Behavioral Public Administration

	Behavioral Public Administration Behavioral Public Administration (BPA) is the study of psychological methods and findings in political administrative settings, that is, cognitive and decision biases and discriminations by bureaucrats, the interaction between citizens and bureaucrats, and the psychological effects of public service failure. It is the study of behaviors and methodology for administrative purposes. It attempts to better understand the cycle of causes and consequences after putting orders or laws into motion to govern or administrate one or many humans within a specific group. It is an interdisciplinary academic discipline that studies public administration "from the micro-level perspective of individual and group behavior and attitudes." Components of study Behavioral public administration has three main components: # It uses individuals and groups of citizens, employees, and managers within the public sector as units of analysis (or the framework in which the analysis will be conducted). # It emp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Biases Bias is a disproportionate weight ''in favor of'' or ''against'' an idea or thing, usually in a way that is closed-minded, prejudicial, or unfair. Biases can be innate or learned. People may develop biases for or against an individual, a group, or a belief. In science and engineering, a bias is a systematic error. Statistical bias results from an unfair sampling of a population, or from an estimation process that does not give accurate results on average. Etymology The word appears to derive from Old Provençal into Old French ''biais'', "sideways, askance, against the grain". Whence comes French ''biais'', "a slant, a slope, an oblique". It seems to have entered English via the game of bowls, where it referred to balls made with a greater weight on one side. Which expanded to the figurative use, "a one-sided tendency of the mind", and, at first especially in law, "undue propensity or prejudice". Types of bias Cognitive biases A cognitive bias is a repeating or basic miss ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	A Study Of Decision-Making Processes In Administrative Organization'' A, or a, is the first letter and the first vowel of the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, the alphabets of other western European languages and others worldwide. Its name in English is ''a'' (pronounced ), plural ''aes''. It is similar in shape to the Ancient Greek letter alpha, from which it derives. The uppercase version consists of the two slanting sides of a triangle, crossed in the middle by a horizontal bar. The lowercase version can be written in two forms: the double-storey a and single-storey ɑ. The latter is commonly used in handwriting and fonts based on it, especially fonts intended to be read by children, and is also found in italic type. In English grammar, " a", and its variant " an", are indefinite articles. History The earliest certain ancestor of "A" is aleph (also written 'aleph), the first letter of the Phoenician alphabet, which consisted entirely of consonants (for that reason, it is also called an abjad to distinguish it fro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]