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Brevity Code
Brevity codes are used in amateur radio, maritime, aviation and military communications. The codes are designed to convey complex information with a few words or codes. Some terms are classified to the public. List of brevity codes * ACP-131 Allied military brevity codes * ARRL Numbered Radiogram * Commercial codes such as the '' Acme Commodity and Phrase Code'', the ''ABC Telegraphic Code'', ''Bentley's Complete Phrase Code'', and ''Unicode'' * Fox (code word) * Multiservice tactical brevity code used by various military forces. The codes' procedure words, a type of voice procedure, are designed to convey complex information with a few words, when brevity is required but security is not * Ten-code, North American police brevity codes, including such notable ones as 10-4 * Phillips Code * NOTAM Code * Wire signal, Morse Code abbreviation, also known as 92 Code. Appears in informal language-independent HAM conversations * World War II Allied names for Japanese aircraft See als ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Classified Information
Classified information is material that a government body deems to be sensitive information that must be protected. Access is restricted by law or regulation to particular groups of people with the necessary security clearance and need to know, and mishandling of the material can incur criminal penalties. A formal security clearance is required to view or handle classified material. The clearance process requires a satisfactory background investigation. Documents and other information must be properly marked "by the author" with one of several (hierarchical) levels of sensitivity—e.g. restricted, confidential, secret, and top secret. The choice of level is based on an impact assessment; governments have their own criteria, including how to determine the classification of an information asset and rules on how to protect information classified at each level. This process often includes security clearances for personnel handling the information. Some corporations and non-governm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wire Signal
A wire signal is a brevity code used by telegraphers to save time and cost when sending long messages. The most well-known of these was the 92 Code adopted by Western Union in 1859. The reason for this adoption was to reduce bandwidth usage over the telegraph lines and speed transmissions by utilizing a numerical code system for various frequently used phrases. 92 Code Several of the codes are taken from ''The Telegraph Instructor'' by G.M. Dodge. Dodge notes: :Other numerical signals are used by different railroads for different purposes, for instance, the signal “47” upon some railroads means “display signals”; while the signal “48” means “signals are displayed”. The numerals “9” and “12” are frequently used for “correct”. Other numerals are used for the different officials’ messages, agents’ messages, etc. Codes that are not listed in the 1901 edition of Dodge are marked with an asterisk (*). In the above list, the numbers 19 and 31 refer t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Telegraphese
Telegram style, telegraph style, telegraphic style, or telegraphese is a clipped way of writing which abbreviates words and packs information into the smallest possible number of words or characters. It originated in the telegraph age when telecommunication consisted only of short messages transmitted by hand over the telegraph wire. The telegraph companies charged for their service by the number of words in a message, with a maximum of 15 characters per word for a plain-language telegram, and 10 per word for one written in code. The style developed to minimize costs but still convey the message clearly and unambiguously. The related term ''cablese'' describes the style of press messages sent uncoded but in a highly condensed style over submarine communications cables. In the U.S. Foreign Service, cablese referred to condensed telegraphic messaging that made heavy use of abbreviations and avoided use of definite or indefinite articles, punctuation, and other words unnecessary for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Morse Code Abbreviations
Morse code abbreviations are used to speed up Morse communications by foreshortening textual words and phrases. Morse abbreviations are short forms, representing normal textual words and phrases formed from some (fewer) characters taken from the word or phrase being abbreviated. Many are typical English abbreviations, or short acronyms for often-used phrases. Distinct from prosigns and commercial codes Morse code abbreviations are not the same as prosigns. Morse abbreviations are composed of (normal) textual alpha-numeric character symbols with normal Morse code inter-character spacing; the character symbols in abbreviations, unlike the delineated character groups representing Morse code prosigns, are not "run together" or concatenated in the way most prosigns are formed. Although a few abbreviations (such as for "dollar") are carried over from former commercial telegraph codes, almost all Morse abbreviations are ''not'' commercial codes. From 1845 until well into the second h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
R-S-T System
The R-S-T system is used by amateur radio operators, shortwave listening, shortwave listeners, and other radio hobbyists to exchange information about the quality of a radio signal being received. The code is a three digit number, with one digit each for conveying an assessment of the signal's readability, strength, and tone. The code was developed in 1934 by Amateur radio operator Arthur W. Braaten, W2BSR, and was similar to that codified in the ITU Radio Regulations, Cairo, 1938. Readability The R stands for "Readability". Readability is a qualitative assessment of how easy or difficult it is to correctly copy the information being sent during the transmission (radio), transmission. In a Morse code telegraphy transmission, readability refers to how easy or difficult it is to distinguish each of the characters in the text of the message being sent; in a telephony, voice transmission, readability refers to how easy or difficult it is for each spoken word to be understood correc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SINPO Code
SINPO, an acronym for Signal, Interference, Noise, Propagation, and Overall, is a Signal Reporting Code used to describe the quality of broadcast and radiotelegraph transmissions. SINPFEMO, an acronym for Signal, Interference, Noise, Propagation, frequency of Fading, dEpth, Modulation, and Overall is used to describe the quality of radiotelephony transmissions. SINPFEMO code consists of the SINPO code plus the addition of three letters to describe additional features of radiotelephony transmissions. These codes are defined by ''Recommendation ITU-R Sm.1135, SINPO and SINPFEMO codes''. SINPO code is most frequently used in reception reports written by shortwave listeners. Each letter of the code stands for a specific factor of the signal, and each item is graded on a 1 to 5 scale (where 1 stands for nearly undetectable/severe/unusable and 5 for excellent/nil/extremely strong). The code originated with the CCIR (a predecessor to the ITU-R) in 1951, and was widely used by BBC s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Operating Signals
Operating signals are a type of brevity code used in operational communication among radio and telegraph operators. For example: * Prosigns for Morse code * 92 Code: telegraph brevity codes * Q code: initially developed for commercial radiotelegraph communication and adopted by other radio services * QN Signals: published by the ARRL and used in Amateur radio * R code and S Code: published by the British Post Office for coastal wireless stations and ships * X code: used by European military services in wireless telegraphy * Z code: used in early radiotelegraph communication See also * Brevity code * SINPO code - code used to describe the quality of radio transmissions, especially in reception reports written by shortwave listeners * R-S-T system- information about the quality of a radio signal being received. Used by amateur radio operators, shortwave listeners. * Morse code abbreviations * Telegraphese Telegram style, telegraph style, telegraphic style, or telegraphese is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
World War II Allied Names For Japanese Aircraft
The World War II Allied names for Japanese aircraft were reporting names, often described as codenames, given by Allied personnel to Imperial Japanese aircraft during the Pacific campaign of World War II. The names were used by Allied personnel to identify aircraft operated by the Japanese for reporting and descriptive purposes. Generally, Western men's names were given to fighter aircraft, women's names to bombers, transports, and reconnaissance aircraft, bird names to gliders, and tree names to trainer aircraft. The use of the names, from their origin in mid-1942, became widespread among Allied forces from early 1943 until the end of the war in 1945. Many subsequent Western histories of the war have continued to use the names. History During the first year of the Pacific War beginning on 7 December 1941, Allied personnel often struggled to quickly, succinctly, and accurately identify Japanese aircraft encountered in combat. They found the Japanese designation system bewilder ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
92 Code
A wire signal is a brevity code used by telegraphers to save time and cost when sending long messages. The most well-known of these was the 92 Code adopted by Western Union in 1859. The reason for this adoption was to reduce bandwidth (signal processing), bandwidth usage over the Electrical telegraph, telegraph lines and speed transmissions by utilizing a numerical code system for various frequently used phrases. 92 Code Several of the codes are taken from ''The Telegraph Instructor'' by G.M. Dodge. Dodge notes: :Other numerical signals are used by different railroads for different purposes, for instance, the signal “47” upon some railroads means “display signals”; while the signal “48” means “signals are displayed”. The numerals “9” and “12” are frequently used for “correct”. Other numerals are used for the different officials’ messages, agents’ messages, etc. Codes that are not listed in the 1901 edition of Dodge are marked with an asterisk (*) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
NOTAM Code
NOTAM Code is an aeronautical radiotelegraph and radiotelephony brevity code used to transmit information about radio navigation aids, airports, lighting facilities, dangers to aircraft, and actions related to search and rescue. All NOTAM Codes start with the letter Q, to distinguish them from radio call signs, and always consist of five letters (counting the Q), to avoid confusing them with Q codes. These codes are defined by ICAO Doc 8400: ICAO Abbreviations and Codes. Second and third letters See also * Q code * Brevity code Brevity codes are used in amateur radio, maritime, aviation and military communications. The codes are designed to convey complex information with a few words or codes. Some terms are classified to the public. List of brevity codes * ACP-131 A ... References {{Aviation-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ACP-131
ACP-131 is the controlling publication for the listing of Q codes and Z codes. It is published by the Combined Communications Electronics Board (CCEB) countries (Australia, New Zealand, Canada, United Kingdom and United States), and revised from time to time. When the meanings of the codes contained in ACP-131 are translated into various languages, the codes provide a means of communicating between ships of various nations, such as during a NATO exercise, when a common language is not in effect. History The original edition of ACP-131 was published by the U.S. military during the early years of radio telegraphy for use by radio operators using Morse Code on continuous wave (CW) telegraphy. It became especially useful, and even essential, to wireless radio operators on both military and civilian ships at sea before the development of advanced single-sideband telephony in the 1960s. Reason for the codes Radio communications, prior to the advent of landlines and satellites as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phillips Code
The Phillips Code is a brevity code (shorthand) created in 1879 by Walter P. Phillips (then of the Associated Press) for the rapid transmission of press reports by telegraph. It defined hundreds of abbreviations and initialisms for commonly used words that news authors and copy desk staff would commonly use. There were subcodes for commodities and stocks called the Market Code, a Baseball Supplement, and single-letter codes for Option Months. The last official edition was published in 1925, but there was also a Market supplement last published in 1909 that was separate. The code consists of a dictionary of common words or phrases and their associated abbreviations. Extremely common terms are represented by a single letter (C: See; Y: Year); those less frequently used gain successively longer abbreviations (Ab: About; Abb: Abbreviate; Abty: Ability; Acmpd: Accompanied). Later, The Evans Basic English Code expanded the 1,760 abbreviations in the Phillips Code to 3,848 abbreviat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
