) is a Sanskrit title for a "great ruler", " ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Krishnachandra Roy
Raja Krishnachandra (born Krishnachandra Ray, (1710–1783) was a raja and zamindar of , Nadia, from 1728 to 1782. He belonged to the Nadia Raj family and Shakta Hindu tradition. He is credited not only with his resistance to the Mughal rule, but with his expansion and patronage of the arts in his kingdom. Reign According to Atul Chandra Roy, Krishnachandra was “the most important man of the period in the Hindu society of Bengal.” During his reign, Krishnachandra was highly influential for Hindu religious practices, for which reason Raja Rajballabh Sen of Bikrampur sought the assistance of Krishnachandra's pandits in supporting the overturning of the prohibition on widow remarriage after his own daughter was widowed young. However, Krishnachandra strongly opposed the measure. To illustrate his feelings, legend relates, he had the visitors served the meat of a buffalo calf. Offended, they rejected the food on their honor as orthodox Hindus, and when challenged indicated ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ganesha Dynasty
The House of Ganesha ( bn, বনী গণেশ, Banī Gaṇesh, fa, ) was the second royal house of the late medieval Sultanate of Bengal. It is named after its founder Raja Ganesha, a wealthy Hindu nobleman, who succeeded the former Ilyas Shahi dynasty. His son embraced Islam and ruled as Jalaluddin Muhammad Shah, and was succeeded by his son Shamsuddin Ahmad Shah. History The Ganesha dynasty began with Raja Ganesha in 1414, from the Bengal region of the Indian subcontinent. After Raja Ganesha seized control over Bengal, he faced an imminent threat of invasion. Ganesha appealed to a powerful Muslim holy man named Qutb al Alam to stop the threat. The saint agreed on the condition that Raja Ganesha's son, Jadu, would convert to Islam and rule in his place. Raja Ganesha agreed and Jadu started ruling Bengal as Jalaluddin Muhammad Shah in 1415. Qutb al Alam died in 1416 and Raja Ganesha was emboldened to depose his son and return to the throne as Danujamarddana Deva. Jalaludd ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Raja Ganesha
Raja Ganesha ( bn, রাজা গণেশ) was a Hindu Brahmin zamindar ruler of Bengal, who took advantage of the weakness of the first Ilyas Shahi dynasty and seized power in Bengal. Contemporary historians of the medieval period considered him as an usurper. The Ganesha dynasty founded by him ruled over Bengal from 1415−1435. His name mentioned in the coins of his son, sultan Jalaluddin Muhammad Shah as ''Kans Jha'' or ''Kans Shah''. The Indo-Persian historians mentioned his name as ''Raja Kans'' or ''Kansi''.Majumdar, R.C. (ed.) (2006). ''The Delhi Sultanate'', Mumbai: Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, pp.205-8 A number of modern scholars identified him with Danujamardanadeva, but this identification is not universally accepted. Early life According to the '' Riaz-us-Salatin'' (a chronicle written in 1788), Raja Ganesha was a landlord of Bhaturia and according to Francis Buchanan Hamilton he was the ''Hakim'' (Governor) of Dinajpur in the northern Bengal. In a contemporary letter ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Republic Of India
India, officially the Republic of India (Hindi: ), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the southwest, and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast, it shares land borders with Pakistan to the west; China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the north; and Bangladesh and Myanmar to the east. In the Indian Ocean, India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives; its Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand, Myanmar, and Indonesia. Modern humans arrived on the Indian subcontinent from Africa no later than 55,000 years ago., "Y-Chromosome and Mt-DNA data support the colonization of South Asia by modern humans originating in Africa. ... Coalescence dates for most non-European populations average to between 73–55 ka.", "Modern human beings—''Homo sapiens''—originated in Africa. Then, interm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pakistan
Pakistan ( ur, ), officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan ( ur, , label=none), is a country in South Asia. It is the world's List of countries and dependencies by population, fifth-most populous country, with a population of almost 243 million people, and has the world's Islam by country#Countries, second-largest Muslim population just behind Indonesia. Pakistan is the List of countries and dependencies by area, 33rd-largest country in the world by area and 2nd largest in South Asia, spanning . It has a coastline along the Arabian Sea and Gulf of Oman in the south, and is bordered by India to India–Pakistan border, the east, Afghanistan to Durand Line, the west, Iran to Iran–Pakistan border, the southwest, and China to China–Pakistan border, the northeast. It is separated narrowly from Tajikistan by Afghanistan's Wakhan Corridor in the north, and also shares a maritime border with Oman. Islamabad is the nation's capital, while Karachi is its largest city and fina ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Partition Of India
The Partition of British India in 1947 was the Partition (politics), change of political borders and the division of other assets that accompanied the dissolution of the British Raj in South Asia and the creation of two independent dominions: Dominion of India, India and Dominion of Pakistan, Pakistan. The Dominion of India is today the India, Republic of India, and the Dominion of Pakistan—which at the time comprised two regions lying on either side of India—is now the Pakistan, Islamic Republic of Pakistan and the Bangladesh, People's Republic of Bangladesh. The partition was outlined in the Indian Independence Act 1947. The change of political borders notably included the division of two provinces of British India, Bengal Presidency, Bengal and Punjab Province (British India), Punjab. The majority Muslim districts in these provinces were awarded to Pakistan and the majority non-Muslim to India. The other assets that were divided included the British Indian Army, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kulinism
Kulinism (Bengali: কৌলিন্য) or ''Kulin Pratha'' is a custom that was introduced by Raja Ballala Sena of Bengal. Kulin groups could be found among the three castes of Brahmin, Vaidya Vaidya (Sanskrit: ), or vaid is a Sanskrit word meaning "traditional practitioner of Ayurveda", an indigenous Indian system of alternative medicine. Senior practitioners or teachers were called ''Vaidyarāja'' ("physician-king") as a mark of respe ... and Kayastha. The name derives from the Sanskrit word कुलीन (kulina). According to Kulinism, a few families in different castes were considered noble or superior to other families in the same caste. Kulinism (higher social status) refers to marriage of a ''kulina'' girl to a man in the same class as well as marriage to one in a higher class. It essentially asserts that a ''kulina'' woman must not have her status lowered by marrying into a group of lower rank. One's ''Kulin'' status remains valid for 36-years according to the rul ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dineshchandra Sircar
Dineshchandra Sircar (1907–1985), also known as D. C. Sircar or D. C. Sarkar, was an epigraphist, historian, numismatist and folklorist, known particularly in India and Bangladesh for his work deciphering inscriptions. He was the Chief Epigraphist of the Archaeological Survey of India (1949–1962), Carmichael Professor of Ancient Indian History and Culture at the University of Calcutta (1962–1972) and the General President of the Indian History Congress. In 1972, Sircar was awarded the Sir William Jones Memorial Plaque. Early life and education Sircar was born to a family of Ayurvedic physicians at Krishnanagar. He graduated with Honours in Sanskrit in 1929 and obtained a First Class in his MA Examination in 1931 in Ancient Indian History and Culture with specialisation in Epigraphy and Numismatics from the University of Calcutta. Selected bibliography He authors more than forty books both in Bengali and English. Some of his best-known books include: * ''পাল- ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
