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Battle Of Orynin
The Battle of Orynin took place on 28 September 1618. Polish forces under Hetmans Stanislaw Zolkiewski and Stanislaw Koniecpolski faced Crimean Tatars from Budjak, commanded by Khan Temir. The battle took place near Orynin in Podolia: after one day of battle, the Tatars bypassed the Poles, taking advantage of internal divisions within the Polish camp, and headed northwards, ransacking the southeastern corner of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. As a result of their raid, a number of towns and villages in Podole Voivodeship, Ruthenian Voivodeship, Braclaw Voivodeship, and Volhynian Voivodeship (1569–1795), Volhynia Voivodeship were burned to the ground, and their residents taken into slavery. History The Polish government was aware of Ottoman plans for an invasion into the Commonwealth. Apart from Crimean and Budjak Tatars, in spring 1618, the main Turkish forces concentrated along the border. To face the invaders, a Polish army consisting of pospolite ruszenie, wojsko kwarci ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hetman
( uk, гетьман, translit=het'man) is a political title from Central and Eastern Europe, historically assigned to military commanders. Used by the Czechs in Bohemia since the 15th century. It was the title of the second-highest military commander in the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania from the 16th to 18th centuries. Throughout much of the history of Romania and the Moldavia, hetmans were the second-highest army rank. In the modern Czech Republic the title is used for regional governors. Etymology The term ''hetman'' was a Polish borrowing, probably from the German – captain or a borrowing of the comparable Turkic title ''ataman'' (literally 'father of horsemen'). Hetmans of Poland and Lithuania The Polish title ''Grand Crown Hetman'' ( pl, hetman wielki koronny) dates from 1505. The title of ''Hetman'' was given to the leader of the Polish Army. Until 1581 the hetman position existed only during specific campaigns and wars. After tha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kamieniec Podolski
Kamianets-Podilskyi ( uk, Ка́м'яне́ць-Поді́льський, russian: Каменец-Подольский, Kamenets-Podolskiy, pl, Kamieniec Podolski, ro, Camenița, yi, קאַמענעץ־פּאָדאָלסק / קאַמעניץ, Kamenetz-Podolsk / Kamenitz) is a city on the Smotrych River in western Ukraine, to the north-east of Chernivtsi. Formerly the administrative center of the Khmelnytskyi Oblast, the city is now the administrative center of the Kamianets-Podilskyi district within the Khmelnytskyi province. It hosts the administration of Kamianets-Podilskyi urban hromada. Current population has been estimated as In 1919–1920, during the unfolding Ukrainian–Soviet War, the city officially served as the temporary capital of the Ukrainian People's Republic. Name The first part of the city's dual name originates from ' ( uk, камiнь) or ', meaning 'stone' in Old Slavic. The second part of its name relates to the historic region of Podolia ( uk, По ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Krzysztof Zbaraski
Prince Krzysztof Zbaraski ( pl, Krzysztof Zbaraski, uk, Христофор Збаразький, 1580 – 6 March 1627) was a Polish–Lithuanian member of the gentry social class (''szlachta''). During his life he was a Master of the Stables of the Crown (or '' koniuszy koronny''), a member of special committee for Cossacks and tariffs, a skilled diplomat, and a politician of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. He was Starost of Kremenets, Wiślica, Hrubieszów and Bolesławiec. Zbaraski served as Commonwealth ambassador to the Ottoman Empire from 1622 to 1624. His diplomatic mission's entry to Constantinople was famous for its display of wealth. Zbaraski paid most of the mission's costs. For 30,000 talars, the mission ransomed prisoners from battle of Cecora, including Stanisław Koniecpolski. The mission was described in 1633 in the diary of the mission's secretary, Samuel Twardowski ''Przewazna legacja JO Ksiazecia Krzysztofa Zbaraskiego (''The Important Mission of His ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Janusz Ostrogski
Prince Janusz Ostrogski () (1554 – 17 September 1620 in Tarnów) was a Polish-Lithuanian noble and statesman. He served as a voivode of Volhyn (1584-1593), as a castellan of Kraków (from 1593 on), and as a starosta of Bohuslav (from 1591), Biała Cerkiew (since 1592), Czerkasy and Kaniów (from 1594), Perejasław (1604 on) and Włodzimierz. Ostrogski was one of the richest magnates of the Commonwealth, and the last of the male line of his family. Upon his death his estate passed to the Zasławskis. Biography Janusz was of the princely Ostrogski family, the son of Konstanty Wasyl Ostrogski and Sophie née Tarnowski. He had four siblings; brothers Aleksander and Konstanty and sisters Katarzyna and Elzbieta. He spent his early childhood in Dubno, and then lived at the court of Holy Roman Emperor in Vienna. In 1579 he converted from Orthodoxy to Roman Catholicism. In 1577, he led the defense of Dubno against the Tatars. During the Livonian War in 1579, he participated in m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tomasz Zamoyski
Tomasz Zamoyski (1594 – 7 January 1638) was a Polish-Lithuanian nobleman (szlachcic The ''szlachta'' (Polish: endonym, Lithuanian: šlėkta) were the noble estate of the realm in the Kingdom of Poland, the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth who, as a class, had the dominating position in th ...) and magnate. He travelled to London in July 1615 and was invited to hunt with James VI and I, King James at Theobalds House, Theobalds. The master of ceremonies at the English court Lewis Lewknor hired two coaches with four horses each to bring Zamoyski to audiences with the King, Anne of Denmark, and Charles I of England, Prince Charles.''HMC Laing Manuscripts in the University of Edinburgh'', vol. 1 (London, 1914), p. 145. Tomasz was the 2nd Ordynat of the Zamość estates. He was voivode of Podole Voivodeship in 1618, voivode of Kijów Voivodeship (Kyiv, also Kiev) in 1619, starost of Kraków in 1628, Deputy Chancellor of the Crown in 1635, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pokucie
Pokuttia, also known as Pokuttya or Pokutia ( uk, Покуття, Pokuttya; pl, Pokucie; german: Pokutien; ro, Pocuția), is a historical area of East-Central Europe, situated between the Dniester and Cheremosh rivers and the Carpathian Mountains, in the southwestern part of modern Ukraine. Part of the Antean tribal alliance since the 4th century, it joined Kievan Rus' in the 10th century, and was eventually annexed by Poland in the 14th century. The region was involved in a series of wars between Poland and Moldavia, which ceased with the death of Petru Rareș, who failed to conquer the region on two occasions (1531, 1535). A last attempt to seize Pokuttia was made by John III the Terrible in 1572. At times, Polish rule caused discontent among Pokuttians. Many of them were captured and resettled to Moldavia, where they reinforced the Ukrainian element in the country. In the 1490s, a rebellion was started by Petro Mukha, only to be suppressed by 1492. The region remained under P ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Canibek Giray
Canibek or Janibek Giray (1568–1636, reigned 1610–23, 1628–1635) was twice khan of the Crimean Khanate. During his first reign he fought for the Turks in Persia and Poland. He proved a poor commander and had difficulty making his men obey. He was removed by the Turks in 1623. In the following year the Turks tried to restore him and failed. During his second reign there were raids on Poland and Russia. The Turks again removed him and he died in exile. Chronology: 1588: born, 1609: raids Muscovy, 1610: becomes khan, 1615: raids Poland, 1617: fights Persians while brother fights Poles, 1618: in Istanbul. 1621: fights Poles, 1623: deposed by Turks, 1624: Turks try to restore him, 1628: restored, 1635: deposed by Turks, 1636: dies in exile. His younger brother was one of the many people named Devlet Giray. His father was Shakai Mubarek, one of the many sons of Devlet I Giray (1550–77), five of whom had been khans in the period 1577 to 1608. Since his father was not a khan h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prut
The Prut (also spelled in English as Pruth; , uk, Прут) is a long river in Eastern Europe. It is a left tributary of the Danube. In part of its course it forms Romania's border with Moldova and Ukraine. Characteristics The Prut originates on the eastern slope of Mount Hoverla, in the Carpathian Mountains in Ukraine (Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast). At first, the river flows to the north. Near Yaremche it turns to the northeast, and near Kolomyia to the south-east. Having reached the border between Moldova and Romania, it turns even more to the south-east, and then to the south. It eventually joins the Danube near Giurgiulești, east of Galați and west of Reni, Ukraine, Reni. Between 1918 and 1939, the river was partly in Poland and partly in Greater Romania (Romanian: ''România Mare''). Prior to World War I, it served as a border between Romania and the Russian Empire. After World War II, the river once again denoted a border, this time between Romania and the Soviet Union. Nowa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zaporozhian Cossacks
The Zaporozhian Cossacks, Zaporozhian Cossack Army, Zaporozhian Host, (, or uk, Військо Запорізьке, translit=Viisko Zaporizke, translit-std=ungegn, label=none) or simply Zaporozhians ( uk, Запорожці, translit=Zaporozhtsi, translit-std=ungegn) were Cossacks who lived beyond (that is, downstream from) the Dnieper Rapids, the land also known historically as the Wild Fields in what is today central and eastern Ukraine. Much of this territory is now flooded by the waters of the Kakhovka Reservoir. The Zaporozhian Sich grew rapidly in the 15th century from serfs fleeing the more controlled parts of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. It became established as a well-respected political entity with a parliamentary system of government. During the course of the 16th, 17th and well into the 18th century, the Zaporozhian Cossacks were a strong political and military force that challenged the authority of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, the Tsardom of Ru ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ostrogski
The House of Ostrogski ( pl, Ostrogscy, lt, Ostrogiškiai, ua, Острозькі - ''Ostroz'ki'') was one of the more prominent families in the Kingdom of Poland, the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. The family was of Ruthenian origin, founded by the 14th century noble Danylo Ostrogski, who took his name from the historic city of Ostroh in contemporary Ukraine. After the death in 1620 of Janusz Ostrogski, the last male heir, most of the family's possessions passed to the Zasławski family. History The Ostrogski family was most likely of Rurikid stock and descended from Sviatopolk II of Kiev. Some scholars however claim that their descent is from the Galicia-Volhynia line of the Rurikid dynasty. Vasilko Romanovich (c.1256-1282), Prince of Slonim, may have been the grandfather of Prince Daniel Ostrogski. The probable progenitor of this family was Prince Danylo Dmytrovych (''or Danylo Wasilijewicz''), who received Ostroh from Liubartas, K ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tarnowski Family
The House of Tarnowski (plural: Tarnowscy) is the name of a Polish noble and aristocratic family (see: Szlachta). Because Polish adjectives have different forms for the genders, Tarnowska is the form for a female family member. History The Tarnowski family was one of the oldest and most powerful magnate families in Poland. It reached its apex in the 14th, 15th and the 16th centuries, when members of the Tarnów, Melsztyn and later Jarosław branches held prominent positions beside the Piast and Jagiellon kings of Poland. From father to son, the Tarnowski family held ten times the office of voivode of Kraków Voivodeship and six times the office of castellan of Kraków. The history of the family started with the trusted advisor of the last Piast kings Comes Spytek z Melsztyna, the progenitor of the Tarnowski-Melsztyński-Jarosławski family. By 1320 he held the office of voivode of Krakow, and from 1331 the highest secular office in the Kingdom of Poland, castellan of Kr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zamoyski
The House of Zamoyski (plural: Zamoyscy) is the name of an important Polish noble (szlachta) family, which used the Jelita coat of arms. It is the Polish term for "de Zamość" (Polish "z Zamościa"), the name they originally held as lords of Zamość. The family was influential in Polish politics for several centuries, and its members held various official titles, including those of Count and Countess. Family history The family traces its origins to the Łaźniński family. In the 15th century, Tomasz Łaźniński bought an estate in Stary (Old) Zamość. His sons Florian (died 1510) and Maciej assumed the name Zamoyski, and the family began to rise in prominence. Florian’s grandson Stanisław was the castellan of Chełm, and his son, Jan Zamoyski, arguably the most famous member of the family, became a chancellor, hetman, and founded the Zamoyski's Ordynat - a large estate that was a major source of the family's wealth. He was the 1st Ordynat of the Zamoyski Family Fee Tail. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
