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Babuvirus
''Babuvirus'' is a genus of viruses, in the family ''Nanoviridae''. ''Musa'' species serve as natural hosts. There are three species in this genus. Diseases associated with this genus include: stunting, severe necrosis and early plant death. BBTV induces banana bunchy top disease (BBTD). Taxonomy The following species are included in the genus: * ''Abaca bunchy top virus'' * ''Banana bunchy top virus'' * '' Cardamom bushy dwarf virus'' Structure and genome Viruses in the genus ''Babuvirus'' are non-enveloped, with icosahedral and round geometries, and T=1 symmetry. The diameter is around 18-19 nm. Genomes are multipartite Multipartite is a class of virus that have segmented nucleic acid genomes, with each segment of the genome enclosed in a separate viral particle. Only a few ssDNA viruses have multipartite genomes, but a lot more RNA viruses have multipartite geno ... with 6 to 8 circular segments. Genome size is around 81 kb in totsl. Life cycle Viral replicat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Babuvirus Genome
''Babuvirus'' is a genus of viruses, in the family ''Nanoviridae''. ''Musa'' species serve as natural hosts. There are three species in this genus. Diseases associated with this genus include: stunting, severe necrosis and early plant death. BBTV induces banana bunchy top disease (BBTD). Taxonomy The following species are included in the genus: * ''Abaca bunchy top virus'' * ''Banana bunchy top virus'' * '' Cardamom bushy dwarf virus'' Structure and genome Viruses in the genus ''Babuvirus'' are non-enveloped, with icosahedral and round geometries, and T=1 symmetry. The diameter is around 18-19 nm. Genomes are multipartite Multipartite is a class of virus that have segmented nucleic acid genomes, with each segment of the genome enclosed in a separate viral particle. Only a few ssDNA viruses have multipartite genomes, but a lot more RNA viruses have multipartite geno ... with 6 to 8 circular segments. Genome size is around 81 kb in totsl. Life cycle Viral replicat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nanoviridae
''Nanoviridae'' is a family of viruses. Plants serve as natural hosts. There are currently 12 species in this family, divided among 2 genera and one unassigned species. Diseases associated with this family include: stunting. Their name is derived from the Greek word νᾶνος (''nanos''; dwarf), because of their small genome and their stunting effect on infected plants. Taxonomy The recognized genera are: * ''Babuvirus'' * ''Nanovirus'' The unassigned species is ''Coconut foliar decay virus''. Virus structure and genome Viruses in the family ''Nanoviridae'' are non-enveloped, with icosahedral and round geometries, and T=1 symmetry. The diameter is around 18-19 nm. The genome is composed of a multiple segments of single stranded circular DNA each ~1 kilobase in length (about 81 kb in total length). There between 6 and 11 circular segments depending on the genus. The segments each encode a single protein. There is a putative stem loop structure in the non-coding region ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abaca Bunchy Top Virus
Abaca bunchy top virus (ABTV) is a pathogenic plant virus of the family ''Nanoviridae''. ABTV has been isolated from both abacá (''Musa textilis'') and banana (Musa sp.). ABTV has many similarities to banana bunchy top virus (BBTV) but is both genetically and serologically distinct in that it lacks two open reading frames found in BBTV's genome. ATBV's genome contains six circular components, each of which are 1,000-1,500 base pairs in length. __TOC__ Spread The virus, first detected in 1915 at Silang, Cavite, Philippines, has since spread to various provinces in the country, and damaged more than of abacá plantations in 2002 alone. Resistance In 2009, University of the Philippines Los Baños researchers funded by the Department of Agriculture developed an abacá variety that is resistant to the ABTV. The university is working further to make it resistant to mosaic and abacá bract mosaic virus Abaca bract mosaic virus (ABrMV) is a plant pathogenic virus of the family ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Banana Bunchy Top Virus
''Banana bunchy top virus'' (BBTV) is a plant pathogenic virus of the family Nanoviridae known for infecting banana plants and other crops. It is aphid transmitted. Definition Banana bunchy top is a viral disease caused by a single-stranded DNA virus called the banana bunchy top virus (BBTV). It was first identified in Fiji in 1879, and has spread around the world since then. Like many viruses, BBTV was named after the symptoms seen, where the infected plants are stunted and have "bunchy" leaves at the top. The disease is transmitted from plant-to-plant in tropical regions of the world by aphids, banana aphids which can also feed on ''Heliconia'' and flowering ginger (from the family Zingiberaceae), which is an important factor in control of the disease. There are no resistant varieties, so controlling the spread by vectors and plant materials are the only management methods. Symptoms include spotting any deformed plant appearance. Transmission All babuviruses are aphid tr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Viruses
A virus is a submicroscopic infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells of an organism. Viruses infect all life forms, from animals and plants to microorganisms, including bacteria and archaea. Since Dmitri Ivanovsky's 1892 article describing a non-bacterial pathogen infecting tobacco plants and the discovery of the tobacco mosaic virus by Martinus Beijerinck in 1898,Dimmock p. 4 more than 9,000 virus species have been described in detail of the millions of types of viruses in the environment. Viruses are found in almost every ecosystem on Earth and are the most numerous type of biological entity. The study of viruses is known as virology, a subspeciality of microbiology. When infected, a host cell is often forced to rapidly produce thousands of copies of the original virus. When not inside an infected cell or in the process of infecting a cell, viruses exist in the form of independent particles, or ''virions'', consisting of (i) the genetic material, i.e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Musa (genus)
''Musa'' is one of two or three genera in the family Musaceae. The genus includes flowering plants producing edible bananas and plantains. Around 70 species of ''Musa'' are known, with a broad variety of uses. Though they grow as high as trees, banana and plantain plants are not woody and their apparent " stem" is made up of the bases of the huge leaf stalks. Thus, they are technically gigantic herbaceous plants. ''Musa'' species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species, including the giant leopard moth and other ''Hypercompe'' species, including '' H. albescens'' (only recorded on ''Musa''), '' H. eridanus'', and '' H. icasia''. Description Banana plants represent some of the largest herbaceous plants existing in the present, with some reaching up to in height (59 feet (18 meters) in the case of '' Musa ingens''). The large herb is composed of a modified underground stem (rhizome), a false trunk of tightly rolled petioles, a netw ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cardamom Bushy Dwarf Virus
Cardamom (), sometimes cardamon or cardamum, is a spice made from the seeds of several plants in the genera '' Elettaria'' and '' Amomum'' in the family Zingiberaceae. Both genera are native to the Indian subcontinent and Indonesia. They are recognized by their small seed pods: triangular in cross-section and spindle-shaped, with a thin, papery outer shell and small, black seeds; ''Elettaria'' pods are light green and smaller, while ''Amomum'' pods are larger and dark brown. Species used for cardamom are native throughout tropical and subtropical Asia. The first references to cardamom are found in Sumer, and in the Ayurvedic literatures of India. Nowadays it is also cultivated in Guatemala, Malaysia, and Tanzania. The German coffee planter Oscar Majus Klöffer introduced Indian cardamom to cultivation in Guatemala before World War I; by 2000, that country had become the biggest producer and exporter of cardamom in the world, followed by India. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Multipartite
Multipartite is a class of virus that have segmented nucleic acid genomes, with each segment of the genome enclosed in a separate viral particle. Only a few ssDNA viruses have multipartite genomes, but a lot more RNA viruses have multipartite genomes.http://www.ndsu.edu/pubweb/~mcclean/plsc411/viral-genome-structures-lecture-and-overheads.pdf An advantage of multipartite genome is its ability to synthesize multiple mRNA In molecular biology, messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) is a single-stranded molecule of RNA that corresponds to the genetic sequence of a gene, and is read by a ribosome in the process of synthesizing a protein. mRNA is created during the ... strands to avoid the cellular constraint of monocistronicity. Until recently, it was not known how multipartite viruses could efficiently infect a single cell with all the segments that comprise their genome simultaneously, which was thought to be necessary for replication. It has since been shown that the segments ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
International Committee On Taxonomy Of Viruses
The International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) authorizes and organizes the taxonomic classification of and the nomenclatures for viruses. The ICTV has developed a universal taxonomic scheme for viruses, and thus has the means to appropriately describe, name, and classify every virus that affects living organisms. The members of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses are considered expert virologists. The ICTV was formed from and is governed by the Virology Division of the International Union of Microbiological Societies. Detailed work, such as delimiting the boundaries of species within a family, typically is performed by study groups of experts in the families. History The International Committee on Nomenclature of Viruses (ICNV) was established in 1966, at the International Congress for Microbiology in Moscow, to standardize the naming of viruses. The ICVN published its first report in 1971. For viruses infecting vertebrates, the first report included ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
