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Banksieaeidites
''Banksieaeidites'' is a plant genus that encompasses fossil pollen that can be attributed to the Proteaceae tribe Banksieae, but cannot be attributed to a genus. It was published in 1950 by Isabel Cookson and Suzanne Duigan, on the grounds that the two then-members of Banksieae, ''Banksia'' and ''Dryandra'', cannot be distinguished by the pollen. Since then, ''Banksia'' and ''Dryandra'' have been further grouped into subtribe Banksiinae, and another subtribe, Musgraveinae, erected to contain two new genera. The correct interpretation for ''Banksieaeidites'' does not appear to have been clarified since then, but treatment of the analogous genus for fossil leaves, ''Banksieaephyllum'', is no longer consistent, with some botanists holding that it is still defined in terms of Banksieae, while others now treat it as defined in terms of Banksiinae. ''Dryandra'' has now been transferred into ''Banksia''. Although as yet undetermined, the latter interpretation would result in ''Banksiea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Banksieaeidites Minimus
''Banksieaeidites'' is a plant genus that encompasses fossil pollen that can be attributed to the Proteaceae tribe Banksieae, but cannot be attributed to a genus. It was published in 1950 by Isabel Cookson and Suzanne Duigan, on the grounds that the two then-members of Banksieae, ''Banksia'' and ''Dryandra'', cannot be distinguished by the pollen. Since then, ''Banksia'' and ''Dryandra'' have been further grouped into subtribe Banksiinae, and another subtribe, Musgraveinae, erected to contain two new genera. The correct interpretation for ''Banksieaeidites'' does not appear to have been clarified since then, but treatment of the analogous genus for fossil leaves, ''Banksieaephyllum'', is no longer consistent, with some botanists holding that it is still defined in terms of Banksieae, while others now treat it as defined in terms of Banksiinae. ''Dryandra'' has now been transferred into ''Banksia''. Although as yet undetermined, the latter interpretation would result in ''Banksiea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Banksieaeidites Elongatus
''Banksieaeidites'' is a plant genus that encompasses fossil pollen that can be attributed to the Proteaceae tribe Banksieae, but cannot be attributed to a genus. It was published in 1950 by Isabel Cookson and Suzanne Duigan, on the grounds that the two then-members of Banksieae, ''Banksia'' and ''Dryandra'', cannot be distinguished by the pollen. Since then, ''Banksia'' and ''Dryandra'' have been further grouped into subtribe Banksiinae, and another subtribe, Musgraveinae, erected to contain two new genera. The correct interpretation for ''Banksieaeidites'' does not appear to have been clarified since then, but treatment of the analogous genus for fossil leaves, ''Banksieaephyllum'', is no longer consistent, with some botanists holding that it is still defined in terms of Banksieae, while others now treat it as defined in terms of Banksiinae. ''Dryandra'' has now been transferred into ''Banksia''. Although as yet undetermined, the latter interpretation would result in ''Banksiea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Banksieaeidites Arcuatus
''Banksieaeidites'' is a plant genus that encompasses fossil pollen that can be attributed to the Proteaceae tribe Banksieae, but cannot be attributed to a genus. It was published in 1950 by Isabel Cookson and Suzanne Duigan, on the grounds that the two then-members of Banksieae, ''Banksia'' and ''Dryandra'', cannot be distinguished by the pollen. Since then, ''Banksia'' and ''Dryandra'' have been further grouped into subtribe Banksiinae, and another subtribe, Musgraveinae, erected to contain two new genera. The correct interpretation for ''Banksieaeidites'' does not appear to have been clarified since then, but treatment of the analogous genus for fossil leaves, ''Banksieaephyllum'', is no longer consistent, with some botanists holding that it is still defined in terms of Banksieae, while others now treat it as defined in terms of Banksiinae. ''Dryandra'' has now been transferred into ''Banksia''. Although as yet undetermined, the latter interpretation would result in ''Banksiea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Banksieaephyllum
''Banksieaephyllum'' is a plant genus that encompasses organically preserved fossil leaves that can be attributed to the Proteaceae tribe Banksieae, but cannot be attributed to a genus. Before 1950, many fossil leaves were attributed to the genera ''Banksia'' and ''Dryandra''. In most cases, leaves with triangular lobes were associated with ''Dryandra'', and leaves with serration were associated with ''Banksia''. In 1950, Isabel Cookson and Suzanne Duigan showed this policy to be flawed, by demonstrating that the leaves of the two genera cannot be reliably distinguished. Since these two genera then comprised tribe Banksieae, Cookson and Duigan erected ''Banksieaephyllum'' to contain such leaves. Since then, ''Banksia'' and ''Dryandra'' have been further grouped into subtribe Banksiinae, and another subtribe, Musgraveinae, erected to contain two new genera. Interpretations of ''Banksieaephyllum'' are now no longer consistent. Some botanists continue to hold that ''Banksieaephyllu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Banksieae
The Grevilleoideae are a subfamily of the plant family Proteaceae. Mainly restricted to the Southern Hemisphere, it contains around 46 genus, genera and about 950 species. Genera include ''Banksia'', ''Grevillea'', and ''Macadamia''. Description The Grevilleoideae grow as trees, shrubs, or subshrubs. They are highly variable, making a simple, diagnostic identification key for the subfamily essentially impossible to provide. One common and fairly diagnostic characteristic is the occurrence of flowers in pairs that share a common bract. However, a few Grevilleoideae taxa do not have this property, having solitary flowers or inflorescences of unpaired flowers. In most taxa, the flowers occur in densely packed heads or spikes, and the fruit is a follicle (fruit), follicle. Distribution and habitat Grevilleoideae are mainly a Southern Hemisphere family. The main centre of diversity is Australia, with around 700 of 950 species occurring there, and South America also contains taxa. How ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Musgraveinae
The Grevilleoideae are a subfamily of the plant family Proteaceae. Mainly restricted to the Southern Hemisphere, it contains around 46 genus, genera and about 950 species. Genera include ''Banksia'', ''Grevillea'', and ''Macadamia''. Description The Grevilleoideae grow as trees, shrubs, or subshrubs. They are highly variable, making a simple, diagnostic identification key for the subfamily essentially impossible to provide. One common and fairly diagnostic characteristic is the occurrence of flowers in pairs that share a common bract. However, a few Grevilleoideae taxa do not have this property, having solitary flowers or inflorescences of unpaired flowers. In most taxa, the flowers occur in densely packed heads or spikes, and the fruit is a follicle (fruit), follicle. Distribution and habitat Grevilleoideae are mainly a Southern Hemisphere family. The main centre of diversity is Australia, with around 700 of 950 species occurring there, and South America also contains taxa. How ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Austin Mast
Austin R. Mast is a research botanist. Born in 1972, he obtained a Ph.D. from the University of Wisconsin–Madison in 2000. He is currently a professor within the Department of Biological Science at Florida State University (FSU), and has been director of FSU's Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium since August 2003. One of his main areas of research is the phylogenetics of Grevilleoideae, a subfamily of Proteaceae. In 2005 he showed the genus ''Banksia'' to be paraphyletic with respect to ''Dryandra'', Collaborating with Australian botanist Kevin Thiele, he subsequently transferred all ''Dryandra'' taxa to ''Banksia'', publishing over 120 taxonomic names in the process. The change has been adopted by the Western Australian Herbarium, although has met with some controversy. He has previously worked on the Deep South Plant Specimen Imaging Project, which created a repository of annotated high-resolution digital images of plant specimens within the East Gulf Coastal Plain The Gulf Coastal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Proteaceae Genera
The Proteaceae form a family of flowering plants predominantly distributed in the Southern Hemisphere. The family comprises 83 genera with about 1,660 known species. Together with the Platanaceae and Nelumbonaceae, they make up the order Proteales. Well-known genera include ''Protea'', ''Banksia'', ''Embothrium'', ''Grevillea'', ''Hakea'' and ''Macadamia''. Species such as the New South Wales waratah (''Telopea speciosissima''), king protea (''Protea cynaroides''), and various species of ''Banksia'', ''soman'', and ''Leucadendron'' are popular cut flowers. The nuts of ''Macadamia integrifolia'' are widely grown commercially and consumed, as are those of Gevuina avellana on a smaller scale. Australia and South Africa have the greatest concentrations of diversity. Etymology The name Proteaceae was adapted by Robert Brown from the name Proteae coined in 1789 for the family by Antoine Laurent de Jussieu, based on the genus ''Protea'', which in 1767 Carl Linnaeus derived from the n ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Extinct Flora Of Australia
Extinction is the termination of a kind of organism or of a group of kinds (taxon), usually a species. The moment of extinction is generally considered to be the death of the last individual of the species, although the capacity to breed and recover may have been lost before this point. Because a species' potential range may be very large, determining this moment is difficult, and is usually done retrospectively. This difficulty leads to phenomena such as Lazarus taxa, where a species presumed extinct abruptly "reappears" (typically in the fossil record) after a period of apparent absence. More than 99% of all species that ever lived on Earth, amounting to over five billion species, are estimated to have died out. It is estimated that there are currently around 8.7 million species of eukaryote globally, and possibly many times more if microorganisms, like bacteria, are included. Notable extinct animal species include non-avian dinosaurs, saber-toothed cats, dodos, mam ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Banksieaeformis
''Banksieaeformis'' is a genus that encompasses plant species only known from fossil leaves that can be attributed to the Proteaceae tribe Banksieae, but cannot be attributed to an extant (living) genus. Unlike those classified in the related genus ''Banksieaephyllum'', the leaves do not have their cuticular architecture preserved. The genus was defined by botanists Bob Hill and David Christophel in 1988 to distinguish banksia-like leaves that had been organically preserved from those that had not. The two authors designated ''Banksieaeformis decurrens'' as the type species. Recovered from middle Eocene deposits at Maslin Bay in South Australia, it is known from a single leaf, 7 cm long and 1 cm wide. The leaf has entire margins in its basal half and pinnate lobes pointed apically in its apical half, which resembles the leaves of the fossil species ''Banksieaephyllum cuneatum'' and ''Banksieaephyllum incisum, B. incisum'', as well as the living species ''Banksia grandis' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kevin Thiele
Kevin R. Thiele is currently an adjunct associate professor at the University of Western Australia and the director of Taxonomy Australia. He was the curator of the Western Australian Herbarium from 2006 to 2015. His research interests include the systematics of the plant families Proteaceae, Rhamnaceae and Violaceae, and the conservation ecology of grassy woodland ecosystems. He also works in biodiversity informatics, developing and teaching the development of interactive multi-access keys, and has been involved in the design of software for the Global Biodiversity Information Facility. He obtained a PhD from the University of Melbourne in 1993, and has since published many papers, notably a treatment of the Rhamnaceae for the ''Flora of Australia'' series of monographs, and, with Pauline Ladiges, a taxonomic arrangement of ''Banksia''. In 2007 he collaborated with Austin Mast to transfer ''Dryandra'' to ''Banksia ''Banksia'' is a genus of around 170 species in th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Plant
Plants are predominantly photosynthetic eukaryotes of the kingdom Plantae. Historically, the plant kingdom encompassed all living things that were not animals, and included algae and fungi; however, all current definitions of Plantae exclude the fungi and some algae, as well as the prokaryotes (the archaea and bacteria). By one definition, plants form the clade Viridiplantae (Latin name for "green plants") which is sister of the Glaucophyta, and consists of the green algae and Embryophyta (land plants). The latter includes the flowering plants, conifers and other gymnosperms, ferns and their allies, hornworts, liverworts, and mosses. Most plants are multicellular organisms. Green plants obtain most of their energy from sunlight via photosynthesis by primary chloroplasts that are derived from endosymbiosis with cyanobacteria. Their chloroplasts contain chlorophylls a and b, which gives them their green color. Some plants are parasitic or mycotrophic and have lost the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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