|
Battle Of Mansurah (1221)
The battle of Mansurah took place from 26–28 August 1221 near the Egyptian city of Mansoura, Egypt, Mansurah and was the final battle in the Fifth Crusade (1217–1221). It pitted the Crusader forces under papal legate Pelagius Galvani and John of Brienne, king of Jerusalem, against the Ayyubid forces of the sultan al-Kamil. The result was a decisive victory for the Egyptians and forced the surrender of the Crusaders and their departure from Egypt. Background The Fifth Crusade began as a campaign by Western Europeans to reacquire Jerusalem and the rest of the Holy Land by first conquering Egypt, ruled by the powerful Ayyubid sultanate. With some minor skirmishes in Syria in 1217 led by Andrew II of Hungary proving inconclusive, the Crusade turned to Egypt. Cardinal Pelagius Galvani arrived as papal legate and ''de facto'' leader of the Crusade, supported by John of Brienne and the masters of the Templars, Hospitallers and Teutonic Knights. The first major action in the Egyptian ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Crusades
The Crusades were a series of religious wars initiated, supported, and sometimes directed by the Latin Church in the medieval period. The best known of these Crusades are those to the Holy Land in the period between 1095 and 1291 that were intended to recover Holy Land, Jerusalem and its surrounding area from Muslim conquests, Islamic rule. Beginning with the First Crusade, which resulted in the recovery of Jerusalem in 1099, dozens of Crusades were fought, providing a focal point of European history for centuries. In 1095, Pope Pope Urban II, Urban II proclaimed the First Crusade at the Council of Clermont. He encouraged military support for List of Byzantine emperors, Byzantine emperor Alexios I Komnenos, AlexiosI against the Seljuk Empire, Seljuk Turks and called for an armed pilgrimage to Jerusalem. Across all social strata in western Europe, there was an enthusiastic response. The first Crusaders had a variety of motivations, including religious salvation, satisfying feud ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ayyubid
The Ayyubid dynasty ( ar, الأيوبيون '; ) was the founding dynasty of the medieval Sultan of Egypt, Sultanate of Egypt established by Saladin in 1171, following his abolition of the Fatimid Caliphate, Fatimid Caliphate of Egypt. A Sunni Muslim of Kurds, Kurdish origin, Saladin had originally served Nur ad-Din (died 1174), Nur ad-Din of Syria, leading Nur ad-Din's army in battle against the Crusaders in Fatimid Egypt, where he was made Vizier. Following Nur ad-Din's death, Saladin was proclaimed as the first Sultan of Egypt, and rapidly expanded the new sultanate beyond the frontiers of Egypt to encompass most of the Levant (including the former territories of Nur ad-Din), in addition to Hijaz, Yemen, northern Nubia, Tripolitania, Tarabulus, Cyrenaica, southern Anatolia, and northern Iraq, the homeland of his Kurdish family. By virtue of his sultanate including Hijaz, the location of the Islamic holy cities of Mecca and Medina, he was the first ruler to be hailed as the Cus ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Henry, Count Of Malta
Henry, known as Enrico Pescatore (i.e., the fisherman), was a Genoese adventurer, privateer and pirate active in the Mediterranean at the beginning of the thirteenth century. His real name is said to have been Erico or Arrigo di Castro or del Castello di Candia. The title Count of Malta was created by Tancred of Sicily some years before, for Margaritus of Brindisi and then was taken over by Emperor Henry VI, Tancred's opponent in Southern Italy and Sicily. Henry’s irregular acquisition of the title is attributed to his relationship as son-in-law to the previous holder, Guglielmo Grasso, Henry VI's and then Emperor Frederick II’s admiral, around 1204. From 1206, Pescatore took control of large parts of Crete. After the dissolution of the Byzantine Empire by the Fourth Crusade, the island of Crete was initially allotted to Boniface of Montferrat, who soon accepted an offer from Enrico Dandolo and sold his rights to Venice. As Venice was not prepared to enforce her control over th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alice Of Champagne
Alice of Champagne (french: Alix; 1193 – 1246) was the queen consort of Cyprus from 1210 to 1218, regent of Cyprus from 1218 to 1223, and of Jerusalem from 1243 to 1246. She was the eldest daughter of Queen Isabella I of Jerusalem and Count Henry II of Champagne. In 1210, Alice married her step-brother King Hugh I of Cyprus, receiving the County of Jaffa as dowry. After her husband's death in 1218, she assumed the regency for their infant son, King Henry I. In time, she began seeking contacts within her father's counties in France to bolster her claim to Champagne and Brie against her cousin, Theobald IV. However, the kings of France never acknowledged her claim. After a dispute with Philip of Ibelin, ''bailli'' of Cyprus in 1223, she left the island. She married Bohemond, heir apparent to the Principality of Antioch and the County of Tripoli, but their marriage was annulled because of kinship. She laid claim to the Kingdom of Jerusalem against the infant Conrad (the son of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ashmun Al-Rumman
Ashmun al-Rumman ( ar, اشمون الرمان ', cop, ϣⲙⲟⲩⲛ ⲉⲣⲙⲁⲛ ') is a village in the markaz of Dekernes in Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt. Known in classical antiquity as Zmoumis ( grc, Ζμουμις) and in the Islamic Middle Ages as Ushmum-Tannah, Ashmun al-Rumman was formerly a major city, serving as a provincial capital. Name Ashmun al-Rumman was known anciently as ''Zmoumis'' ( grc, Ζμουμις). The Coptic name of the city is ''Shmoun Erman'' ((ϣⲙⲟⲩⲛ ⲉⲣⲙⲁⲛ). In the middle ages, before acquiring its current epithet, the city was called Ushmum-Tannah ( ar, اشمون طنّاح '). The first author to use the present name was Abu'l-Fida, who wrote it as ''Ushmūm ar-Rummān'', or "Ushmum of the pomegranates". The name was commonly pronounced ''Ushmūn'' in everyday speech during this period. History Ancient Zmoumis was located in the Mendesian nome, in the toparchy of Phernouphites. In the second half of the 2nd century C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sheremsah
Sheremsah () is a village on the Nile in the governorate of Damietta. Its name goes back to the ancient Egyptian language. It was used as a camp during the Seventh Crusade. Its name was mentioned in several books such as: * Wa Islamah, a historical novel by Ali Ahmad Bakathir. * Al-Khotat, a book about history and geography of Egypt by Al-maqurizi. * The Personality of Egypt, A book about the geography of Egypt, by Dr. Gamal Hemdan. Famous personalities * Ibrahim "bey" El-Zohairy, Member of the first Egyptian parliament in 1923. * Hamza "bey" El-Zohairy. * Abbas El-Zohairy. * Ahmed El-Zohairy. * Adel El-Zohairy. * Basem El-Zohairy. * Haytham El-Zohairy Haytham or Haitham (Arabic: هيثم, Hebrew: הייתם, Syriac/Assyrian-Aramaic: ܗܝܬܡ ''pronounced: hay-tham'') is a male Semitic given name with Arabic origins meaning "young eagle" or "young hawk". It is highly popular among Middle Easter .... * Amr El-Zohairy Populated places in Damietta Governorate Villages in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prester John
Prester John ( la, Presbyter Ioannes) was a legendary Christian patriarch, presbyter, and king. Stories popular in Europe in the 12th to the 17th centuries told of a Nestorian patriarch and king who was said to rule over a Christian nation lost amid the pagans and Muslims in the Orient. The accounts were often embellished with various tropes of medieval popular fantasy, depicting Prester John as a descendant of the Three Magi, ruling a kingdom full of riches, marvels, and strange creatures. At first, Prester John was imagined to reside in India. Tales of the Nestorian Christians' evangelistic success there and of Thomas the Apostle's subcontinental travels as documented in works like the ''Acts of Thomas'' probably provided the first seeds of the legend. After the coming of the Mongols to the Western world, accounts placed the king in Central Asia, and eventually Portuguese explorers came to believe that the term was a reference to Ethiopia, by which time it had been an isolated C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Prester John
The ''Catholic Encyclopedia: An International Work of Reference on the Constitution, Doctrine, Discipline, and History of the Catholic Church'' (also referred to as the ''Old Catholic Encyclopedia'' and the ''Original Catholic Encyclopedia'') is an English-language encyclopedia published in the United States and designed to serve the Catholic Church. The first volume appeared in March 1907 and the last three volumes appeared in 1912, followed by a master index volume in 1914 and later supplementary volumes. It was designed "to give its readers full and authoritative information on the entire cycle of Catholic interests, action and doctrine". The ''Catholic Encyclopedia'' was published by the Robert Appleton Company (RAC), a publishing company incorporated at New York in February 1905 for the express purpose of publishing the encyclopedia. The five members of the encyclopedia's Editorial Board also served as the directors of the company. In 1912 the company's name was changed to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ulrich II (bishop Of Passau)
Ulrich II (died 31 October 1221) was the 34th Bishop of Passau from 1215 and the first prince-bishop from 1217. The Bischof-Ulrich-Straße in Passau is named after him. Ulrich was the priest of the parish of Falkenstein before serving in the chancellery of Leopold V of Austria from 1193. He then became a skilled protonotary in 1214 to Bishop Manegold of Passau.Lechner 1976, pp. 203–05. On 21 January 1217 Ulrich was given Ilzgau by the Emperor Frederick II to hold as a banner-fief. Thus, the Emperor made him the first Prince-Bishop of the Bishopric of Passau. Ulrich II and his successors were thus henceforth rich princes ''ex officio''. At the end of June, 1217, Bishop Ulrich inaugurated in a large feast day the first four altars of Lilienfeld Abbey. In 1219, Ulrich II allowed himself to erect on Georgsberg a castle, the Veste Oberhaus. He also founded several monasteries in the eastern part of the diocese. Ulrich died on 31 October 1221 on the Fifth Crusade in Damietta, Egypt ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Louis I, Duke Of Bavaria
Louis I (german: Ludwig; 23 December 1173 – 15 September 1231), called the Kelheimer or of Kelheim, since he was born and died at Kelheim, was the Duke of Bavaria from 1183 and Count Palatine of the Rhine from 1214. He was a son of Otto I and his wife Agnes of Loon. Louis was married to Ludmilla, a daughter of Duke Frederick of Bohemia. Life Early years Soon after his father's death in 1183, Louis was appointed under the guardianship of his uncle Conrad of Wittelsbach and Emperor Frederick Barbarossa. His mother, Agnes, an energetic and enterprising leader, had taken over the regency of Bavaria in the meantime, securing her son's inheritance. Upon his coming-of-age, in 1189, at sixteen years old, at the beginning of his reign, he had already fallen in the midst of a conflict which triggered the nearly simultaneous extinction of the Burgrave of Regensburg and the Count of Sulzbach in the years 1188 and 1189. This allowed Barbarossa to expand his royal domains within the Emp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Faraskur
Faraskur ( ar, فارسكور) is a city in Damietta Governorate, Egypt. Before the 1952 revolution it was a part of Dakahlia Governorate. Notable people *Riad Al Sunbati See also *Battle of Fariskur (1219), during the Fifth Crusade *Battle of Fariskur (1250) The Battle of Fariskur was the last major battle of the Seventh Crusade. The battle was fought on 8 April 1250, between the Crusaders led by King Louis IX of France (later Saint Louis) and Egyptian forces led by Turanshah of the Ayyubid dynas ..., during the Seventh Crusade Populated places in Damietta Governorate {{egypt-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Al-Adil I
Al-Adil I ( ar, العادل, in full al-Malik al-Adil Sayf ad-Din Abu-Bakr Ahmed ibn Najm ad-Din Ayyub, ar, الملك العادل سيف الدين أبو بكر بن أيوب, "Ahmed, son of Najm ad-Din Ayyub, father of Bakr, the Just King, Sword of the Faith"; 1145 – 31 August 1218) was the fourth Sultan of Egypt and Syria, and brother of Saladin, who founded both the Sultanate of Egypt, and the Ayyubid dynasty. He was known to the Crusaders as Saphadin (derived from his ''laqab'' or honorific title Sayf ad-Din, meaning "Sword of Faith"), a name by which he is still known in the Western world. A gifted and effective administrator and organizer, Al-Adil provided crucial military and civilian support for the great campaigns of Saladin (an early example of a great minister of war). He was also a capable general and strategist in his own right, and was instrumental in the transformation of the decayed Fatimid Caliphate of Cairo into the Ayyubid Sultanate of Egypt. Fa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
