|
Brook Salamander
Brook salamanders are a genus, ''Eurycea'', of salamanders native to North America. Taxonomy The genus ''Eurycea'' was first described by Constantine Samuel Rafinesque-Schmaltz in 1822, with a specimen of the spotted-tail salamander, ''Eurycea lucifuga'', from Kentucky. The Taxonomy (biology), taxonomy of the genus is somewhat confusing, as many of the species within it are poorly studied and are found only in very restricted ranges, or deep within caverns. Several species have even been described several times by different researchers, and some are often considered to be comparative anatomy, morphologically different enough to warrant being placed into their own genera. A recent taxonomic revision moved the Georgia blind salamander to this genus, which makes ''Haideotriton'' a synonym of ''Eurycea''. Many sources also refer to several species of the genus as cave salamanders, due to their choice of habitat, or as blind salamanders, due to their reduced eyes, or the antiquate ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eurycea Longicauda
''Eurycea longicauda'', commonly known as the long-tailed salamander or longtail salamander, is a species of lungless salamander native to the Appalachian Region of the eastern United States. It is a " cave salamander" that frequents twilight zones of caves and also inhabits springs and surrounding forest. Subspecies There are two or three subspecies In biological classification, subspecies is a rank below species, used for populations that live in different areas and vary in size, shape, or other physical characteristics (morphology), but that can successfully interbreed. Not all species ...: * ''E. l. longicauda'' (Green, 1818) (long-tailed salamander, eastern long-tailed salamander) * ''E. l. melanopleura'' (Cope, 1894 "1893") (dark-sided salamander, black-sided salamander, Cope's cave salamander) * ''E. l. pernix'' Mittleman, 1942 (Midland long-tailed salamander) '' Eurycea guttolineata'' has earlier been treated as a subspecies of ''Eurycea longicauda'' (that is, as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eurycea Robusta
The Blanco blind salamander (''Eurycea robusta'') is a species of aquatic, lungless salamander native to the United States. It is endemic to a small region of the Blanco River near San Marcos in Hays County, Texas. Its habitat, deep in limestone karst, makes collecting specimens for research particularly problematic. It is known from only a single specimen, collected in the 1950s. The Blanco blind salamander is considered a lost species, as it is unknown whether it is still alive or not. Four specimens were discovered in 1951 by a gravel company digging in the dry bed of the Blanco River. Two were eaten by a heron, one was lost and the final specimen was sent to the University of Texas at Austin for research. Any extant members of the species are believed to live in the Edwards Aquifer. Researchers are using environmental DNA analysis to assess whether it still lives, but are hampered by the fact that no extant viable DNA samples exist. For that reason, they are using si ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eurycea Rathbuni
The Texas blind salamander (''Eurycea rathbuni'') is a rare cave-dwelling troglobite amphibian native to San Marcos, Hays County, Texas, specifically the San Marcos Pool of the Edwards Aquifer. Description The species has a broad, flat, snout and head, and vestigial eyes beneath that are covered by skin. Like other neotenous salamanders, it has external gills for absorbing oxygen from the water. The salamander's mature length is around . The forelimbs carry four digits and the hind limbs possess five digits. Its diet varies by what flows into its cave, and includes blind shrimp (''Palaemonetes antrorum''), snails, and amphipods. Distribution and habitat Specimens have been collected at seven localities in the Purgatory Creek system and along the San Marcos Fault near San Marcos, Texas. Adults and immature larvae are well-adapted for living in underground streams in caves, and many probably inhabit deep recesses that are not accessible to collectors. Specimens have been tak ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eurycea Quadridigitata
The southeastern dwarf salamander (''Eurycea quadridigitata''), formerly known as the dwarf salamander, is a species of salamander native to the southern United States, ranging primarily from southern North Carolina south to northern Florida, with some populations from southwestern Alabama to eastern Louisiana. Some sources refer to it as the four-fingered manculus, dwarf four-toed salamander, or the Florida dwarf salamander. Taxonomy A review of ''E. quadridigitata'' published in 2017 identified five cryptic species within ''E. quadridigitata'' based on molecular evidence.Wray, K. P., D. B. Means, and S. J. Steppan. 2017. Revision of the ''Eurycea quadridigitata'' (Holbrook 1842) complex of Dwarf Salamanders (Caudata: Plethodontidae: Hemidactyliinae) with a description of two new species. Herpetological Monographs 31: 18–46. * '' Eurycea chamberlaini'' Harrison and Guttman, 2003: North Carolina and interior areas of South Carolina * ''Eurycea sphagnicola'' Wray, Means, and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eurycea Pterophila
The fern bank salamander (''Eurycea pterophila''), also known as the Blanco River Springs salamander, is a species of salamander in the family Plethodontidae. It is endemic to springs in the Blanco River watershed in central Texas, United States. Its natural habitat is freshwater spring Spring(s) may refer to: Common uses * Spring (season), a season of the year * Spring (device), a mechanical device that stores energy * Spring (hydrology), a natural source of water * Spring (mathematics), a geometric surface in the shape of a ...s. References * (2000): Phylogenetic relationships of central Texas hemidactyliine plethodontid salamanders, genus ''Eurycea'', and a taxonomic revision of the group. ''Herpetological Monographs'' 14: 1-80. * (2001): A new species of subterranean blind salamander (Plethodontidae: Hemidactyliini: ''Eurycea'': ''Typhlomolge'') from Austin, Texas, and a systematic revision of central Texas paedomorphic salamanders. ''Herpetologica'' 57: 266– ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eurycea Paludicola
The western dwarf salamander (''Eurycea paludicola'') is species of salamander native to the southern United States. Taxonomy It was described in 1947 but later synonymized with the southeastern dwarf salamander (''Eurycea quadridigitata''). However, a 2017 study used . In addition, genetic studies indicate that it may be more closely related to the radiation of neotenic '' Eurycea'' of the Edwards Plateau in Texas than to the rest of the ''E. quadridigitata'' complex. Distribution It ranges from southern Mississippi east through Louisiana to eastern Texas Texas (, ; Spanish language, Spanish: ''Texas'', ''Tejas'') is a state in the South Central United States, South Central region of the United States. At 268,596 square miles (695,662 km2), and with more than 29.1 million residents in 2 .... References {{Taxonbar, from=Q47972425 Paludicola Endemic amphibians of the United States Amphibians described in 1947 Taxa named by Myron Budd Mittleman ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eurycea Nerea
The northern grotto salamander (''Eurycea nerea'') is a species of salamander in the family Plethodontidae. It is endemic to the south-central United States. Taxonomy It is now considered a member of the genus '' Eurycea'', but was originally described as ''Typhlotriton nereus''. It was described in 1968, but was later synonymized with the grotto salamander (''E. spelaea''), but a 2017 study found substantial genetic differences between the clades classified in ''E. spelaea'' and once again split them into distinct species. It is thought to have diverged from the southern grotto salamander (''E. braggi'') during the Late Miocene. All three grotto salamanders are thought to descend from an ancestral surface-dwelling form. Distribution and habitat It is found in the southern Ozark Plateau of Missouri and adjacent portions of Arkansas. It is primarily found in the Salem Plateau and a small portion of the adjacent West Springfield Plateau. It inhabits freshwater sprin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eurycea Neotenes
''Eurycea neotenes'', also known as the Texas salamander, Bexar County salamander, Edwards Plateau salamander, or Texas neotenic salamander, is a species of entirely aquatic, lungless salamander native to the United States. It is endemic to central Texas, near Helotes, in Bexar County. Description The Texas salamander grows from in length. It is brown in color, often with yellow or brown mottling, with light-yellow spotting down its back. It is neotenic, with a slender body, short limbs, and bright-red external gills. The Texas salamander lives in caves, which resulted in reduced vision in its eyes, due to the long period of time in darkness. It is akin to the Texas blind salamander ''Eurycea rathbuni''. References * (2000): Phylogenetic relationships of central Texas hemidactyliine plethodontid salamanders, genus ''Eurycea'', and a taxonomic revision of the group. ''Herpetological Monographs'' 14: 1-80. * (2001): A new species of subterranean blind salamander (Plethodon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eurycea Naufragia
The Georgetown salamander (''Eurycea naufragia''), also known as the San Gabriel Springs salamander, is a species of salamander in the family Plethodontidae. It is endemic to springs in Williamson County, Texas, near Lake Georgetown. It inhabits freshwater springs and, possibly, caves. It is threatened by habitat loss. Many of the springs where this species formerly lived have been destroyed by development, including creation of Lake Georgetown. The specific name (which means "remnants" in Latin) refers to the few remaining remnants of habitat for this species. Description Georgetown salamanders are small, permanently aquatic salamanders. Adults are typically in length and less than 0.5 cm in diameter. Although their coloration varies, most adults are dark brown, dark olive, or gray. Juveniles tend to be darker in color. Coloration is confined to the dorsal and lateral sides of the body; the ventral surface is usually translucent. Many individuals have a light, cream- ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eurycea Nana
The San Marcos salamander (''Eurycea nana'') is a small species of aquatic, lungless salamander native to the United States, endemic to Spring Lake and a small region of the headwaters of the San Marcos River near Aquarena Springs, in Hays County, Texas. It is one to two inches long, with a slender body and external gills, and is a reddish-brown in color. Description ''E. nana'' is an aquatic salamander. It does not leave the water to change into a terrestrial form, but rather matures in the water. As a neotenic form, ''E. nana'' retains its gills for its lifetime. The San Marcos salamander has a narrow head with a round snout, large eyes, and a dark iris. External gills are developed and pigmented. 2-6 palatopterygoid and 7-13 premaxillary teeth are present. The species is uniformly light brown in color, with a series of seven to nine irregular light spots present along its midline. The trunk is flattened above with a dorsal furrow that extends from head to tail. The vent ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eurycea Multiplicata
The many-ribbed salamander (''Eurycea multiplicata'') is a species of salamander in the family Plethodontidae, endemic to the United States. Its natural habitats are temperate forests, rivers, freshwater springs, inland karst Karst is a topography formed from the dissolution of soluble rocks such as limestone, dolomite, and gypsum. It is characterized by underground drainage systems with sinkholes and caves. It has also been documented for more weathering-resistant ro ...s, and caves. It is endemic in its distribution to eastern Oklahoma, southwestern Missouri, and northwestern Arkansas, and the portion of Kansas in Cherokee County. Reproduction is aquatic and long-distance migrations unlikely. Populations that inhabit thermally stable springs have a prolonged mating season compared with populations inhabiting surface streams with more variable temperatures. Based on the times when females contained spermatozoa in their reproductive tracts, mating activity could be fro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
