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Battle Of Kraśnik
The Battle of Kraśnik started on August 23, 1914, in the province of Galicia and the adjacent areas across the border in the Russian Empire, in northern Austria (in present-day Poland), and ended two days later. The Austro-Hungarian First Army defeated the Russian Fourth Army. It was the first victory by Austria-Hungary in World War I. As a result, the First Army's commander, General Viktor Dankl, was (briefly) lauded as a national hero for his success. The battle was also the first of a series of engagements between Austria-Hungary and Russia all along the Galicia front. Initial deployment According to Prit Buttar, "The Austro-Hungarian empire, whose conflict with Serbia lay at the heart of the tensions that plunged the continent into war, initially intended to strike a swift blow against Serbia before the Russians could complete mobilisation...when hostilities did begin, Conrad and his colleagues found themselves coerced by Germany to alter their plans and attack Russia. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eastern Front (World War I)
The Eastern Front or Eastern Theater of World War I (german: Ostfront; ro, Frontul de răsărit; russian: Восточный фронт, Vostochny front) was a theater (warfare), theater of operations that encompassed at its greatest extent the entire frontier between Russian Empire, Russia and Kingdom of Romania, Romania on one side and Austria-Hungary, Kingdom of Bulgaria, Bulgaria, the Ottoman Empire, Ottoman Empire, and German Empire, Germany on the other. It stretched from the Baltic Sea in the north to the Black Sea in the south, involved most of Eastern Europe, and stretched deep into Central Europe as well. The term contrasts with "Western Front (World War I), Western Front", which was being fought in Belgium and French Third Republic, France. During 1910, Russian General Yuri Danilov developed "Plan 19" under which four armies would invade East Prussia. This plan was criticised as Austria-Hungary could be a greater threat than the German Empire. So instead of four arm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Przemyśl Fortress
Przemyśl fortress ( pl, Twierdza Przemyśl) was a series of fortifications constructed at Przemyśl by the Austro-Hungarian Empire from the mid 19th century until the First World War. It was constructed in sections, depending on the diplomatic relations between Austria and the Russian Empire, and saw extensive combat during World War I.Idzikowski, Tom''The History of The Fortress of Przemyśl''retrieved March 21, 2008 Originally captured by the Russian Army, it was recaptured by the German Army in mid-1915. Afterwards the ruined fortifications lost their military significance. History Construction The initial construction plans for 41 entrenchments were drawn up at the beginning of the 19th century; however, good relations between Austria and the Russian Empire, meant that construction did not go ahead until 1854, with the outbreak of the Crimean War. Nineteen of the 41 entrenchments were completed, with nine more under construction when relations again improved in 1855, and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anton Yegorovich Von Saltza
Baron Anton Yegorovich Zaltsa (, tr. ; 22 October 18439 February 1916), better known as Baron Anton Yegorovich von Saltza, was a Russian general of Baltic German origin who was the commander of the Kazan Military District, he was also one of the commanders of the Russian Army during the early stages of First World War. Biography Saltza was born on 22 October 1843 in Luga, in the Saint Petersburg Governorate, to the Baltic German von Saltza family of Senator Baron Georg Reinhold Frommhold von Saltza and a Russian woman Alexandra Brosina. Upon graduation in 1862, he was enlisted into a Life-Guards 4th The Imperial Family’s Battalion, which led him into the suppression of the Polish uprising. After the uprising, he was awarded the Order of St. Stanislaus of the 3rd degree and the Order of St. Anna of the 4th degree with the inscription “For Bravery”. In late August 1867, Saltza was promoted to second-lieutenant, first-lieutenant in mid-April 1869. And in late August 1874 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nikolai Iudovich Ivanov
Nikolai Iudovich Ivanov (russian: Никола́й Иу́дович Ива́нов, tr. ; 1851 – 27 January 1919) was a Russian artillery general in the Imperial Russian Army. Family Ivanov's family origin was debatable, some sources say that Ivanov came from a noble family originated from the Kaluga Governorate, but other sources told that he was the son of a cantonist. Despite all of these sources about his family, the true identity of where his family originated from is still a mystery. Early life Ivanov was born on 22 July 1851 (based on the old calendar at use in the Russian Empire at that time), in Mosalsk in the Kaluga Governorate. He attended the 2nd Cadet Corps and the Pavlovsky Cadet Corps in St. Petersburg at an early age, and graduated from the Mikhailovsky Artillery School in 1869, and served in the 3rd Grenadier Guards and artillery brigades. He first saw action during the Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878), and was promoted to colonel in mid August 1877. Af ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Southwestern Front (Russian Empire)
The Southwestern Front (russian: Юго-Западный фронт) was an army group of the Imperial Russian Army during World War I. During the conflict it was responsible for managing operations along a front line that stretched 615 kilometers, from what is now southern Belarus to northern Romania, and took part in such operations as the Battle of Galicia and the Brusilov Offensive. It was established in August 1914 and lasted throughout the war until the unrest caused by the Russian Revolution, at which point it was demobilized along with the rest of the Russian Army in early 1918. In total some two million troops had been under its command. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Serbian Campaign
The Serbian campaign was a series of military expeditions launched in 1914 and 1915 by the Central Powers against the Kingdom of Serbia during the First World War. The first campaign began after Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia on July Crisis, 28 July 1914. The campaign to "punish" Serbia was under the command of Austrian Oskar Potiorek. It ended after three unsuccessful Austro-Hungarian invasion attempts were repelled by the Serbians and their Kingdom of Montenegro, Montenegrin allies. The victory of the Serbian Army at the battle of Cer is considered the first Allies of World War I, Allied victory in World War I, while the defeat of the Austro-Hungarian Army by Serbia has been called one of the great upsets of modern military history. The second campaign was launched, under German Empire, German command, almost a year later, on 6 October 1915, when Kingdom of Bulgaria, Bulgarian, Austro-Hungarian, and German forces, led by Field Marshal August von Mackensen, succes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eduard Von Böhm-Ermolli
Eduard Freiherr von Böhm-Ermolli (12 February 1856 – 9 December 1941) was an Austrian General officer, general during World War I who rose to the rank of field marshal in the Austro-Hungarian Army. He was the head of the Second Army (Austria-Hungary), Second Army and fought mainly on the front of Galicia (Eastern Europe), Galicia during the entire conflict. On 30 October 1940, Böhm-Ermolli was made a German ''Generalfeldmarschall''. Biography Early life Eduard Böhm was born in the Italian city of Ancona where his father served with a small representative detachment of the Austrian army. His father, Georg Böhm (1813–1893), had as a sergeant won a battlefield commission for bravery after the Battle of Novara (1849), battle of Novara in 1849, been promoted to the rank of major upon his retirement in 1877. In June 1885, he received permission to attach his wife's (Maria Josepha Ermolli) maiden name to his family name. He was elevated to hereditary nobility in September 1885, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Second Army (Austria-Hungary)
The 2nd Army (german: k.u.k. 2. Armee), later designated East Army (german: Ost-Armee), was a field army-level command of Austro-Hungarian Army that was active during World War I. It was initially formed to take part in the Balkans Campaign before being transferred to the Eastern Front. In the final stages of the war, the army was evacuated from Ukraine before demobilizing in November 1918. History The 2nd Army was formed in August 1914 as part of Austria-Hungary's mobilization and the formation of Balkanstreitkräfte (Balkan Armed Forces) following its declaration of war on Serbia and Russia, carrying out the prewar plans for the formation of six field armies. Just as all Austro-Hungarian field armies, it consisted of a headquarters and several corps, along with some unattached units.John Dixon-NuttalTHE AUSTRO-HUNGARIAN ARMY 1914-18. Chapter 4: The Army in the Field/ref> It was initially composed of the XXI and III Corps, based in Hermannstadt and Graz, respectively, and was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hermann Kövess Von Kövessháza
Hermann Albin Josef Freiherr Kövess von Kövessháza ( hu, kövessházi báró Kövess Hermann; 30 March 1854 – 22 September 1924) was the final, and completely ceremonial, Commander-in-Chief of the Austro-Hungarian Army. He served as a generally competent and unremarkable commander in the Austro-Hungarian Army and was close to retirement in 1914 when the First World War broke out and he was given a command post. Personal life Kövess' father was a senior military officer living in Temesvár, Kingdom of Hungary, Austrian Empire (now Timișoara, Romania). His mother came from Fogaras (now Făgăraș, Romania), where her Thuringian father worked as a pharmacist; her mother was a Transylvanian Saxon from Hermannstadt (now Sibiu, Romania). He married the Baroness Eugenie Hye von Glunek in 1892 and they had 3 sons; Adalbert, who was killed in action in 1914 and Géza and Jenő who served as artillery officers. Military career He enrolled into a cadet institute at Hainburg in 1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Third Army (Austria-Hungary)
The 3rd Army (german: k.u.k. 3. Armee) was a field army-level command within the ground forces of Austria-Hungary during World War I. It was primarily active on the Eastern Front against the Russian Empire and in the Balkans against Serbia and Montenegro. Later on, the 3rd Army took part in some fighting on the Italian Front before returning to the eastern theater by 1917 to repulse the Kerensky Offensive. Its remaining units were merged with the 7th Army in January 1918. History 1914 The 3rd Army was formed in August 1914 as part of Austria-Hungary's mobilization following its declaration of war on Serbia and Russia, carrying out the prewar plans for the formation of six field armies. Just as all Austro-Hungarian field armies, it consisted of a headquarters and several corps, along with some unattached units.John Dixon-NuttalTHE AUSTRO-HUNGARIAN ARMY 1914-18. Chapter 4: The Army in the Field/ref> The 3rd Army initially consisted of the XI and XIV Corps, based in Lemberg (moder ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rudolf Von Brudermann
Rudolf Nikolaus Ritter von Brudermann (from 1919 Rudolf Brudermann; 9 January 1851 Gyöngyös, Hungary – 21 January 1941 Kaltenleutgeben, Lower Austria, Austria) was an Austro-Hungarian ''General der Kavallerie'' (general of the cavalry) during World War I. He led Austria-Hungary's Third Army during the Battle of Galicia. Personal life Brudermann was a son of ''Generalmajor'' (Major General) Rudolf Johann von Brudermann (1810–1889) and his wife Gisela von Barbaczy (1815–1855). He had two brothers, Anton (1847–1881) and Adolf (1854–1945), and a sister, Gisela Elisabeth (1852–1917). His brothers also pursued a military career. He married Marie Albine, ''née'' Jürgens, on 2 July 1878. They had no children. Military career Brudermann began his training at the ''Kadettenanstalt'' (Cadet Institute) in Hainburg an der Donau and attended the Theresian Military Academy in Wiener Neustadt from 1865 to 1869. On 1 September 1869 he was commissioned as a ''Leutnant'' (lieute ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fourth Army (Austria-Hungary)
The Austro-Hungarian Fourth Army was an Austro-Hungarian field army that fought during World War I. Actions The Austro-Hungarian Fourth Army was formed in August 1914 and deployed on the Russian Front. It remained active there until it was disbanded in March 1918. It participated in the: * Battle of Komarów (August 1914) * Battle of Rawa (September 1914) * Battle of the Vistula River (October 1914) * Battle of Limanowa (December 1914) * Gorlice–Tarnów Offensive (May-June 1915) * Great Retreat (June-September 1915) * Brusilov Offensive (June-September 1916) * Operation Faustschlag (February-March 1918) Commanders * Moritz von Auffenberg : August 1914 - 30 September 14 * Archduke Joseph Ferdinand : 30 September 1914 - June 1916 * Karl Tersztyánszky von Nádas : June 1916 - 5 March 1917 * Karl Graf von Kirchbach auf Lauterbach Karl Freiherr von Kirchbach auf Lauterbach (Gyöngyös, 20 May 1856 - Scharnstein, Upper Austria, 20 May 1939), from 1917 Count von Kirchb ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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