Balanced Budget Act (Quebec)
The Government of Quebec adopted the Balanced Budget Act (BBA) in 1996. The BBA prohibits a budget deficit, other than in special circumstances. Background Quebec incurred little debt before the 1960s, but from 1958 it recorded deficits for 40 consecutive years. Accumulated debt reached more than $100 billion (over 40% of GDP) by 1998. (The debt of the province of Quebec is separate from the debt of the federal government of Canada.) Quebec's credit rating was downgraded by Moody's in 1993 and 1995 and, in 1996, there were fears of a further downgrade. The Balanced Budget Act (BBA) was adopted unanimously by Quebec's legislative assembly in 1996, and incoming Premier Lucien Bouchard said balanced budgets were a priority "to save future generations from debt and despair" and "to protect the government's ability to act". The budget balance mechanism Under the Balanced Budget Act (BBA), the government is prohibited from incurring a budget deficit, other than in the special circu ...
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Government Of Quebec
A government is the system or group of people governing an organized community, generally a state. In the case of its broad associative definition, government normally consists of legislature, executive, and judiciary. Government is a means by which organizational policies are enforced, as well as a mechanism for determining policy. In many countries, the government has a kind of constitution, a statement of its governing principles and philosophy. While all types of organizations have governance, the term ''government'' is often used more specifically to refer to the approximately 200 independent national governments and subsidiary organizations. The major types of political systems in the modern era are democracies, monarchies, and authoritarian and totalitarian regimes. Historically prevalent forms of government include monarchy, aristocracy, timocracy, oligarchy, democracy, theocracy, and tyranny. These forms are not always mutually exclusive, and mixed govern ...
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Quebec Deficits
Quebec ( ; )According to the Canadian government, ''Québec'' (with the acute accent) is the official name in Canadian French and ''Quebec'' (without the accent) is the province's official name in Canadian English is one of the thirteen provinces and territories of Canada. It is the largest province by area and the second-largest by population. Much of the population lives in urban areas along the St. Lawrence River, between the most populous city, Montreal, and the provincial capital, Quebec City. Quebec is the home of the Québécois nation. Located in Central Canada, the province shares land borders with Ontario to the west, Newfoundland and Labrador to the northeast, New Brunswick to the southeast, and a coastal border with Nunavut; in the south it borders Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, and New York in the United States. Between 1534 and 1763, Quebec was called ''Canada'' and was the most developed colony in New France. Following the Seven Years' War, Quebec became ...
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Government Of Canada
The government of Canada (french: gouvernement du Canada) is the body responsible for the federal administration of Canada. A constitutional monarchy, the Crown is the corporation sole, assuming distinct roles: the executive, as the ''Crown-in-Council''; the legislature A legislature is an assembly with the authority to make law Law is a set of rules that are created and are enforceable by social or governmental institutions to regulate behavior,Robertson, ''Crimes against humanity'', 90. with its p ..., as the ''Crown-in-Parliament''; and the courts, as the ''Crown-on-the-Bench''. Three institutions—the Privy Council ( conventionally, the Cabinet); the Parliament of Canada; and the Judiciary of Canada, judiciary, respectively—exercise the powers of the Crown. The term "Government of Canada" (french: Gouvernement du Canada, links=no) more commonly refers specifically to the executive—Minister of the Crown, ministers of the Crown (the Cabinet) and th ...
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Ministry Of Finance (Quebec)
The Ministry of Finance (in French: Ministère des Finances) is a department in the government of Quebec. Its official purpose is to "foster economic development and advise the government on financial matters," and the department's responsibilities include providing advice in budgetary, fiscal, economic, financial and accounting matters. The department is overseen by the Quebec finance minister. As of November 2018, this office is held by Éric Girard. The Ministry of Finance administers Quebec's Balanced Budget Act, which prohibits a budget deficit, other than in special circumstances. References Quebec government departments and agencies * Quebec Quebec ( ; )According to the Canadian government, ''Québec'' (with the acute accent) is the official name in Canadian French and ''Quebec'' (without the accent) is the province's official name in Canadian English is one of the thirtee ...

Generations Fund
The Generations Fund is a fund created by the government of Quebec to reduce public debt and, in so doing, mitigate the intergenerational transfer of the debt burden. Enacted in 2006, the ''Act to reduce the debt and establish the Generations Fund'' targets a debt-to-GDP ratio of no more than 45% by fiscal year 2025-26. Background Quebec incurred little debt before the 1960s, but from 1958 it recorded deficits for 40 consecutive years. When the Generations Fund was created in 2006, Quebec's debt-to-GDP ratio was 42.7%, compared with the Canadian provincial government average of 25%. (Quebec's debt concept used was total debt, which was subsequently replaced by gross debt.) Interest on the debt was Quebec's third largest spending item after health and education, and represented 12.7 cents of each dollar of budgetary revenue. Operation The Generations Fund is dedicated exclusively to repaying Quebec's debt. The act establishing the Fund sets out a precise debt target – by fis ...
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Great Recession
The Great Recession was a period of marked general decline, i.e. a recession, observed in national economies globally that occurred from late 2007 into 2009. The scale and timing of the recession varied from country to country (see map). At the time, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) concluded that it was the most severe economic and financial meltdown since the Great Depression. One result was a serious disruption of normal international relations. The causes of the Great Recession include a combination of vulnerabilities that developed in the financial system, along with a series of triggering events that began with the bursting of the United States housing bubble in 2005–2012. When housing prices fell and homeowners began to abandon their mortgages, the value of mortgage-backed securities held by investment banks declined in 2007–2008, causing several to collapse or be bailed out in September 2008. This 2007–2008 phase was called the subprime mortgage crisis. ...
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Covid-19 Pandemic
The COVID-19 pandemic, also known as the coronavirus pandemic, is an ongoing global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The novel virus was first identified in an outbreak in the Chinese city of Wuhan in December 2019. Attempts to contain it there failed, allowing the virus to spread to other areas of Asia and later worldwide. The World Health Organization (WHO) declared the outbreak a public health emergency of international concern on 30 January 2020, and a pandemic on 11 March 2020. As of , the pandemic had caused more than cases and confirmed deaths, making it one of the deadliest in history. COVID-19 symptoms range from undetectable to deadly, but most commonly include fever, dry cough, and fatigue. Severe illness is more likely in elderly patients and those with certain underlying medical conditions. COVID-19 transmits when people breathe in air contaminated by droplets and ...
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Canadian Public Debt
Canadian public debt, or general government debt, is the liabilities of the government sector. Government ''gross debt'' consists of liabilities that are a financial claim that requires payment of interest and/or principal in future. They consist mainly of Treasury bonds, but also include public service employee pension liabilities. Changes in government debt over time reflect primarily borrowing due to past government deficits (where a deficit occurs when government expenditures exceed revenues). For 2021 (the fiscal year ending 31 March 2022), the market value of gross debt was $2,942 billion ($76,135 per capita) for the consolidated Canadian general government – federal, plus provincial, territorial and local governments (PTLGs) combined. As a ratio of GDP, gross debt was 117.2% (GDP was $2,510 billion in 2021), down from 130.0% in 2020, the highest level ever recorded, but significantly above the pre-pandemic level (105.6% in 2019). The sustainability of government d ...
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Ministry Of Finance (Quebec)
The Ministry of Finance (in French: Ministère des Finances) is a department in the government of Quebec. Its official purpose is to "foster economic development and advise the government on financial matters," and the department's responsibilities include providing advice in budgetary, fiscal, economic, financial and accounting matters. The department is overseen by the Quebec finance minister. As of November 2018, this office is held by Éric Girard. The Ministry of Finance administers Quebec's Balanced Budget Act, which prohibits a budget deficit, other than in special circumstances. References Quebec government departments and agencies * Quebec Quebec ( ; )According to the Canadian government, ''Québec'' (with the acute accent) is the official name in Canadian French and ''Quebec'' (without the accent) is the province's official name in Canadian English is one of the thirtee ...

Fiscal Policy
In economics and political science, fiscal policy is the use of government revenue collection (taxes or tax cuts) and expenditure to influence a country's economy. The use of government revenue expenditures to influence macroeconomic variables developed in reaction to the Great Depression of the 1930s, when the previous laissez-faire approach to economic management became unworkable. Fiscal policy is based on the theories of the British economist John Maynard Keynes, whose Keynesian economics theorised that government changes in the levels of taxation and government spending influence aggregate demand and the level of economic activity. Fiscal and monetary policy are the key strategies used by a country's government and central bank to advance its economic objectives. The combination of these policies enables these authorities to target inflation (which is considered "healthy" at the level in the range 2%–3%) and to increase employment. Additionally, it is designed to try to k ...
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