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Battle Of Praça Da Sé
The Battle of Praça da Sé was a conflict between anti-fascism, anti-fascists and Brazilian Integralism, integralists in the center of the city of São Paulo on October 7, 1934. Brazilian Integralist Action (AIB) had scheduled a rally for that day to commemorate the two years of the ''Integralist Manifesto'', and, as soon as they learned of this intention, antifascists in São Paulo organized themselves to prevent the event from taking place. Although without centralized leadership, all the forces on the left of São Paulo took part in the conflict, which resulted in seven deaths - including an anti-fascist student, three Integralists, two police officers and a civil guard - and around thirty wounded. For the left, this event became a symbol of the anti-fascist struggle and against the reactionary elements of national politics. Combined with the identification of the body of the young militant Tobias Warchavski, the Battle of Praça da Sé triggered a political campaign against ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
São Paulo
São Paulo (, ; Portuguese for 'Saint Paul') is the most populous city in Brazil, and is the capital of the state of São Paulo, the most populous and wealthiest Brazilian state, located in the country's Southeast Region. Listed by the GaWC as an alpha global city, São Paulo is the most populous city proper in the Americas, the Western Hemisphere and the Southern Hemisphere, as well as the world's 4th largest city proper by population. Additionally, São Paulo is the largest Portuguese-speaking city in the world. It exerts strong international influences in commerce, finance, arts and entertainment. The city's name honors the Apostle, Saint Paul of Tarsus. The city's metropolitan area, the Greater São Paulo, ranks as the most populous in Brazil and the 12th most populous on Earth. The process of conurbation between the metropolitan areas around the Greater São Paulo (Campinas, Santos, Jundiaí, Sorocaba and São José dos Campos) created the São Paulo Macrometr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fascism In South America
Fascism in South America is an assortment of political parties and movements modelled on fascism. Although originating and primarily associated with Europe, the ideology crossed the Atlantic Ocean between the world wars and had an influence on South American politics. The original Italian fascism had deep impact in the region. Although the ideas of Falangism probably had the deepest impact in South America, largely due to Hispanidad, more generic fascism was also an important factor in regional politics. History The original Italian fascism had deep impact in the region: in 1934, at least six political parties in Latin America were based on Italy's National Fascist Party (including the Mexican goldshirts in North America, based on the Italian blackshirts); fascist corporatism served as a model for economic policies; several rulers, such as the first Argentinian dictators of the Infamous Decade and Getulio Vargas in the earlier part of the Vargas Era, were inspired by Benito Muss ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wall Street Crash Of 1929
The Wall Street Crash of 1929, also known as the Great Crash, was a major American stock market crash that occurred in the autumn of 1929. It started in September and ended late in October, when share prices on the New York Stock Exchange collapsed. It was the most devastating stock market crash in the history of the United States, when taking into consideration the full extent and duration of its aftereffects. The Great Crash is mostly associated with October 24, 1929, called ''Black Thursday'', the day of the largest sell-off of shares in U.S. history, and October 29, 1929, called ''Black Tuesday'', when investors traded some 16 million shares on the New York Stock Exchange in a single day. The crash, which followed the London Stock Exchange's crash of September, signaled the beginning of the Great Depression. Background The "Roaring Twenties", the decade following World War I that led to the crash, was a time of wealth and excess. Building on post-war optimism, rural Amer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Liberalism In Brazil
This article gives an overview of liberal parties in Brazil. It is limited to liberal parties with substantial support, mainly proved by having had a representation in parliament. The sign ⇒ means a reference to another party in that scheme. For inclusion in this scheme it isn't necessary so that parties labeled themselves as a liberal party. Introduction Liberalism was organized in Brazil since 1831 in a traditional way as the opposition to conservatism. With the republican revolution of 1889 organized liberalism disappeared. Some liberal parties were founded in twentieth century. Since 1966 liberalism was best represented by the Democratic Movement. After multi-partyism became a fact, more parties labeled themselves as liberal, but the word was used by moderate conservative forces. At the moment three parties name themselves liberal, but the Liberal Front Party (''Partido da Frente Liberal'') is a conservative party, member of the International Democrat Union. The Liberal Pa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brazilian Communist Uprising Of 1935
The Brazilian communist uprising of 1935 ( Portuguese: ''Intentona Comunista'') was a military revolt in Brazil led by Luís Carlos Prestes and leftist low-rank military against Getúlio Vargas's government on behalf of the National Liberation Alliance (Portuguese: ''Aliança Nacional Libertadora'', ANL). It took place in the cities of Natal, Recife, and the capital Rio de Janeiro between 23 and 27 November 1935. The uprising was supported by the Brazilian Communist Party (PCB), then called the Communist Party of Brazil, and the Communist International. Background In July 1934, with the approval of Brazil's new constitution and the election of Vargas, the country entered a period of constitutional normality, although no one was satisfied. President Getúlio Vargas declared himself against the constitutional regime despite his authoritative role. Other opposing factions within Brazil's politics shared his point of view that the new government was weak and thus began to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vargas Era
The Vargas Era (Portuguese: ''Era Vargas''; ) is the period in the history of Brazil between 1930 and 1945, when the country was governed by president Getúlio Vargas. The period from 1930 to 1937 is known as the Second Brazilian Republic, and the other part of Vargas Era, from 1937 until 1946 is known as the Third Brazilian Republic (or ''Estado Novo''). The Brazilian Revolution of 1930 marked the end of the First Brazilian Republic. President Washington Luís was deposed; the swearing-in of president-elect Júlio Prestes was blocked, on the grounds that the election had been rigged by his supporters; the 1891 Constitution was abrogated, the National Congress was dissolved and the provisional military junta ceded power to Vargas. Federal intervention in state governments increased and the political landscape was altered by suppressing the traditional oligarchies of São Paulo and Minas Gerais states. The Vargas Era comprises three successive phases: *the period of the Provi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tobias Warchavski
Tobias is the transliteration of the Greek which is a translation of the Hebrew biblical name he, טוֹבִיה, Toviyah, JahGod is good, label=none. With the biblical Book of Tobias being present in the Deuterocanon/ Apocrypha of the Bible, Tobias is a popular male given name for both Christians and Jews in English-speaking countries, German-speaking countries, the Low Countries, and Scandinavian countries. In English-speaking countries, it is often shortened to Toby. In German, this name appears as Tobias or Tobi; in French as Tobie; and in Swedish as Tobias or Tobbe. Tobias has also been a surname. In other languages * Danish, Norwegian, German, Dutch, Swedish, Portuguese: Tobias * Amharic: ጦቢያ (T’obīya) * Catalan: Tobies * Czech: Tobiáš, Tobias * Croatian: Tobijaš * Finnish: Topias, Topi * French: Tobie * Greek: Τωβίας ''(Tobías)'' * Hebrew: Tovia, Tuvya * Hungarian: Tóbiás * Italian: Tobia (name) * Lithuanian: Tobijas * Polis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brazilian Integralism
Brazilian Integralism ( pt, integralismo) was a political movement in Brazil, created in October 1932. Founded and led by Plínio Salgado, a literary figure who was somewhat famous for his participation in the 1922 Modern Art Week. The movement had adopted some characteristics of European mass movements of those times, specifically of Italian fascism, but distancing itself from Nazism because Salgado himself did not support racism. He believed that every person of every race should unite under the Integralist flag. Despite the movement's slogan "Union of all races and all peoples", members and leaders like Gustavo Barroso held anti-Semitic views. The name of the party created to support its doctrine was Brazilian Integralist Action ( pt, Ação Integralista Brasileira, AIB). The reference to Integralism mirrored a traditionalist movement in Portugal, the Lusitanian Integralism. For its symbol, the AIB used a flag with a white disk on a royal blue background, with an uppercase sig ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anti-fascism
Anti-fascism is a political movement in opposition to fascist ideologies, groups and individuals. Beginning in European countries in the 1920s, it was at its most significant shortly before and during World War II, where the Axis powers were opposed by many countries forming the Allies of World War II and dozens of resistance movements worldwide. Anti-fascism has been an element of movements across the political spectrum and holding many different political positions such as anarchism, communism, pacifism, republicanism, social democracy, socialism and syndicalism as well as centrist, conservative, liberal and nationalist viewpoints. Fascism, a far-right ultra-nationalistic ideology best known for its use by the Italian Fascists and the Nazis, became prominent beginning in the 1910s while organization against fascism began around 1920. Fascism became the state ideology of Italy in 1922 and of Germany in 1933, spurring a large increase in anti-fascist action, including Germa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Valdomiro Castilho De Lima
Valdomiro Castilho de Lima (January 15, 1873 – 1938) was a Brazilian soldier and politician. Biography He was born in Rio Grande do Sul. He began his military career in the regiment of the border Garrison of missions in 1890. Later, he attended the School of Shooting and Tactics of Rio Pardo. He participated in the Federalist Revolution of 1893 alongside loyalist forces, and in 1898, he joined the military school of Red Beach in Rio de Janeiro. In 1904, he was elected State representative for Rio Grande do Sul and consecutively reelected until 1913. After his tenure in the Legislative Council, he returned to the army. In 1920, he enrolled in the School of Staff of the Army. Taking command of the 3rd Infantry Regiment in Red Beach, he arrived to quell the first tenentistas of the 1920 uprisings. However, he became sympathetic to the cause, was reformed and arrested, and remained in this position from 1923 to 1925. In 1929, he joined the Liberal Alliance. In the Brazilian Re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Augusto Inácio Do Espírito Santo Cardoso
Augusto Ignácio do Espírito Santo Cardoso (1867-1947) was a Brazilian general who was a primary commander during the Constitutionalist Revolution that served for the Second Brazilian Republic. Biography Augusto was the father of General Dulcídio do Espírito Santo Cardoso and Marshal Ciro do Espírito Santo Cardoso, he was brother of General Joaquim Ignácio Baptista Cardoso and great-uncle of former President Fernando Henrique Cardoso. He enlisted in the Imperial Brazilian Army on 1884 in the cavalry course at the and became an ensign in 1890. Afterwards, under the command of Major Marciano de Magalhães, he marched on foot to the neighborhood from Botafogo and, from there in donkey-drawn trams, to Campo de Santana, along with other companions to overthrow the Cabinet of the Viscount of Ouro Preto, following the Proclamation of the Republic in 1889. He was promoted to captain in 1906, major in 1912, lieutenant colonel in 1917 and to a full colonel in 1919. He was then ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
