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Brotia Pagodula
''Brotia pagodula'' is a species of freshwater snail with an operculum, an aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family Pachychilidae. Taxonomy ''Brotia pagodula'' is the type species of the genus ''Brotia''.Köhler F., Holford, Do V. T. & Ho T. H. (2009). "Exploring a largely unknown fauna: On the diversity of pachychilid freshwater gastropods in Vietnam (Caenogastropoda: Cerithioidea)". ''Molluscan Research'' 29(3): 121-146abstract There is evidence from analysis of mtDNA that this species may actually be two distinct species living in the same area. Distribution This species occurs in: * Myanmar * Thailand Human use It is a part of ornamental pet trade for freshwater aquaria.Ng, T. H., Tan, S. K., Wong, W. H., Meier, R., Chan, S. Y., Tan, H. H., & Yeo, D. C. (2016). "Molluscs for sale: assessment of freshwater gastropods and bivalves in the ornamental pet trade". ''PLOS One'' 11(8): e0161130. Common names for the species include the porcupine snail, the pagoda snail, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gastropod Shell
The gastropod shell is part of the body of a Gastropoda, gastropod or snail, a kind of mollusc. The shell is an exoskeleton, which protects from predators, mechanical damage, and dehydration, but also serves for muscle attachment and calcium storage. Some gastropods appear shell-less (slugs) but may have a remnant within the mantle, or in some cases the shell is reduced such that the body cannot be retracted within it (semi-slug). Some snails also possess an operculum that seals the opening of the shell, known as the Aperture (mollusc), aperture, which provides further protection. The study of mollusc shells is known as conchology. The biological study of gastropods, and other molluscs in general, is malacology. Shell morphology terms vary by species group. Shell layers The gastropod shell has three major layers secreted by the Mantle (mollusc), mantle. The calcareous central layer, tracum, is typically made of calcium carbonate precipitated into an organic matrix known as c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aquatic Animal
An aquatic animal is any animal, whether invertebrate or vertebrate, that lives in water for most or all of its lifetime. Many insects such as mosquitoes, mayflies, dragonflies and caddisflies have aquatic larvae, with winged adults. Aquatic animals may breathe air or extract oxygen from water through specialised organs called gills, or directly through the skin. Natural environments and the animals that live in them can be categorized as aquatic (water) or terrestrial (land). This designation is polyphyletic. Description The term aquatic can be applied to animals that live in either fresh water or salt water. However, the adjective marine is most commonly used for animals that live in saltwater, i.e. in oceans, seas, etc. Aquatic animals (especially freshwater animals) are often of special concern to conservationists because of the fragility of their environments. Aquatic animals are subject to pressure from overfishing, destructive fishing, marine pollution, hunting, and cli ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Freshwater Aquarium
A freshwater aquarium is a receptacle that holds one or more freshwater aquatic organisms for decorative, pet-keeping, or research purposes. Modern aquariums are most often made from transparent glass or acrylic glass. Typical inhabitants include fish, plants, amphibians, and invertebrates, such as snails and crustaceans. Freshwater fish may be either coldwater or tropical species. Although freshwater aquariums can be set up as community tanks, coldwater and tropical fish are generally not mixed due to incompatibilities in temperature requirements. Coldwater aquariums house goldfish and other species that do not require a heating apparatus. Warmer temperatures would actually increase their metabolism and shorten their lifespan.Johnson, E. L., & Hess, R. E. (2006). ''Fancy goldfish: A complete guide to care and collecting'', Weatherhill: Shambala Publications, Inc. For a tropical fish tank, maintaining a warm environmental temperature ranging between 75 and 80 °F (24 to 2 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pet Trade
Wildlife trade refers to the of products that are derived from non-domesticated animals or plants usually extracted from their natural environment or raised under controlled conditions. It can involve the trade of living or dead individuals, tissues such as skins, bones or meat, or other products. Legal wildlife trade is regulated by the United Nations' Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), which currently has 184 member countries called ''Parties''. Illegal wildlife trade is widespread and constitutes one of the major illegal economic activities, comparable to the traffic of drugs and weapons. Wildlife trade is a serious conservation problem, has a negative effect on the viability of many wildlife populations and is one of the major threats to the survival of vertebrate species.The illegal wildlife trade has been linked to the emergence and spread of new infectious diseases in humans, including emergent viruses. Global initia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brotia Pagodula Shell 2
''Brotia'' is a genus of Southeast Asian freshwater snails, gastropod molluscs in the taxonomic family Pachychilidae.Köhler F. & Glaubrecht M. (2006). "A systematic revision of the Southeast Asian freshwater gastropod ''Brotia'' (Cerithioidea: Pachychilidae)". '' Malacologia'' 48159251. The generic name ''Brotia'' is apparently in honor of a Swiss malacologist Auguste Louis Brot (1821-1896). Distribution Species of ''Brotia'' occur in freshwater habitats of Southeast Asia, ranging from Northern India in the west through to Sumatra in the east. This range includes India, Myanmar, Bangladesh, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, China (1 species), Cambodia, Malaysia and Indonesia (Sumatra and Borneo only). Biology Species are found predominantly in fast flowing, well oxygenated rivers, occasionally also in lakes. They are gonochoristic, and viviparous, retaining developing eggs and youngs in special brood pouch. Species Species within the genus ''Brotia'' include ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Non-marine Molluscs Of Thailand
The non-marine mollusks of Thailand are a part of the molluscan fauna of Thailand (the wildlife of Thailand). A number of species of non-marine mollusks are found in the wild in Thailand. There is known at least 23 families, 57 genera and 125 species of land gastropods from Eastern Thailand.Dumrongrojwattana P., Matchacheep S., Kharmkhaew A., Pimubol T., Phookitsana S., Wongtanapanya A. (PDF file created 22 December 2006). "Pre-checklist of non-marine mollusks from Eastern Thailand. (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Basommatophora; Systellomatophora; Stylommatophora)". 7 pp., pages unnumberedPDF. There is known at least 8 species of freshwater gastropods and at least 2 species of freshwater bivalves from the Sakaeo Province in the Eastern Thailand. Boon-ngam P., Sriyarun J., Tanamai S. & Dumrongrojwattana P. (PDF file created 12 January 2010). "การศึกษาเบืองต้ นความหลากชนิดของหอยทากบก และหอยนํ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Non-marine Molluscs Of Myanmar
The non-marine molluscs of Myanmar are a part of the fauna of Myanmar (wildlife of Myanmar). A number of species of molluscs are found in the wild in Myanmar. Freshwater gastropods Freshwater gastropods in Myanmar include: Viviparidae * ''Angulyagra oxytropis'' (Benson, 1836) * ''Bellamya bengalensis'' (Lamarck, 1882) Assimineidae * '' Assiminea beddomeana'' Nevill, 1880 * '' Assiminea brevicula'' Pfeiffer, 1854 * '' Assiminea francesiae'' Wood, 1828 * '' Assiminea microsculpta'' Nevill, 1880 Bithyniidae * '' Bithynia moreletiana'' Nevill, 1877 * '' Bithynia pulchella'' Benson, 1836 * '' Bithynia pygmaea'' Preston, 1908 * ''Bithynia siamensis'' Lea, 1856 Ellobiidae * '' Auriculastra subula'' (Qouy & Gaimard, 1832) – in brackish waters Pachychilidae * '' Brotia pagodula'' (Gould, 1847) * '' Faunus ater'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Sulcospira housei'' (I. Lea, 1856) Lymnaeidae * ''Austropeplea viridis'' (Quoy & Gaimard, 1832) Land gastropods Land gastropods in Myanmar i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brotia Pagodula Map
''Brotia'' is a genus of Southeast Asian freshwater snails, gastropod molluscs in the taxonomic family Pachychilidae.Köhler F. & Glaubrecht M. (2006). "A systematic revision of the Southeast Asian freshwater gastropod ''Brotia'' (Cerithioidea: Pachychilidae)". '' Malacologia'' 48159251. The generic name ''Brotia'' is apparently in honor of a Swiss malacologist Auguste Louis Brot (1821-1896). Distribution Species of ''Brotia'' occur in freshwater habitats of Southeast Asia, ranging from Northern India in the west through to Sumatra in the east. This range includes India, Myanmar, Bangladesh, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, China (1 species), Cambodia, Malaysia and Indonesia (Sumatra and Borneo only). Biology Species are found predominantly in fast flowing, well oxygenated rivers, occasionally also in lakes. They are gonochoristic, and viviparous, retaining developing eggs and youngs in special brood pouch. Species Species within the genus ''Brotia'' include ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
MtDNA
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA or mDNA) is the DNA located in mitochondria, cellular organelles within eukaryotic cells that convert chemical energy from food into a form that cells can use, such as adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Mitochondrial DNA is only a small portion of the DNA in a eukaryotic cell; most of the DNA can be found in the cell nucleus and, in plants and algae, also in plastids such as chloroplasts. Human mitochondrial DNA was the first significant part of the human genome to be sequenced. This sequencing revealed that the human mtDNA includes 16,569 base pairs and encodes 13 proteins. Since animal mtDNA evolves faster than nuclear genetic markers, it represents a mainstay of phylogenetics and evolutionary biology. It also permits an examination of the relatedness of populations, and so has become important in anthropology and biogeography. Origin Nuclear and mitochondrial DNA are thought to be of separate evolutionary origin, with the mtDNA being derived from t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Molluscan Research
Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda, the members of which are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 85,000 extant species of molluscs are recognized. The number of fossil species is estimated between 60,000 and 100,000 additional species. The proportion of undescribed species is very high. Many taxa remain poorly studied. Molluscs are the largest marine phylum, comprising about 23% of all the named marine organisms. Numerous molluscs also live in freshwater and terrestrial habitats. They are highly diverse, not just in size and anatomical structure, but also in behaviour and habitat. The phylum is typically divided into 7 or 8 taxonomic classes, of which two are entirely extinct. Cephalopod molluscs, such as squid, cuttlefish, and octopuses, are among the most neurologically advanced of all invertebrates—and either the giant squid or the colossal squid is the largest known invertebrate species. The gast ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Type Species
In zoological nomenclature, a type species (''species typica'') is the species name with which the name of a genus or subgenus is considered to be permanently taxonomically associated, i.e., the species that contains the biological type specimen(s). Article 67.1 A similar concept is used for suprageneric groups and called a type genus. In botanical nomenclature, these terms have no formal standing under the code of nomenclature, but are sometimes borrowed from zoological nomenclature. In botany, the type of a genus name is a specimen (or, rarely, an illustration) which is also the type of a species name. The species name that has that type can also be referred to as the type of the genus name. Names of genus and family ranks, the various subdivisions of those ranks, and some higher-rank names based on genus names, have such types. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mollusk
Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda, the members of which are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 85,000 extant species of molluscs are recognized. The number of fossil species is estimated between 60,000 and 100,000 additional species. The proportion of undescribed species is very high. Many taxa remain poorly studied. Molluscs are the largest marine phylum, comprising about 23% of all the named marine organisms. Numerous molluscs also live in freshwater and terrestrial habitats. They are highly diverse, not just in size and anatomical structure, but also in behaviour and habitat. The phylum is typically divided into 7 or 8 taxonomic classes, of which two are entirely extinct. Cephalopod molluscs, such as squid, cuttlefish, and octopuses, are among the most neurologically advanced of all invertebrates—and either the giant squid or the colossal squid is the largest known invertebrate species. The gas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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