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Battle Of Jeddah (1813)
The Battle of Jeddah was fought in 1813 at the west Arabian port city of Jeddah as part of the Ottoman–Saudi War. The Ottoman army of Tusun Pasha retreated from Medina which had been captured by the Saudis, and a new army led by his father Muhammad Ali Pasha arrived from Egypt. The combined forces quickly marched to defend the city of Jeddah immediately from the advancing Saudis, and the Ottoman puppet ruler Ghalib ibn Musa'id was sent to Constantinople as a prisoner to avoid any sort of cooperation between him and the Arab rebels. A few days later, the Saudi forces captured Jeddah and forced the Ottoman army to retreat. Sultan Mahmud II tried to negotiate with the Saudi rebels by using Ghalib Efendi as a negotiation tool however the negotiations failed and Ghalib ibn Musa'id was instead exiled to Egypt and later Selanik by the Ottomans. Jeddah then came under Saudi rule after this battle. See also *Battle of Jeddah (1925) *History of Saudi Arabia 1813 in Asia 18 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ottoman–Saudi War
The Ottoman-Saudi War ( ar, الحرب العثمانية-السعودية, translit=al-ḥarb al-ʿUthmānīyah-al-Saʿūdīyah, ) also known as the Ottoman/Egyptian-Saudi War (1811–1818) was fought from early 1811 to 1818, between the Ottoman Empire and the Emirate of Diriyah, the First Saudi State, resulting in the destruction of the latter. Background Although Muhammad Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab, the leader of the Wahhabi movement, had indirectly expressed anti-Ottoman sentiments in his letters, he had decided not to publicly challenge the legitimacy of the empire as a precautionary measure. He also had not publicly acknowledged the Caliphate claim of the Ottomans, an assertion which they proclaimed after they suffered territorial losses at the hands of the Russian Empire in the 1770s. In the movement's first decades, the Wahhabis were ambiguous in offering a clear political view on the Ottomans. However, Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab had theologically repudiated the Ottomans, criticising ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ghalib Efendi
Ghālib ibn Musā‘id ibn Sa‘īd ( ar, غالب بن مساعد بن سعيد) was a sharif who served as Sharif and Emir of Mecca from 1788 to 1813. Succession to the Emirate Ghalib was the son of the Emir of Mecca Musa'id ibn Sa'id (r. 1752-1770). After Musa'id's death the Emirate was held by Ghalib's uncle Ahmad ibn Sa'id (r. 1770-1773), then his brother Surur ibn Musa'id (r. 1773-1788). After Surur's death on 18 Rabi al-Thani 1202 AH (c. 27 January 1788), his brother Abd al-Mu'in assumed the Emirate. However, he reigned for only a day or part of a day (or a few days, according to some sources) before abdicating in favor of Ghalib. News of Surur's death reached Istanbul in mid-Sha'ban (May 1788), and Sultan Abdul Hamid I confirmed Ghalib's appointment. The imperial '' firman'' (proclamation) and ''khil'ah'' (robe of honor) arrived in Mecca on 29 Dhi al-Qi'dah 1202 AH (c. 1 September 1788). Conflict with his brothers On 11 Dhu al-Hijjah 1202 AH (c. 12 September 1788) Ghal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Military History Of Egypt
Ancient Egypt was an ancient civilization of eastern North Africa, concentrated along the northern reaches of the Nile River in Egypt. The civilization coalesced around 3150 BC with the political unification of Upper and Lower Egypt under the first pharaoh, and it developed over the next three millennia. Its history occurred in a series of stable ''kingdoms'', separated by periods of relative instability known as ''intermediate periods''. Ancient Egypt reached its pinnacle during the New Kingdom, after which it entered a period of slow decline. Egypt was conquered by a succession of foreign powers in the late period, and the rule of the pharaohs officially ended in 31 BC, when the early Roman Empire conquered Egypt and made it a province. Although the Egyptian military forces in the Old and Middle kingdoms were well maintained, the new form that emerged in the New Kingdom showed the state becoming more organized to serve its needs. For most parts of its long history, ancient ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
19th Century In Saudi Arabia
19 (nineteen) is the natural number following 18 and preceding 20. It is a prime number. Mathematics 19 is the eighth prime number, and forms a sexy prime with 13, a twin prime with 17, and a cousin prime with 23. It is the third full reptend prime, the fifth central trinomial coefficient, and the seventh Mersenne prime exponent. It is also the second Keith number, and more specifically the first Keith prime. * 19 is the maximum number of fourth powers needed to sum up to any natural number, and in the context of Waring's problem, 19 is the fourth value of g(k). * The sum of the squares of the first 19 primes is divisible by 19. *19 is the sixth Heegner number. 67 and 163, respectively the 19th and 38th prime numbers, are the two largest Heegner numbers, of nine total. * 19 is the third centered triangular number as well as the third centered hexagonal number. : The 19th triangular number is 190, equivalently the sum of the first 19 non-zero integers, that is a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battles Involving The Ottoman Empire
List of the main battles in the history of the Ottoman Empire are shown below. The life span of the empire was more than six centuries, and the maximum territorial extent, at the zenith of its power in the second half of the 16th century, stretched from central Europe to the Persian Gulf and from the Caspian Sea to North Africa. The number of battles the empire fought is quite high. But here only the more important battles are listed. Among these, the battles fought in the 20th century (Turco-Italian War, Balkan Wars, and World War I ) as well as the sieges (like the sieges of Constantinople, Cairo, Belgrade, Bagdad, etc.) which most lists include as battles are not shown except in cases where the siege is followed by a battle (i.e. Vienna, Khotyn, Plevna).Prof.Dr.Yaşar Yücel-Prof.Dr.Ali Sevim: ''Türkiye Tarihi II, III, IV'', AKDTYK Yayınları, İstanbul, 1990, List of battles (Color legend for the location of the battle) The sultans of the Ottoman Empire participa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battles Of The Wahhabi War
A battle is an occurrence of combat in warfare between opposing military units of any number or size. A war usually consists of multiple battles. In general, a battle is a military engagement that is well defined in duration, area, and force commitment. An engagement with only limited commitment between the forces and without decisive results is sometimes called a skirmish. The word "battle" can also be used infrequently to refer to an entire operational campaign, although this usage greatly diverges from its conventional or customary meaning. Generally, the word "battle" is used for such campaigns if referring to a protracted combat encounter in which either one or both of the combatants had the same methods, resources, and strategic objectives throughout the encounter. Some prominent examples of this would be the Battle of the Atlantic, Battle of Britain, and Battle of Stalingrad, all in World War II. Wars and military campaigns are guided by military strategy, whereas bat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1813 In The Ottoman Empire
Events January–March * January 18–January 23 – War of 1812: The Battle of Frenchtown is fought in modern-day Monroe, Michigan between the United States and a British and Native American alliance. * January 24 – The Philharmonic Society (later the Royal Philharmonic Society) is founded in London. * January 28 – Jane Austen's ''Pride and Prejudice'' is published anonymously in London. * January 31 – The Assembly of the Year XIII is inaugurated in Buenos Aires. * February – War of 1812 in North America: General William Henry Harrison sends out an expedition to burn the British vessels at Fort Malden by going across Lake Erie via the Bass Islands in sleighs, but the ice is not hard enough, and the expedition returns. * February 3 – Argentine War of Independence: José de San Martín and his Regiment of Mounted Grenadiers gain a largely symbolic victory against a Spanish royalist army in the Battle of San Lorenzo. * February 7 & ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1813 In Asia
Events January–March * January 18–January 23 – War of 1812: The Battle of Frenchtown is fought in modern-day Monroe, Michigan between the United States and a British and Native American alliance. * January 24 – The Philharmonic Society (later the Royal Philharmonic Society) is founded in London. * January 28 – Jane Austen's ''Pride and Prejudice'' is published anonymously in London. * January 31 – The Assembly of the Year XIII is inaugurated in Buenos Aires. * February – War of 1812 in North America: General William Henry Harrison sends out an expedition to burn the British vessels at Fort Malden by going across Lake Erie via the Bass Islands in sleighs, but the ice is not hard enough, and the expedition returns. * February 3 – Argentine War of Independence: José de San Martín and his Regiment of Mounted Grenadiers gain a largely symbolic victory against a Spanish royalist army in the Battle of San Lorenzo. * February 7 & ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
History Of Saudi Arabia
The history of Saudi Arabia as a nation state began with the emergence of the Al Saud dynasty in central Arabia in 1727 and the subsequent establishment of the Emirate of Diriyah. Pre-Islamic Arabia, the territory that constitutes modern Saudi Arabia, was the site of several ancient cultures and civilizations; the prehistory of Saudi Arabia shows some of the earliest traces of human activity in the world. The world's second-largest religion, Islam, emerged in modern-day Saudi Arabia. In the early 7th century, the Islamic prophet Muhammad united the population of Arabia and created a single Islamic religious polity. Following his death in 632, his followers rapidly expanded the territory under Muslim rule beyond Arabia, conquering huge and unprecedented swathes of territory (from the Iberian Peninsula in the west to modern-day Pakistan in the east) in a matter of decades. Arab dynasties originating from modern-day Saudi Arabia founded the Rashidun (632–661), Umayyad (661– ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Jeddah (1925)
The Battle of Jeddah or the Siege of Jeddah took place in 1925, as part of the Ibn Saud's campaign to conquer the Kingdom of Hejaz. Jeddah was the last major stand of the Hashemites against the Saudis. Overview Following the fall of Mecca to King Abdulaziz Ibn Saud in early December 1924, King Ali bin Hussein moved back to Jeddah, trying to defend it against the Nejd Army. Ali's remaining army started to build fortifications around the city and place mines. Ali requested help and supply from his brothers' states, King Abdullah of Transjordan and King Faisal of Iraq. They both supplied Ali with arms and men. Also, Ali's two old airplanes were not enough for the incoming battle so he bought five aircraft from Italy and several tanks from Germany. Regardless, Ali could not stand for long. The nearby clans were Ibn Saud's allies. The supplies from Aqaba traveled slowly to Jeddah, besides he had only two pilots, one of whom died during the battle. Eventually, the chiefs of Jeddah ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Selanik
Thessaloniki (; el, Θεσσαλονίκη, , also known as Thessalonica (), Saloniki, or Salonica (), is the second-largest city in Greece, with over one million inhabitants in its metropolitan area, and the capital of the geographic region of Macedonia, the administrative region of Central Macedonia and the Decentralized Administration of Macedonia and Thrace. It is also known in Greek as (), literally "the co-capital", a reference to its historical status as the () or "co-reigning" city of the Byzantine Empire alongside Constantinople. Thessaloniki is located on the Thermaic Gulf, at the northwest corner of the Aegean Sea. It is bounded on the west by the delta of the Axios. The municipality of Thessaloniki, the historical center, had a population of 317,778 in 2021, while the Thessaloniki metropolitan area had 1,091,424 inhabitants in 2021. It is Greece's second major economic, industrial, commercial and political centre, and a major transportation hub for Greece and s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Egypt
Egypt ( ar, مصر , ), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and southwest corner of Asia via a land bridge formed by the Sinai Peninsula. It is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, the Gaza Strip of Palestine and Israel to the northeast, the Red Sea to the east, Sudan to the south, and Libya to the west. The Gulf of Aqaba in the northeast separates Egypt from Jordan and Saudi Arabia. Cairo is the capital and largest city of Egypt, while Alexandria, the second-largest city, is an important industrial and tourist hub at the Mediterranean coast. At approximately 100 million inhabitants, Egypt is the 14th-most populated country in the world. Egypt has one of the longest histories of any country, tracing its heritage along the Nile Delta back to the 6th–4th millennia BCE. Considered a cradle of civilisation, Ancient Egypt saw some of the earliest developments of writing, agriculture, ur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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