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Babiacetus
''Babiacetus'' is an extinct genus of early cetacean that lived during the late Lutetian middle Eocene of India ().. Retrieved April 2013. It was named after its type locality, the Harudi Formation in the Babia Hills (: paleocoordinates ), Kutch District, Gujarat, India. ''Babiacetus'' was named by in an abstract based on the specimen's type (GSI 19647, left and right dentaries with cheek teeth). Gingerich and colleagues found a skull (GSP-UM 3005, much of a skull and lower jaws) while collecting a skeleton of a new species of Protosiren (''Protosiren sattaensis'') in the Drazinda Formation (, paleocoordinates ) in the Sulaiman Range of Punjab, Pakistan. described both the original find and their new specimen. described '' B. mishrai'' from the specimen (RUSB 2512, a partial skull) collected in the Harudi Formation.. Retrieved March 2013. ''Babiacetus'' is one of the larger protocetids. Its hydrodynamic skull and pointed, anteroposteriorly (front-back) oriented incisor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Babiacetus Mishrai
''Babiacetus'' is an extinct genus of early cetacean that lived during the late Lutetian middle Eocene of India ().. Retrieved April 2013. It was named after its type locality, the Harudi Formation in the Babia Hills (: paleocoordinates ), Kutch District, Gujarat, India. ''Babiacetus'' was named by in an abstract based on the specimen's type (GSI 19647, left and right dentaries with cheek teeth). Gingerich and colleagues found a skull (GSP-UM 3005, much of a skull and lower jaws) while collecting a skeleton of a new species of Protosiren (''Protosiren sattaensis'') in the Drazinda Formation (, paleocoordinates ) in the Sulaiman Range of Punjab, Pakistan. described both the original find and their new specimen. described '' B. mishrai'' from the specimen (RUSB 2512, a partial skull) collected in the Harudi Formation.. Retrieved March 2013. ''Babiacetus'' is one of the larger protocetids. Its hydrodynamic skull and pointed, anteroposteriorly (front-back) oriented incisor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Babiacetus Indicus
''Babiacetus'' is an extinct genus of early cetacean that lived during the late Lutetian middle Eocene of India ().. Retrieved April 2013. It was named after its type locality, the Harudi Formation in the Babia Hills (: paleocoordinates ), Kutch District, Gujarat, India. ''Babiacetus'' was named by in an abstract based on the specimen's type (GSI 19647, left and right dentaries with cheek teeth). Gingerich and colleagues found a skull (GSP-UM 3005, much of a skull and lower jaws) while collecting a skeleton of a new species of Protosiren (''Protosiren sattaensis'') in the Drazinda Formation (, paleocoordinates ) in the Sulaiman Range of Punjab, Pakistan. described both the original find and their new specimen. described '' B. mishrai'' from the specimen (RUSB 2512, a partial skull) collected in the Harudi Formation.. Retrieved March 2013. ''Babiacetus'' is one of the larger protocetids. Its hydrodynamic skull and pointed, anteroposteriorly (front-back) oriented incisor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pappocetus
} ''Pappocetus'' is an extinct protocetid cetacean known from the Eocene of Nigeria and Togo. The type specimen BMNH M11414 an incomplete left mandible with symphysis, a deciduous premolar, and unerupted molars. It was found in Bartonian () layers of the Ameki Formation (, paleocoordinates ) in southern Nigeria. The specimen M11086 is a left mandibular ramus broken in three pieces with sockets for canines and incisors and the front part of a single-rooted P1. Andrews, to whom the two specimens were brought separately, noted that they "to some extent supplement one another, so that the structure is fairly clear" and thus estimated the size and morphology of the missing parts by comparing the specimens to each other. ''Pappocetus'' differs from all other known protocetid genera by the step-like notch on the ventral margin of the mandible below M2 and M3; from '' Indocetus'' and ''Rodhocetus'' by the deciduous double-rooted P1; from '' Protocetus'' and ''Babiacetus'' by the pre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Protocetidae
Protocetidae, the protocetids, form a diverse and heterogeneous group of extinct cetaceans known from Asia, Europe, Africa, South America, and North America. Description There were many genera, and some of these are very well known (e.g., ''Rodhocetus''). Known protocetids had large fore- and hindlimbs that could support the body on land, and it is likely that they lived amphibiously: in the sea and on land. It is unclear at present whether protocetids had flukes (the horizontal tail fin of modern cetaceans). However, what is clear is that they are adapted even further to an aquatic life-style. In ''Rodhocetus'', for example, the sacrum – a bone that in land-mammals is a fusion of five vertebrae that connects the pelvis with the rest of the vertebral column – was divided into loose vertebrae. However, the pelvis retain a sacroiliac joint. Furthermore, the nasal openings are now halfway up the snout; a first step towards the telescoped condition in modern whales. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indocetus
''Indocetus'' is a protocetid early whale known from the late early Eocene (Lutetian, ) Harudi Formation (, paleocoordinates ) in Kutch, India. The holotype of is a partial skull in two pieces with the frontal shield and the right occiput and auditory bulla preserved. described postcranial remains from the Sulaiman Range, Punjab, Pakistan, and attributed them to ''Indocetus''. , however, withdrew this assignment and instead attributed this postcranial material to ''Remingtonocetus'' because of similarities to the then newly discovered remingtonocetid ''Dalanistes'', including a longer neck and fused sacral vertebral elements. This leaves ''Indocetus'' without postcranial remains, but undescribed material (as of 1998) from Kutch most likely include some that can be attributed to ''Indocetus''. Furthermore, '' Rodhocetus'', also from Sulaiman, is very similar to ''Indocetus'' and it is possible that these genera are synonyms. ''Indocetus'' is known from a partial skull, tw ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Georgiacetus
''Georgiacetus'' is an extinct genus of ancient whale known from the Eocene period of the United States. Fossils are known from Georgia, Alabama, and Mississippi and protocetid fossils from the right time frame, but not yet confirmed as ''Georgiacetus'', have been found in Texas () and South Carolina (). created a new clade, Pelagiceti, for the common ancestor of Basilosauridae and all of its descendants, including Neoceti, the living cetaceans. He placed ''Georgiacetus'' near the base of this clade together with ''Eocetus'' and perhaps ''Babiacetus'' because of the assumed presence of a fluke and very compressed posterior caudal vertebrae in these genera. ''Georgiacetus'' is an extinct protocetid (early whale) which lived about and hunted the rich, Suwannee Current powered coastal sea which once covered the Southeastern United States. This was during the earliest Bartonian Stage of the Eocene Epoch (). Current research puts ''Georgiacetus'' as the link between the protoce ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Protosiren
''Protosiren'' is an extinct early genus of the order Sirenia. ''Protosiren'' existed throughout the Lutetian to Priabonian stages of the Middle Eocene. Fossils have been found in the far-flung locations like the United States (South Carolina, North Carolina and Florida), Africa (Egypt), Europe (France, Germany and Hungary) and Asia (India and Pakistan). So far, five species have been named. From comparative anatomy and chronological order,Gingerich P.D., Arif M, Bhatti M.A., Anwar M & Sanders W.J. (1997). "''Basilosaurus drazindai'' and ''Basiloterus hussaini'', New Archaeoceti (Mammalia, Cetacea) from the Middle Eocene Drazinda Formation, with a Revised Interpretation of Ages of Whale-Bearing Strata in the Kirthar Group of the Sulaiman Range, Punjab (Pakistan)". ''Contributions from the Museum of Paleontology, University of Michigan'' 30(2): p. 55–81Gingerich P.D., Muhammad A, Bhatti M.A., Raza H.A. & Raza S.M. (1995). "''Protosiren'' and ''Babiacetus'' (Mammalia, Sirenia and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eocene
The Eocene ( ) Epoch is a geological epoch (geology), epoch that lasted from about 56 to 33.9 million years ago (mya). It is the second epoch of the Paleogene Period (geology), Period in the modern Cenozoic Era (geology), Era. The name ''Eocene'' comes from the Ancient Greek (''ēṓs'', "dawn") and (''kainós'', "new") and refers to the "dawn" of modern ('new') fauna that appeared during the epoch. The Eocene spans the time from the end of the Paleocene Epoch to the beginning of the Oligocene Epoch. The start of the Eocene is marked by a brief period in which the concentration of the carbon isotope Carbon-13, 13C in the atmosphere was exceptionally low in comparison with the more common isotope Carbon-12, 12C. The end is set at a major extinction event called the ''Grande Coupure'' (the "Great Break" in continuity) or the Eocene–Oligocene extinction event, which may be related to the impact of one or more large bolides in Popigai impact structure, Siberia and in what is now ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ramus Of The Mandible
In anatomy, the mandible, lower jaw or jawbone is the largest, strongest and lowest bone in the human facial skeleton. It forms the lower jaw and holds the lower teeth in place. The mandible sits beneath the maxilla. It is the only movable bone of the skull (discounting the ossicles of the middle ear). It is connected to the temporal bones by the temporomandibular joints. The bone is formed in the fetus from a fusion of the left and right mandibular prominences, and the point where these sides join, the mandibular symphysis, is still visible as a faint ridge in the midline. Like other symphyses in the body, this is a midline articulation where the bones are joined by fibrocartilage, but this articulation fuses together in early childhood.Illustrated Anatomy of the Head and Neck, Fehrenbach and Herring, Elsevier, 2012, p. 59 The word "mandible" derives from the Latin word ''mandibula'', "jawbone" (literally "one used for chewing"), from '' mandere'' "to chew" and ''-bula'' (i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prehistoric Cetacean Genera
Prehistory, also known as pre-literary history, is the period of human history between the use of the first stone tools by hominins 3.3 million years ago and the beginning of recorded history with the invention of writing systems. The use of symbols, marks, and images appears very early among humans, but the earliest known writing systems appeared 5000 years ago. It took thousands of years for writing systems to be widely adopted, with writing spreading to almost all cultures by the 19th century. The end of prehistory therefore came at very different times in different places, and the term is less often used in discussing societies where prehistory ended relatively recently. In the early Bronze Age, Sumer in Mesopotamia, the Indus Valley Civilisation, and ancient Egypt were the first civilizations to develop their own scripts and to keep historical records, with their neighbors following. Most other civilizations reached the end of prehistory during the following Iron Age. T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diastema (dentistry)
A diastema (plural diastemata, from Greek διάστημα, space) is a space or gap between two teeth. Many species of mammals have diastemata as a normal feature, most commonly between the incisors and molars. More colloquially, the condition may be referred to as gap teeth or tooth gap. In humans, the term is most commonly applied to an open space between the upper incisors (front teeth). It happens when there is an unequal relationship between the size of the teeth and the jaw. Diastemata are common for children and can exist in adult teeth as well. In humans Causes 1. Oversized Labial Frenulum: Diastema is sometimes caused or exacerbated by the action of a labial frenulum (the tissue connecting the lip to the gum), causing high mucosal attachment and less attached keratinized tissue. This is more prone to recession or by tongue thrusting, which can push the teeth apart. 2. Periodontal Disease: Periodontal disease, also known as gum disease, can result in bone loss that ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rodhocetus
''Rodhocetus'' (from ''Rodho'', the geological anticline at the type locality, and ''cetus'', Latin for whale) is an extinct genus of protocetid early whale known from the Lutetian of Pakistan. The best-known protocetid, ''Rodhocetus'' is known from two partial skeletons that taken together give a complete image of an Eocene whale that had short limbs with long hands and feet that were probably webbed and a sacrum that was immobile with four partially fused sacral vertebrae. It is one of several extinct whale genera that possess land mammal characteristics, thus demonstrating the evolutionary transition from land to sea. Description left, Size of ''Rodhocetus'' relative to a human. ''Rodhocetus'' was a small whale measuring long. Throughout the 1990s, a close relationship between cetaceans and mesonychids, an extinct group of cursorial, wolf-like ungulates, was generally accepted based on morphological analyses. In the late 1990s, however, cladistic analyses based on molecula ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
