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Barbary Treaties
The Barbary Treaties refer to several treaties between the United States of America and the semi-autonomous North African city-states of Algiers, Tunis, and Tripoli, under the rule of the Ottoman Empire, known collectively as the Barbary States. * Treaty with Algiers (1795) * Treaty with Tripoli (1796) * Treaty with Tunis (1797) *Treaty with Tripoli (1805) * Treaty with Algiers (1815) * Treaty with Tunis (1824) * Treaty with Morocco (1836) See also *Barbary pirates *First Barbary War *Second Barbary War The Second Barbary War (1815) or the U.S.–Algerian War was fought between the United States and the North African Barbary Coast states of Tripoli, Tunis, and Algiers. The war ended when the United States Senate ratified Commodore Stephen De ... * Barbary Coast Further reading *London, Joshua ''Victory in Tripoli: How America's War with the Barbary Pirates Established the U.S. Navy and Shaped a Nation''New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2005. External linksfrom the Av ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
United States
The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territories, nine Minor Outlying Islands, and 326 Indian reservations. The United States is also in free association with three Pacific Island sovereign states: the Federated States of Micronesia, the Marshall Islands, and the Republic of Palau. It is the world's third-largest country by both land and total area. It shares land borders with Canada to its north and with Mexico to its south and has maritime borders with the Bahamas, Cuba, Russia, and other nations. With a population of over 333 million, it is the most populous country in the Americas and the third most populous in the world. The national capital of the United States is Washington, D.C. and its most populous city and principal financial center is New York City. Paleo-Americ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Treaty With Algiers (1815)
The Treaty with Algiers was signed on June 30, 1815, between the United States and the " Barbary State" of the Regency of Algiers. It concluded the Second Barbary War.As the treaty provided in Article One: :''There shall be from the Conclusion of this treaty, a firm inviolable and universal peace and friendship between the President and Citizens of the United States of America on the one part, and the Dey and Subjects of the Regency of Algiers in Barbary, on the other, made by the free consent of both parties and upon the terms of the most favored nations; and if either party shall hereafter grant to any other nation, any particular favor or privilege in navigation or Commerce it shall immediately become common to the other party, freely when freely it is granted to such other nation; but when the grant is conditional, it shall be at the option of the contracting parties to accept, alter, or reject such conditions, in such manner as shall be most conducive to their respective intere ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Treaties Of The United States
This is a list of treaties to which the United States has been a party or which have had direct relevance to U.S. history. Pre-Revolutionary War treaties Before the United States Declaration of Independence in 1776, the sovereign of the United Kingdom and the leaders of various North American colonies negotiated treaties that affected the territory of what would later become the United States. * 1638 - Treaty of Hartford (1638) * 1646 – Treaty of 1646 * 1677 – Treaty of 1677 * 1701 – Nanfan Treaty * 1722 – Great Treaty of 1722 * 1726 – Deed in Trust from Three of the Five Nations of Indians to the Chancellor * 1744 – Treaty of Lancaster * 1752 – Treaty of Logstown * 1754 – Treaty of Albany * 1758 – Treaty of Easton * 1760 – Treaty of Pittsburgh * 1763 – Treaty of Paris * 1768 – Treaty of Hard Labour * 1768 – Treaty of Fort Stanwix * 1770 – Treaty of Lochaber * 1774 – Treaty of Camp Charlotte U.S. international treaties These are treaties that t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Second Barbary War
The Second Barbary War (1815) or the U.S.–Algerian War was fought between the United States and the North African Barbary Coast states of Tripoli, Tunis, and Algiers. The war ended when the United States Senate ratified Commodore Stephen Decatur’s Algerian treaty on 5 December 1815. However, Dey Omar Agha of Algeria repudiated the US treaty, refused to accept the terms of peace that had been ratified by the Congress of Vienna, and threatened the lives of all Christian inhabitants of Algiers. William Shaler was the US commissioner in Algiers who had negotiated alongside Decatur, but he fled aboard British vessels during the Bombardment of Algiers (1816). He negotiated a new treaty in 1816 which was not ratified by the Senate until 11 February 1822, because of an oversight. After the end of the war, the United States and European nations stopped paying tribute to the pirate states; this marked the beginning of the end of piracy in that region, which had been rampant in the d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
First Barbary War
The First Barbary War (1801–1805), also known as the Tripolitan War and the Barbary Coast War, was a conflict during the Barbary Wars, in which the United States and Sweden fought against Tripolitania. Tripolitania had declared war against Sweden and the United States over disputes regarding tributary payments made by both states in exchange for a cessation of Tripolitatian commerce raiding at sea. United States President Thomas Jefferson refused to pay this tribute. Sweden had been at war with the Tripolitans since 1800. Background and overview Barbary corsairs and crews from the quasi-independent North African Ottoman provinces of Algiers, Tunis, Tripoli, and the independent Sultanate of Morocco under the Alaouite dynasty (the Barbary Coast) were the scourge of the Mediterranean. Capturing merchant ships and enslaving or ransoming their crews provided the rulers of these nations with wealth and naval power. The Trinitarian Order, or order of "Mathurins", had operated fr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Barbary Pirates
The Barbary pirates, or Barbary corsairs or Ottoman corsairs, were Muslim pirates and privateers who operated from North Africa, based primarily in the ports of Salé, Rabat, Algiers, Tunis and Tripoli, Libya, Tripoli. This area was known in Europe as the Barbary Coast, in reference to the Berbers. Their predation extended throughout the Mediterranean, south along West Africa's Atlantic seaboard and into the North Atlantic as far north as Turkish Abductions, Iceland, but they primarily operated in the western Mediterranean. In addition to seizing merchant ships, they engaged in ''Razzia (military), Razzias'', raids on European coastal towns and villages, mainly in Italy, France, Spain and Portugal, but also in the British Isles, the Netherlands and Iceland. The main purpose of their attacks was to capture slaves for the Slavery in the Ottoman Empire, Ottoman slave trade as well as the general Arab slavery market in North Africa and the Middle East. Slaves in Barbary could be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Treaty With Morocco (1836)
The Treaty with Morocco was signed on September 16, 1836 (3 Jumada II, A.H. 1252), between the United States of America and Morocco under the 'Alawid dynasty. Submitted to the Senate December 26, 1836. (Message of December 20, 1836.) Resolution of advice and consent January 17, 1837. Ratified by the United States January 28, 1837. Treaty The treaty was a permanent treaty in the history of the United States and is considered the oldest treaty of its kind in its history with foreign countries. This treaty resulted the United States not recognising the French protectorate in Morocco. Despite the repeated request of France, it did not recognise the protectorate until it entered World War I on October 20, 1917. The agreement included 25 articles dealing with various topics: * Residence of citizens of the two countries. * Freedom of trade. * System of ships in ports and on the high seas. * Adjusting transactions during the war between the two parties. * Observe neutrality in an ev ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Treaty With Tunis (1824)
The Treaty with Tunis was signed on February 24, 1824 (24 Ramada II, A. H. 1239), between the United States of America and the " Barbary State" of Tunis, nominally part of the Ottoman Empire. Ratified by the United States between January 13 and 21, 1825 See also *List of treaties External linksText of the Treaty Barbary Wars Tunis Tunis ''Tounsi'' french: Tunisois , population_note = , population_urban = , population_metro = 2658816 , population_density_km2 = , timezone1 = CET , utc_offset1 ... Tunisia–United States relations 1824 treaties Treaties of Tunisia Ottoman Tunisia February 1824 events {{Treaty-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Treaty With Tripoli (1805)
The 1805 Treaty of Tripoli (''Treaty of Peace and Amity between the United States of America and the Bey and Subjects of Tripoli of Barbary'') was signed on June 4, 1805, ending the First Barbary War. It was negotiated by Tobias Lear, an ardent Jeffersonian republican, and took effect April 12, 1806 with the signature of President Thomas Jefferson. The United States agreed to abandon Derna (a provincial capital in eastern Libya occupied during the war) and not to supply its mercenary allies who supported Ahmad Karamanli, the brother of Pasha Yusuf Karamanli, in his claim to be the legitimate ruler of Tripoli. The pasha agreed in return to release Ahmad's wife and children, whom he was holding hostage. The treaty also provided for an exchange of prisoners, primarily of the 297-man crew of the '' USS Philadelphia'' in exchange for 89 prisoners held by the U.S., and for a $60,000 payment by the U.S. to Tripoli due to the difference in numbers of prisoners exchanged. The treat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
North Africa
North Africa, or Northern Africa is a region encompassing the northern portion of the African continent. There is no singularly accepted scope for the region, and it is sometimes defined as stretching from the Atlantic shores of Mauritania in the west, to Egypt's Suez Canal. Varying sources limit it to the countries of Algeria, Libya, Morocco, and Tunisia, a region that was known by the French during colonial times as "''Afrique du Nord''" and is known by Arabs as the Maghreb ("West", ''The western part of Arab World''). The United Nations definition includes Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, Egypt, Sudan, and the Western Sahara, the territory disputed between Morocco and the Sahrawi Republic. The African Union definition includes the Western Sahara and Mauritania but not Sudan. When used in the term Middle East and North Africa (MENA), it often refers only to the countries of the Maghreb. North Africa includes the Spanish cities of Ceuta and Melilla, and plazas de s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Treaty With Tunis (1797)
The Treaty with Tunis was signed on August 28, 1797, between the United States of America and the " Barbary State" of Tunis. As the treaty provided in Article One: :''There shall be a perpetual and constant peace between the United States of America and the magnificent Pasha, Bey of Tunis, and also a permanent friendship, which shall more and more increase.'' The treaty is notable because of its religious language in the opening statement, namely recognizing the President of the United States of America as "the most distinguished among those ''who profess the religion of the Messiah'', of whom may the end be happy." Because of the presence of this clause, W.C. Anderson makes the argument that Christianity is adopted by this treaty. The treaty provided protection to Americans at a cost higher than the Treaty of Tripoli imposed. The Treaty of Tunis was not only notable for the use of religious language in the opening statement, but it was also a treaty where the President of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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