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Belostok, Tomsk Oblast
Belostok (russian: Белосток, pl, Białystok) is a small village in Russia located northwest of Tomsk, Russia. It was founded, at the turn of the 20th century, by Polish settlers from the Podlaskie / Białystok region and named after the city of origin. Today, Belostok has several dozen wooden and brick houses, a few shops, and a community centre. A Roman Catholic church built in the early 20th century burned in 2017. History The Polish settlers came to Siberia as part of the colonization efforts of the Stolypin reform. In the beginning Polish settlers were doing fairly well and the village developed quickly, but the situation changed after the October Revolution. At the time of the Soviet Union the residents of Belostok resisted compulsory collectivisation for a long time, refused to join the kolkhoz, fought for the right to keep their identity and religion. Between 1936 and 1938, Poles were affected by mass repressions on the part of the NKVD: attempts were made ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Russia
Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a List of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia, Northern Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the world, with its internationally recognised territory covering , and encompassing one-eighth of Earth's inhabitable landmass. Russia extends across Time in Russia, eleven time zones and shares Borders of Russia, land boundaries with fourteen countries, more than List of countries and territories by land borders, any other country but China. It is the List of countries and dependencies by population, world's ninth-most populous country and List of European countries by population, Europe's most populous country, with a population of 146 million people. The country's capital and List of cities and towns in Russia by population, largest city is Moscow, the List of European cities by population within city limits, largest city entirely within E ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kolkhoz
A kolkhoz ( rus, колхо́з, a=ru-kolkhoz.ogg, p=kɐlˈxos) was a form of collective farm in the Soviet Union. Kolkhozes existed along with state farms or sovkhoz., a contraction of советское хозяйство, soviet ownership or state ownership, sovetskoye khozaystvo. Russian plural: ''sovkhozy''; anglicized plural: ''sovkhozes''. These were the two components of the socialized farm sector that began to emerge in Soviet agriculture after the October Revolution of 1917, as an antithesis both to the feudal structure of impoverished serfdom and aristocratic landlords and to individual or family farming. The 1920s were characterized by spontaneous emergence of collective farms, under influence of traveling propaganda workers. Initially, a collective farm resembled an updated version of the traditional Russian "commune", the generic "farming association" (''zemledel’cheskaya artel’''), the Association for Joint Cultivation of Land (TOZ), and finally the kolkhoz. T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Populated Places Established In 1898
Population typically refers to the number of people in a single area, whether it be a city or town A town is a human settlement. Towns are generally larger than villages and smaller than cities, though the criteria to distinguish between them vary considerably in different parts of the world. Origin and use The word "town" shares an ori ..., region, country, continent, or the world. Governments typically quantify the size of the resident population within their jurisdiction using a census, a process of collecting, analysing, compiling, and publishing data regarding a population. Perspectives of various disciplines Social sciences In sociology and population geography, population refers to a group of human beings with some predefined criterion in common, such as location, Race (human categorization), race, ethnicity, nationality, or religion. Demography is a social science which entails the statistical study of populations. Ecology In ecology, a population is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1937 In The Soviet Union
The following lists events that happened during 1937 in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. Incumbents * General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union – Joseph Stalin * Chairman of the Central Executive Committee of the Congress of Soviets – Mikhail Kalinin * Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the Soviet Union – Vyacheslav Molotov Events * 23–30 January – Trial of the Anti-Soviet Trotskyist Center * June – Case of Trotskyist Anti-Soviet Military Organization * 18-20 June - by the crew led by Valery Chkalov * 12–14 July – A world-record non-stop , by the crew led by Mikhail Gromov, from Moscow to San Jacinto, California * 12 December – Soviet Union legislative election, 1937 Films * ''Bezhin Meadow'' – directed by Sergei Eisenstein * ''Lullaby'' – directed by Dziga Vertov * '' The Return of Maxim'' – directed by Grigori Kozintsev and Leonid Trauberg * '' Without Dowry'' – directed by Yakov Protazanov Births * 16 Fe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nikita Petrov
Nikita Vasilyevich Petrov (russian: Ники́та Васи́льевич Петро́в, born 31 January 1957, Kiev) is a Russian historian. He works at ''Memorial,'' a Russian organization dedicated to studying Soviet political repression. Petrov specializes in Soviet security services. The book about Nikolai Ezhov written by Nikita Petrov and Marc Jansen is based on the archives made accessible after the dissolution of the Soviet Union. Petrov's part was tracking original archival documents, while Jansen worked with published sources. On March 24, 2005 Nikita Petrov was awarded Knight's Cross of the Order of Merit of the Republic of Poland for his efforts in uncovering truth about repressions against Polish people during the war. In 2008 Petrov earned Ph.D. from the University of Amsterdam (Instituut voor Cultuur en Geschiedenis, Faculty of Humanities) with the thesis "Сталин и органы НКВД-МГБ в советизации стран Центральной ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polish Press Agency
The Polish Press Agency ( pl, Polska Agencja Prasowa, PAP) is Poland's national news agency, producing and distributing political, economic, social, and cultural news as well as events information. The agency has 14 news desks in its headquarters in Warsaw and 24 regional bureaux. As of 2013, PAP had nearly 500 employees and associates, including 300 journalists in Warsaw, 70 regional correspondents, 40 photojournalists and 30 foreign correspondents (among others in Berlin, Brussels, Kiev, London, Madrid, Moscow, New York, Paris, Rome, Sofia, Stockholm, Washington and Vilnius). In May 2018, PAP launched an English-language news portal called Thefirstnews.com that focuses mainly on events in Poland, claiming that international media did not always portray the country "entirely accurately" and with the goal of reaching "specific opinion-forming circles" with the help of social media." In 2019 the company announced plans to extend its foreign correspondent network to additional co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
References
Reference is a relationship between objects in which one object designates, or acts as a means by which to connect to or link to, another object. The first object in this relation is said to ''refer to'' the second object. It is called a ''name'' for the second object. The second object, the one to which the first object refers, is called the '' referent'' of the first object. A name is usually a phrase or expression, or some other symbolic representation. Its referent may be anything – a material object, a person, an event, an activity, or an abstract concept. References can take on many forms, including: a thought, a sensory perception that is audible (onomatopoeia), visual (text), olfactory, or tactile, emotional state, relationship with other, spacetime coordinate, symbolic or alpha-numeric, a physical object or an energy projection. In some cases, methods are used that intentionally hide the reference from some observers, as in cryptography. References feature in many sp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ob River
} The Ob ( rus, Обь, p=opʲ: Ob') is a major river in Russia. It is in western Siberia; and together with Irtysh forms the world's List of rivers by length, seventh-longest river system, at . It forms at the confluence of the Biya (river), Biya and Katun (river), Katun which have their origins in the Altai Mountains. It is the westernmost of the three great Siberian rivers that flow into the Arctic Ocean (the other two being the Yenisei and the Lena River, Lena). Its flow is north-westward, then northward. The main city on its banks is Novosibirsk, the largest city in Siberia, and the List of cities and towns in Russia by population, third-largest city in Russia. It is where the Trans-Siberian Railway crosses the river. The Gulf of Ob is the world's longest estuary. Names The internationally known name of the river is based on the Russian name ''Обь'' (''Obʹ'' ). Possibly from Proto-Indo-Iranian language, Proto-Indo-Iranian ''Ap (water), *Hā́p-'', "river, water" (compare ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Krivosheino
Krivosheino (russian: Кривошеино) is the name of several rural localities in Russia: *Krivosheino, Kaluga Oblast, a village in Zhukovsky District of Kaluga Oblast *Krivosheino, Moscow, a village in Pervomayskoye Settlement of Troitsky Administrative Okrug of the federal city of Moscow *Krivosheino, Moscow Oblast, a village in Kolyubakinskoye Rural Settlement of Ruzsky District of Moscow Oblast *Krivosheino, Novgorod Oblast, a village in Kabozhskoye Settlement of Khvoyninsky District of Novgorod Oblast *Krivosheino, Tomsk Oblast, a '' selo'' in Krivosheinsky District Krivosheinsky District (russian: Кривоше́инский райо́н) is an administrativeLaw #271-OZ and municipalLaw #203-OZ district (raion), one of the sixteen in Tomsk Oblast, Russia. It is located in the southeastern central part of t ... of Tomsk Oblast {{SIA, populated places in Russia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Memorial Society
Memorial ( rus, Мемориал, p=mʲɪmərʲɪˈaɫ) is an international human rights organisation, founded in Russia during the fall of the Soviet Union to study and examine the human rights violations and other crimes committed under Joseph Stalin's reign. Prior to its dissolution in Russia, it consisted of two separate legal entities, Memorial International, whose purpose was the recording of the crimes against humanity committed in the Soviet Union, particularly during the Stalinist era, and the Memorial Human Rights Centre, which focused on the protection of human rights, especially in conflict zones in and around modern Russia. A movement rather than a centralized organization, as of December 2021 Memorial encompassed over 50 organisations in Russia and 11 in other countries, including Kazakhstan, Ukraine, Germany, Italy, Belgium and France. Although the focus of affiliated groups differs from region to region, they share similar concerns about human rights, documenting ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polish Operation Of The NKVD
The ''Polish Operation'' of the NKVD (Soviet security service) in 1937–1938 was an anti-Polish mass-ethnic cleansing operation of the NKVD carried out in the Soviet Union against Poles (labeled by the Soviets as "agents") during the period of the Great Purge. It was ordered by the Politburo of the Communist Party against the so-called "Polish spies" and customarily interpreted by the NKVD officials as relating to 'absolutely all Poles'. It resulted in the sentencing of 139,835 people, and summary executions of 111,091 Poles living in or near the Soviet Union. The operation was implemented according to NKVD Order No. 00485 signed by Nikolai Yezhov. The majority of the shooting victims were ethnically Polish, but not all, with some belonging to various minority groups from the Kresy macro-region, for instance, Ruthenians; these groups in the Soviet worldview had some element of Polish culture or heritage, and were therefore also "Polish". The remainder were 'suspected' of being ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Collectivization In The Soviet Union
The Soviet Union introduced the collectivization (russian: Коллективизация) of its agricultural sector between 1928 and 1940 during the ascension of Joseph Stalin. It began during and was part of the first five-year plan. The policy aimed to integrate individual landholdings and labour into collectively-controlled and state-controlled farms: ''Kolkhozes'' and ''Sovkhozes'' accordingly. The Soviet leadership confidently expected that the replacement of individual peasant farms by collective ones would immediately increase the food supply for the urban population, the supply of raw materials for the processing industry, and agricultural exports via state-imposed quotas on individuals working on collective farms. Planners regarded collectivization as the solution to the crisis of agricultural distribution (mainly in grain deliveries) that had developed from 1927. This problem became more acute as the Soviet Union pressed ahead with its ambitious industrializati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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