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Bchira Ben Mrad
Bchira Ben Mrad (بشيرة بن مراد ;1993–1913) was a Tunisian women's rights activist. She founded and chaired the Muslim Union of Tunisian Women (UMFT) from 1936 to 1956. Biography She was born into an old Tunisian family of religious scholars (ulama), originally Ottoman, which dates back to Khodja Ali Al Hanafi, and Ottoman military imam of the army who came to Tunis for the battle conducted in 1574 at La Goulette against the army of Charles V. Bchira Ben Mrad was the daughter of Sheikh El Islam, Mohamed Salah Ben Mrad, and the granddaughter of a mufti of Tunis, Hmida Ben Mrad. Sallouha, her mother, is the daughter of another Sheikh El Islam, Mahmoud Belkhodja. Her father gave her and her sisters a traditional education and home tutoring provided by a family friend, the Sheikh Manachou. She married Ahmed Zahar. Activism After hearing a discussion between nationalist leaders on the dire situation of the country, attended notably by Mahmoud El Materi, Bchira Ben Mrad h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ulama
In Islam, the ''ulama'' (; ar, علماء ', singular ', "scholar", literally "the learned ones", also spelled ''ulema''; feminine: ''alimah'' ingularand ''aalimath'' lural are the guardians, transmitters, and interpreters of religious knowledge in Islam, including Islamic doctrine and law. By longstanding tradition, ulama are educated in religious institutions ''(madrasas)''. The Quran and sunnah (authentic hadith) are the scriptural sources of traditional Islamic law. Traditional way of education Students do not associate themselves with a specific educational institution, but rather seek to join renowned teachers. By tradition, a scholar who has completed his studies is approved by his teacher. At the teacher's individual discretion, the student is given the permission for teaching and for the issuing of legal opinions ''( fatwa)''. The official approval is known as the '' ijazat at-tadris wa 'l-ifta'' ("license to teach and issue legal opinions"). Through time, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
La Goulette
La Goulette (, it, La Goletta), in Arabic Halq al-Wadi ( '), is a municipality and the port of Tunis, Tunisia. La Goulette is located at around on a sandbar between Lake Tūnis and the Gulf of Tunis. The port, located 12km east of Tunis, is the point of convergence of Tunisia's major road and rail networks. La Goulette is linked to Tunis by the TGM railway and to Europe by a ferry service. Origin of the name The name derives from the "gullet" or "river's throat", a channel where the city is located, and not from the ship type schooner, called ''goélette'', ''gulet'', ''goleta'' or ''goletta'' in French, Turkish, Spanish and Italian. Transit activities In addition to its transit and cruise activities, the port of La Goulette also receives ships carrying homogeneous cargoes such as cars, bulk cereals. It handles a large portion of the country's imports and much of its exports (principally phosphates, iron ore, and fruits and vegetables). However, the development plan of t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor
Charles V, french: Charles Quint, it, Carlo V, nl, Karel V, ca, Carles V, la, Carolus V (24 February 1500 – 21 September 1558) was Holy Roman Emperor and Archduke of Austria from 1519 to 1556, King of Spain (Crown of Castile, Castile and Crown of Aragon, Aragon) from 1516 to 1556, and Lord of the Netherlands as titular Duke of Burgundy from 1506 to 1555. He was heir to and then head of the rising House of Habsburg during the first half of the 16th century, his dominions in Europe included the Holy Roman Empire, extending from Kingdom of Germany, Germany to Kingdom of Italy (Holy Roman Empire), northern Italy with direct rule over the Austrian hereditary lands and the Burgundian Low Countries, and Habsburg Spain, Spain with its southern Italy, southern Italian possessions of Kingdom of Naples, Naples, Kingdom of Sicily, Sicily, and Kingdom of Sardinia, Sardinia. He oversaw both the continuation of the long-lasting Spanish colonization of the Americas and the short-live ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mohamed Salah Ben Mrad
Mohamed Salah Ben Mrad (Arabic: محمد صلاح بن مراد), (1881–1979) was a Tunisian theologian, journalist and intellectual. In 1931 he published ''Mourning on Haddad's Woman'' (ﺍﻟﺤﺪﺍﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻣﺮأﺓ ﺍﻟﺤﺪﺍﺩ) objecting to the expanded rights for women which were advocated by Tahar Haddad in his book '' Our Women in the Sharia and Society'' published one year earlier. Biography Youth Born in the Medina of Tunis The Medina of Tunis is the medina quarter of Tunis, the capital of Tunisia. It has been a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1979. The Medina contains some 700 monuments, including palaces, mosques, mausoleums, madrasas and fountains dating from ... near the Tourbet el Bey, Mohamed Salah was the son of the Hanafi Bach-mufti, Sheikh H'mida Ben Mrad, a specialist in rhetoric and the elder brother of the sheikhs Neji (who served as qadi and mufti) and Brahim Ben Mrad (who served as imam, teacher at the Zaytuna, judge at the T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mahmoud El Materi
Mahmoud El Materi (December 1897 – December 13, 1972) was a Tunisian physician and politician. He was the first president and one of the founders of the Neo Destour. Biography Early life In his private journals, Mahmoud El Materi mentions that he does not know his exact date of birth. In fact, as his mother died during childbirth, he was entrusted to Baya Ben Jaafar, a close relative of the family, to raise him. Later, his aunt Fatouma and his older brother Ali took on the task, and raised him. He was born towards the end of December 1897. According to the historian Mounir Charfi, he was born on December 5, 1897. Coming from a Tunisian family with Greek and Turkish roots, Mahmoud El Materi was the child of Khadija Ferah and of Mokthar El Materi, chaouachi and imam at the El Ksar Mosque ( hanefite), who died months after the birth of his son. His grandfather Ahmed was a hanafite teacher at Al-Zaytuna University. Education Like most of the children by that time, he ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nabiha Ben Miled
Nabiha Ben Miled ( ar, نبيــهة بــن ميلاد, 4 March 1919-6 May 2009) was a pioneering Tunisian women's rights activist and nationalist. She was a leading voice in the press speaking for women's rights and Tunisian independence from French colonialism. She served as president of the Union of Tunisian Women from 1952 to 1963 and wrote articles in favor of Tunisia's independence. Early life Nabiha Ben Abdallah was born on 4 March 1919 in Tunis to Baya Bint Mahjoub and Othman Bin Abdallah. Her parents were part of the Tunisian bourgeoisie, and their ancestors had settled in Tunis in the nineteenth century. She attended Sidi Saber Primary School and had aspirations to become a teacher or a lawyer, but her father discouraged her from further studies after she graduated from primary school. At the age of fifteen, she married the doctor , who had been educated in France and was a leader in the Tunisian Communist Movement. Though her mother had insisted that she wear her hij ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Neo Destour
The New Constitutional Liberal Party ( ar, الحزب الحر الدستوري الجديد, '; French: ''Nouveau Parti libéral constitutionnel''), most commonly known as Neo Destour, was a Tunisian political party founded in 1934 by a group of Tunisian nationalist politicians during the French protectorate. It originated from a split with the Destour party. Led by Habib Bourguiba, Neo Destour became the ruling party upon Tunisian independence in 1956. In 1964, it was renamed the Socialist Destourian Party. History The party was formed as a result of a split from the pre-existing Destour party in 1934, during the Ksar Hellal Congress of March 2. Several leaders were particularly prominent during the party's early years before World War II: Habib Bourguiba, Mahmoud El Materi, Tahar Sfar, Bahri Guiga, and Salah ben Youssef. Prior to the split, a younger group of Destour members had alarmed the party elders by appealing directly to the populace through their more radical new ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Radhia Haddad
Radhia Haddad () (March 17, 1922 – October 20, 2003) was a Tunisian feminist activist, and former chairperson of the National Union of Tunisian Women for fifteen years. Biography Born Radhia Ben Ammar () on March 17, 1922, she was the daughter of Salah Ben Ammar. She grew up in a family of traditional Tunisian bourgeoisie intellectuals. She had her primary studies in French at the French School of Franceville, but, as a girl, she was forced by her parents to leave school at twelve years old after obtaining her primary school certificate. She later wrote that priority in education was given to the males in her family: complaining that "no sacrifice was deemed too great to facilitate the studies of my brothers". Nevertheless, she pursued Arabic language courses at home and learned a lot from her brother, the future politician and activist for human rights Hassib Ben Ammar, with whom she often discussed reading his college books. Radhia Haddad, compelled to wear the traditional ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fethia Mzali
Fethia Mokhtar Mzali ( ar, فتحيّة مزالي) (6 April 1927 – 12 February 2018) was a Tunisian teacher and politician who became one of the country's first two female ministers in 1983. Her husband, Mohammed Mzali served as the country's Head of Government of Tunisia, Prime Minister from 1980 to 1986. Early life and education Fethia Mokhtar was born on 6 April 1927 in Tunis. She attended primary school at a Muslim girls' school and then the Le Bardo, Bardo girls school. Her secondary schooling was interrupted by World War II, but completed in 1942 at Armand Fallières High School in Nérac in 1947. She obtained a degree in philosophy from the University of Paris, Sorbonne in Paris in 1952. Career Mzali was a teacher and then headmistress at the Teacher's College in Tunis. She was a member Destour and participated in the demonstrations from 1950–1955 that led to independence. In 1956, after Tunisian independence, Mzali was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1913 Births
Events January * January 5 – First Balkan War: Battle of Lemnos – Greek admiral Pavlos Kountouriotis forces the Turkish fleet to retreat to its base within the Dardanelles, from which it will not venture for the rest of the war. * January 13 – Edward Carson founds the (first) Ulster Volunteer Force, by unifying several existing loyalist militias to resist home rule for Ireland. * January 23 – 1913 Ottoman coup d'état: Ismail Enver comes to power. * January – Stalin (whose first article using this name is published this month) travels to Vienna to carry out research. Until he leaves on February 16 the city is home simultaneously to him, Hitler, Trotsky and Tito alongside Berg, Freud and Jung and Ludwig and Paul Wittgenstein. February * February 1 – New York City's Grand Central Terminal, having been rebuilt, reopens as the world's largest railroad station. * February 3 – The 16th Amendment to the United S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1993 Deaths
File:1993 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The Oslo I Accord is signed in an attempt to resolve the Israeli–Palestinian conflict; The Russian White House is shelled during the 1993 Russian constitutional crisis; Czechoslovakia is peacefully dissolved into the Czech Republic and Slovakia; In the United States, the ATF besieges a compound belonging to David Koresh and the Branch Davidians in a search for illegal weapons, which ends in the building being set alight and killing most inside; Eritrea gains independence; A major snow storm passes over the United States and Canada, leading to over 300 fatalities; Drug lord and narcoterrorist Pablo Escobar is killed by Colombian special forces; Ramzi Yousef and other Islamic terrorists detonate a truck bomb in the subterranean garage of the North Tower of the World Trade Center in the United States., 300x300px, thumb rect 0 0 200 200 Oslo I Accord rect 200 0 400 200 1993 Russian constitutional crisis rect 400 0 600 200 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
