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Baku Governorate
The Baku Governorate, known before 1859 as the Shemakha Governorate, was a province ('' guberniya'') of the Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire, with its center in the booming metropolis and Caspian Sea port of Baku. Area (1897): 34,400 sq. versts, population (1897): 789,659. The Baku Governorate bordered Persia to the south, the Elizavetpol Governorate (the Tiflis and Erivan governorates before 1868) to the west, the Dagestan Oblast to the north, and the Baku Gradonachalstvo to the east on the Absheron Peninsula. History The governorate was originally established in 1846 as the Shamakha Governorate, replacing what had been several military precincts. Following the catastrophic 1859 Shamakhi earthquake, the capital of the governorate was transferred from Shamakha ( Shаmakhi) to the fast-growing city of Baku, and on July 12, 1859, the governorate's name was changed accordingly. The coat of arms of the Baku Governorate was instituted on July 5, 1878. Initially, the Baku ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mount Bazardüzü
Mount Bazardüzü (, ; lez, Кичӏен сув ; russian: Базардюзю, ) is a mountain peak in the Greater Caucasus range on the border between Dagestan, Russia and Azerbaijan. At above sea level, it is the highest peak in both Dagestan and Azerbaijan, and is located in the Qusar region. The southernmost point of Dagestan (and therefore Russia) is located about seven kilometers southwest of the peak. Translated from Azerbaijani, Bazarduzu means “market square”, more precisely as a specific landmark - “turn to the market, bazaar”. In the Middle Ages in the Shahnabad Valley, located east of this peak, annual large multinational fairs were held. Climbing G. P. Baker and G. Yeld were the first men climbing the Mount in 1890 when the first ascent was recorded. Summer is considered the most appropriate period to climb the peak. There are two approaches to the Mount: one from the northeast and another from the southwest. In the northeast climbs can begin from the vi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Baku Gradonachalstvo
The Baku Gradonachalstvo was a municipal district (''gradonachalstvo'') based around the city of Baku in the Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire. The Baku Gradonachalstvo was formed in 1906 on the territory of the Baku uezd of the Baku Governorate following the Armenian–Tatar Massacres, until its disestablishment after the revolution of 1917. The area of the Baku Gradonachalstvo corresponded to the Absheron Peninsula, located in easternmost present-day Azerbaijan Azerbaijan (, ; az, Azərbaycan ), officially the Republic of Azerbaijan, , also sometimes officially called the Azerbaijan Republic is a transcontinental country located at the boundary of Eastern Europe and Western Asia. It is a part of th .... Administrative divisions The police precincts (') of the Baku Gradonachalstvo in 1917 were as follows: Demographics Caucasian Calendar (1917) According to the 1917 publication of the ''Caucasian Calendar'', the Baku Gradonachalstvo had 405,829 residents ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Illarion Vorontsov-Dashkov
Count Illarion Ivanovich Vorontsov-Dashkov (russian: Илларио́н Ива́нович Воронцов-Дашков; 27 May 1837 – 15 January 1916) was a notable representative of the Vorontsov family. He served as Minister of Imperial Properties in 1881-97 and the Governor-General of the Caucasus Viceroyalty (1801–1917) in 1905–15. Career Illarion Vorontsov was born on 27 May 1837 in Saint Petersburg. He took part in the conquest of Central Asia in the 1860s and was appointed Major General in 1866. He was in charge of the Hussar regiment of the Leub Guard in 1867–74. He was on friendly terms with the future Alexander III of Russia and, following Alexander's father's assassination, established a counter-revolutionary squad, or "holy druzhina", whose members included Konstantin Pobedonostsev, Nicholas Pavlovich Ignatiev, and Mikhail Katkov. Alexander III put Vorontsov-Dashkov in charge of the imperial court and made him Full General of Cavalry. He also was made res ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Armenian–Tatar Massacres Of 1905–1907
The Armenian–Tatar massacres (also known as the Armenian-Tartar war, the Armeno-Tartar war) refers to the bloody inter-ethnic confrontation between Armenians and Caucasian Tatars (later known as Azerbaijanis) throughout the Russian Caucasus in 1905–1907. The massacres started during the Russian Revolution of 1905. The most violent clashes occurred in 1905 in February in Baku, in May in Nakhchivan, in August in Shusha and in November in Elizabethpol, heavily damaging the cities and the Baku oilfields. Some violence, although of lesser scale, broke out also in Tiflis. The clashes were not confined to the towns; 128 Armenian and 158 Tatar villages were sacked and ruined. The total number of lives lost ranges is estimated between 3,100 to 10,000. Another 15,000 people were uprooted. Svante Cornell states that ARF members on the Armenian side were more effective and Tatars being poorly organized, leading to more casualties on the Tatar side. However, the Armenians sustained m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anti-Armenian Sentiment
Anti-Armenian sentiment, also known as anti-Armenianism and Armenophobia, is hostility to, prejudice towards, or discrimination against towards Armenians, Armenia, and Armenian culture. Historically, anti-Armenianism has manifested in several ways, ranging from expressions of hatred of or discrimination against individual Armenians to organized pogroms by mobs or state-sanctioned genocide. Notable instances or persecution include the Hamidean massacres (1894-1897), the Adana massacre (1909), the Armenian genocide (1915), the Stalinist Great Purge (1936-1938), and the Sumgait pogrom (1988). Modern anti-Armenianism is often expressed by opposition to the actions or existence of an Armenian state, aggressive denial of the Armenian genocide or belief in an Armenian conspiracy to fabricate history and manipulate public and political opinion for political gain. Anti-Armenianism has also manifested as extrajudicial killing or intimidation of people of Armenian heritage and destruc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Armenian Apostolic Church
, native_name_lang = hy , icon = Armenian Apostolic Church logo.svg , icon_width = 100px , icon_alt = , image = Էջմիածնի_Մայր_Տաճար.jpg , imagewidth = 250px , alt = , caption = Etchmiadzin Cathedral, the mother church of the Armenian Apostolic Church , abbreviation = , type = , main_classification = Eastern Christian , orientation = Oriental Orthodox , scripture = Septuagint, New Testament, Armenian versions , theology = Miaphysitism , polity = Episcopal , governance = Mother See of Holy Etchmiadzin , structure = , leader_title = Head , leader_name = Catholicos of All Armenians Karekin II , leader_title1 = , leader_name1 = , leader_title2 = , leader_name2 = , leader_title3 = , leader_name3 = , associations ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grigory Golitsyn
Prince Grigory Sergeyevich Golitsyn (russian: Григорий Серге́евич Голицын; 20 December 1838 – 28 March 1907) was a Russian general and statesman from the princely Golitsyn family. Biography Born on 20 December 1838 (1 January 1839) on the estate Staraya Ves in the Hungrovsky district of the Sedletsk province (another date of birth is also indicated - 20 October 1838 and the place of birth - the village of Garbów, Lublin district, Lublin province) ... His parents: father - Prince Sergei Grigorievich (1803-1868), retired captain of the Guards artillery, writer; mother - Maria Ivanovna, nee Countess Ezerskaya (1819-1881). Brothers and sisters: Julia (1840-1914, maid of honor), Maria (1841-1896, married to the chamberlain of the Austrian court, Count Friedrich Rummerskirch), Catherine (1844-1864), Lev (1845-1915, chief winemaker of the Main Directorate of estates), Fedor (1850-1920, chamberlain, leader of the nobility of the Khvalynsky district of the S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alexander Mantashev
Alexander Mantashev (, Aleksandr Mantashiants; , Aleksandr Ivanovich Mantashev; 3 March 1842 – 19 April 1911) was a prominent Russian oil magnate, industrialist, financier, and a philanthropist of the Armenian origin. By the end of his life he had become one of the world's wealthiest individuals. Early life Born in Tiflis, Tiflis Governorate, Russian Empire, Mantashev spent most of his childhood in Tabriz, in northern Iran, where his father was involved in the cotton and textile trade. Being the only son, he was involved in his father's business affairs early on. In 1869, he moved to Manchester (known as Cottonopolis in the 19th century), a major center of cotton and textile processing industries, from where he helped ship goods to his father in Tabriz. Mantashev's stay in Manchester played an important role in the development of his character. Not only did he learn the secrets and crafts of the textile industry in Manchester, but he also delved into the intricacies of Europe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Azerbaijanis
Azerbaijanis (; az, Azərbaycanlılar, ), Azeris ( az, Azərilər, ), or Azerbaijani Turks ( az, Azərbaycan Türkləri, ) are a Turkic people living mainly in northwestern Iran and the Republic of Azerbaijan. They are the second-most numerous ethnic group among the Turkic-speaking peoples after Turkish people and are predominantly Shia Muslims. They comprise the largest ethnic group in the Republic of Azerbaijan and the second-largest ethnic group in neighboring Iran and Georgia. They speak the Azerbaijani language, belonging to the Oghuz branch of the Turkic languages and carry a mixed heritage of Caucasian, "The Albanians in the eastern plain leading down to the Caspian Sea mixed with the Turkish population and eventually became Muslims." "...while the eastern Transcaucasian countryside was home to a very large Turkic-speaking Muslim population. The Russians referred to them as Tartars, but we now consider them Azerbaijanis, a distinct people with their own language and c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Armenians
Armenians ( hy, հայեր, ''hayer'' ) are an ethnic group native to the Armenian highlands of Western Asia. Armenians constitute the main population of Armenia and the ''de facto'' independent Artsakh. There is a wide-ranging diaspora of around five million people of full or partial Armenian ancestry living outside modern Armenia. The largest Armenian populations today exist in Russia, the United States, France, Georgia, Iran, Germany, Ukraine, Lebanon, Brazil, and Syria. With the exceptions of Iran and the former Soviet states, the present-day Armenian diaspora was formed mainly as a result of the Armenian genocide. Richard G. Hovannisian, ''The Armenian people from ancient to modern times: the fifteenth century to the twentieth century'', Volume 2, p. 421, Palgrave Macmillan, 1997. Armenian is an Indo-European language. It has two mutually intelligible spoken and written forms: Eastern Armenian, today spoken mainly in Armenia, Artsakh, Iran, and the former Soviet ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shaki Khanate
The Shaki Khanate ( fa, خانات شکّی, also spelled as Sheki Khanate, Shekin Khanate, Shakki Khanate) was one of the most powerful of the Khanates of the Caucasus, Caucasian Khanates established in Afsharid dynasty, Afsharid Iran, on the northern territories of modern Azerbaijan, between 1743 and 1819 with its capital in the town of Shaki, Azerbaijan, Shaki. History The khanate was founded in 1743 as a result of revolt led by Haji Chalabi Khan against Safavid Empire. It was considered one of the strongest feudal states in Caucasus. The capital of the khanate Shaki, the most populated settlement in the state, was destroyed by floods in 1772, subsequently leading to suburbanization of the town and re-population of the countryside. Starting from the end of the 18th century, Shaki khans sought military assistance from the Russian Empire due to growing tensions with Qajars. As Agha Muhammad Khan re-established Iranian suzerainty over all former Safavid and Afsharid dependencies ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Karabakh Khanate
The Karabakh Khanate was a semi-independent Turkic peoples, Turkic Khanates of the Caucasus, Caucasian khanate on the territories of modern-day Armenia and Azerbaijan established in about 1748 under Safavid dynasty, Iranian suzerainty in Karabakh and adjacent areas. The Karabakh Khanate came under the control of the Russian Empire in 1805 during the course of the Russo-Persian War (1804–13). The Russian annexation of Karabakh was not formalized until the Treaty of Gulistan in 1813, when Fath-Ali Shah Qajar, Fath-Ali Shah of Qajar Iran officially ceded Karabakh to Tsar Alexander I of Russia. The khanate continued to exist under Russian suzerainty until its formal abolition in 1822, when the Karabakh Province, with a military administration, was formed. Russian control was decisively confirmed by the Treaty of Turkmenchay with Iran in 1828. History Background The precursor of the Karabakh Khanate, the Safavid Safavid Karabakh, province of Karabakh, was one of the provinces ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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