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Brazilian Criminal Justice
The Brazilian criminal justice system comes from the civil law of Western Europe, in particular Portuguese law, which derives from Roman law. The earliest legal documents in Brazil were land grants and charters dating to the early 16th century, which continued to be used until independence in 1822. Various basic principles of law are enshrined in the 1988 Constitution, such as the principle of legality and the principle of human dignity. Various institutions work together to implement the criminal justice system, including the National Congress, which passes laws to define what acts are considered criminal in the Penal Code and codifies the criminal procedures for implementing them; three national and multiple state-level police forces to prevent and combat crime and hold alleged perpetrators for prosecution; the judiciary, including 92 courts at the federal and state levels, to interpret the codes, and hear prosecutions and judge perpetrators; and a correctional system to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Civil Law (legal System)
Civil law is a legal system rooted in the Roman Empire and was comprehensively codified and disseminated starting in the 19th century, most notably with France's Napoleonic Code (1804) and Germany's (1900). Unlike common law systems, which rely heavily on judicial precedent, civil law systems are characterized by their reliance on legal codes that function as the primary source of law. Today, civil law is the world's most common legal system, practiced in about 150 countries. The civil law system is often contrasted with the common law system, which originated in medieval England. Whereas the civil law takes the form of legal codes, the common law comes from uncodified case law that arises as a result of judicial decisions, recognising prior court decisions as legally binding precedent. Historically, a civil law is the group of legal ideas and systems ultimately derived from the '' Corpus Juris Civilis'', but heavily overlain by Napoleonic, Germanic, canonical, feuda ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Crime
In ordinary language, a crime is an unlawful act punishable by a State (polity), state or other authority. The term ''crime'' does not, in modern criminal law, have any simple and universally accepted definition,Farmer, Lindsay: "Crime, definitions of", in Cane and Conoghan (editors), ''The New Oxford Companion to Law'', Oxford University Press, 2008 (), p. 263Google Books). though statutory definitions have been provided for certain purposes. The most popular view is that crime is a Category of being, category created by law; in other words, something is a crime if declared as such by the relevant and applicable law. One proposed definition is that a crime or offence (or criminal offence) is an act harmful not only to some individual but also to a community, society, or the state ("a public wrong"). Such acts are forbidden and punishable by law. The notion that acts such as murder, rape, and theft are to be prohibited exists worldwide. What precisely is a criminal offence is def ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Crime In Brazil
Crime in Brazil is a persistent issue that affects the population either directly or indirectly. The country has above-average global levels of violent crime, with particularly high rates of gun violence and homicides. According to the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), Brazil had an intentional homicide rate of 21.1 per 100,000 inhabitants in 2022, down from 21.74 in 2021 and 31.16 in 2017. In 2024, Brazil recorded 38,772 homicides, down from 40,768 homicides reported in 2023. This decline continues a trend that began in 2020, with a 16% reduction in homicides since then. The homicide rate in Brazil for 2024 was 17.9 per 100,000 inhabitants, the lowest in over a decade. Homicides 1 million homicides were reported between 1980 and 2010, attributable to rising inequality, more young men in the population, greater availability of firearms, and increased drug use. In 2021, Brazil had a murder rate of 21.26 per 100,000 inhabitants, which was lower than in 2017. An ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Countries By Intentional Homicide Rate
The list of countries by homicide rate is derived from United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) data, and is expressed in number of deaths per 100,000 population per year. For example, a homicide rate of 30 out of 100,000 is presented in the table as "30", and corresponds to 0.03% of the population dying by homicide. Table by country. Some have 2023 data. Can select countries, regions, years, gender, mechanisms, relationship, and more. Use fit-to-page button at bottom to see everything. Usdataset linkto get all the data with higher accuracy. Table last fully updated from dataset retrieved 24 November 2024. Individual countries updated since then. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. Map and table of rates and counts. Pick a country (or countries) in the sidebar "Country" dropdown menu. Then pick a year (1990-2018). Click that country on the map to see a timeline graph of homicide rates. Below the map see a timeline table of the rates and counts for that country or coun ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Crime In Brazil
Crime in Brazil is a persistent issue that affects the population either directly or indirectly. The country has above-average global levels of violent crime, with particularly high rates of gun violence and homicides. According to the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), Brazil had an intentional homicide rate of 21.1 per 100,000 inhabitants in 2022, down from 21.74 in 2021 and 31.16 in 2017. In 2024, Brazil recorded 38,772 homicides, down from 40,768 homicides reported in 2023. This decline continues a trend that began in 2020, with a 16% reduction in homicides since then. The homicide rate in Brazil for 2024 was 17.9 per 100,000 inhabitants, the lowest in over a decade. Homicides 1 million homicides were reported between 1980 and 2010, attributable to rising inequality, more young men in the population, greater availability of firearms, and increased drug use. In 2021, Brazil had a murder rate of 21.26 per 100,000 inhabitants, which was lower than in 2017. An ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Foreign Relations Of Brazil
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs is responsible for managing the foreign relations of Brazil. Brazil has the largest economy in Latin America and is a key political and economic power on the world stage. Brazil's foreign policy reflects its role as a regional power and a potential world power and is designed to help protect the country's national interests, national security, ideological goals, and economic prosperity. Between World War II and 1990, both democratic and military governments sought to expand Brazil's influence in the world by pursuing a state-led industrial policy and an independent foreign policy. Brazilian foreign policy has recently aimed to strengthen ties with other South American countries, engage in multilateral diplomacy through the United Nations and the Organization of American States, and act at times as a countervailing force to U.S. political and economic influence in Latin America. Overview The President has ultimate authority over foreign policy, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Operation Car Wash
Operation Car Wash (, ) was a landmark anti-corruption probe in Brazil.Kurtenbach, S., & Nolte, D. (2017). Latin America's Fight against Corruption: The End of Impunity. GIGA Focus Lateinamerika, (03). Beginning in March 2014 as the investigation of a small car wash in Brasília over money laundering, the proceedings uncovered a massive corruption scheme in the Brazilian federal government, particularly in state-owned enterprises. The probe was conducted through antitrust regulator. Evidence was collected and presented to the court system by a team of federal prosecutors led by Deltan Dallagnol, while the judge in charge of the operation was Sergio Moro. Eventually, other federal prosecutors and judges would go on to oversee related cases under their jurisdictions in various Brazilian states. The operation implicated leading businessmen, federal congressmen, senators, state governors, federal government ministers, and former presidents Collor, Temer and Lula. Compa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Scandals In Brazil
This is a list of scandals in Brazil. Before 1950 * (1770) An indigenous revolt in Roraima. So many soldiers and native people were killed, their blood tinted the waters of the Branco River. 1960s Historians believe that construction of the planned capital city of Brasília was systematically overpriced when built in the early 1960s under Juscelino Kubitschek presidency. Military era (1964–1985) Little to no evidence of corruption was made public during the military dictatorship era (1964–1985). Recently, however, several cases have become increasingly public knowledge and have been reviewed in books including the journalist Elio Gaspari's series of historical analyses and in the news. Cases ranged from smuggling whiskey and luxury clothes to outright extortion of companies by military-appointed governors (e.g., in Paraná), who illegally favored their companies in contractor licensing (e.g. Antonio Carlos Magalhães and Magnesita) and used public money to save thei ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Corruption In Brazil
Corruption in Brazil exists on all levels of society from the top echelons of political power to the smallest municipalities. Operation Car Wash showed central government members using the prerogatives of their public office for rent-seeking activities, ranging from political support to siphoning funds from state-owned corporation for personal gain. The Mensalão scandal for example used taxpayer funds to pay monthly allowances to members of congress from other political parties in return for their support and votes in congress. Politicians also used the state-owned and state-run oil company Petrobras to raise hundreds of millions of reais for political campaigns and personal enrichment. Corruption was cited among many issues that provoked the 2013 protests. Corruption directly affects the welfare of citizens by decreasing public investments in health, education, infrastructure, security, housing, among other rights essential to life, and hurts the Constitution by expanding ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sixth Brazilian Republic
Sixth is the ordinal form of the number six. * The Sixth Amendment, to the U.S. Constitution * A keg of beer, equal to 5 U.S. gallons or barrel * The fraction Music * Sixth interval (music)s: ** major sixth, a musical interval ** minor sixth, a musical interval ** diminished sixth, an interval produced by narrowing a minor sixth by a chromatic semitone ** augmented sixth, an interval produced by widening a major sixth by a chromatic semitone * Sixth chord, two different kinds of chord * Submediant, sixth degree of the diatonic scale * Landini sixth, a type of cadence * Sixth (interval) Other uses * ''The Sixth'' (1981 film), a Soviet film directed by Samvel Gasparov * ''The Sixth'' (2024 film), an American documentary film directed by Andrea Nix Fine and Sean Fine * The 6ths, a band created by Stephin Merritt * LaSexta La Sexta (; ; stylised as laSexta) is a privately owned Spanish free-to-air television channel that was founded on 18 March 2001 as Beca TV and began br ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Military Dictatorship In Brazil
The military dictatorship in Brazil (), occasionally referred to as the Fifth Brazilian Republic, was established on 1 April 1964, after a 1964 Brazilian coup d'état, coup d'état by the Brazilian Armed Forces, with support from the United States government, against president João Goulart. The Brazilian dictatorship lasted for 21 years, until 15 March 1985. The coup was planned and executed by the most senior commanders of the Brazilian Army and received the support of almost all high-ranking members of the military, along with conservative sectors in society, like the Catholic Church in Brazil, Catholic Church and anti-communist civilian movements among the Brazilian middle and upper classes. The military regime, particularly after the Institutional Act Number Five, Institutional Act No. 5 of 1968, practiced extensive Censorship under the military dictatorship in Brazil, censorship and committed Human rights abuses of the military dictatorship in Brazil (1964–1985), human ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
First Brazilian Republic
The First Brazilian Republic, also referred to as the Old Republic (, ), officially the Republic of the United States of Brazil, was the Brazilian state in the period from 1889 to 1930. The Old Republic began with the coup d'état that deposed emperor Pedro II in 1889, and ended with the Revolution of 1930 that installed Getúlio Vargas as a new president. During the First Republic, the country's presidency was dominated by the most powerful states of São Paulo and Minas Gerais. Because of the power of these two states, based on the production of coffee and dairy, respectively, the Old Republic's political system has been described as " milk coffee politics". At local level, the country was dominated by a form of machine politics known as '' coronelism'', in which the political and economic spheres were centered around local bosses, who controlled elections. They would often conduct mass electoral fraud. The country was also marked by a series of rebellions and revolutions a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
