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Bovine Herpesvirus (other)
Bovine herpesvirus is a group of viruses from the family ''Herpesviridae'' that affect cattle. * ''Bovine alphaherpesvirus 1'' of subfamily ''Alphaherpesvirinae'' and genus ''Varicellovirus'' * ''Bovine alphaherpesvirus 2'' of subfamily ''Alphaherpesvirinae'' and genus ''Simplexvirus'' * ''Bovine herpesvirus 3'' * ''Bovine gammaherpesvirus 4'' of subfamily ''Gammaherpesvirinae'' and genus ''Rhadinovirus'' * ''Bovine alphaherpesvirus 5'' of subfamily ''Alphaherpesvirinae'' and genus ''Varicellovirus'' * ''Bovine gammaherpesvirus 6'' of subfamily ''Gammaherpesvirinae'' and genus ''Macavirus'' {{Disambig ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Virus
A virus is a submicroscopic infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells of an organism. Viruses infect all life forms, from animals and plants to microorganisms, including bacteria and archaea. Since Dmitri Ivanovsky's 1892 article describing a non-bacterial pathogen infecting tobacco plants and the discovery of the tobacco mosaic virus by Martinus Beijerinck in 1898,Dimmock p. 4 more than 9,000 virus species have been described in detail of the millions of types of viruses in the environment. Viruses are found in almost every ecosystem on Earth and are the most numerous type of biological entity. The study of viruses is known as virology, a subspeciality of microbiology. When infected, a host cell is often forced to rapidly produce thousands of copies of the original virus. When not inside an infected cell or in the process of infecting a cell, viruses exist in the form of independent particles, or ''virions'', consisting of (i) the genetic material, i. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Herpesviridae
''Herpesviridae'' is a large family of DNA viruses that cause infections and certain diseases in animals, including humans. The members of this family are also known as herpesviruses. The family name is derived from the Greek word ''ἕρπειν'' ( 'to creep'), referring to spreading cutaneous lesions, usually involving blisters, seen in flares of herpes simplex 1, herpes simplex 2 and herpes zoster ( shingles). In 1971, the International Committee on the Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) established ''Herpesvirus'' as a genus with 23 viruses among four groups. As of 2020, 115 species are recognized, all but one of which are in one of the three subfamilies. Herpesviruses can cause both latent and lytic infections. Nine herpesvirus types are known to primarily infect humans, at least five of which – herpes simplex viruses 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2, also known as HHV-1 and HHV-2; both of which can cause orolabial herpes and genital herpes), varicella zoster virus (or HHV-3; the cause ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cattle
Cattle (''Bos taurus'') are large, domesticated, cloven-hooved, herbivores. They are a prominent modern member of the subfamily Bovinae and the most widespread species of the genus ''Bos''. Adult females are referred to as cows and adult males are referred to as bulls. Cattle are commonly raised as livestock for meat (beef or veal, see beef cattle), for milk (see dairy cattle), and for hides, which are used to make leather. They are used as riding animals and draft animals ( oxen or bullocks, which pull carts, plows and other implements). Another product of cattle is their dung, which can be used to create manure or fuel. In some regions, such as parts of India, cattle have significant religious significance. Cattle, mostly small breeds such as the Miniature Zebu, are also kept as pets. Different types of cattle are common to different geographic areas. Taurine cattle are found primarily in Europe and temperate areas of Asia, the Americas, and Australia. Zebus (also ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bovine Alphaherpesvirus 1
''Bovine alphaherpesvirus 1'' (BoHV-1) is a virus of the family '' Herpesviridae'' and the subfamily '' Alphaherpesvirinae'', known to cause several diseases worldwide in cattle, including rhinotracheitis, vaginitis, balanoposthitis, abortion, conjunctivitis, and enteritis. BoHV-1 is also a contributing factor in shipping fever, also known as bovine respiratory disease (BRD). It is spread horizontally through sexual contact, artificial insemination, and aerosol transmission and it may also be transmitted vertically across the placenta. BoHV-1 can cause both clinical and subclinical infections, depending on the virulence of the strain. Although these symptoms are mainly non-life-threatening it is an economically important disease as infection may cause a drop in production and affect trade restrictions. Like other herpesviruses, BoHV-1 causes a lifelong latent infection and sporadic shedding of the virus. The sciatic nerve and trigeminal nerve are the sites of latency. A r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Varicellovirus
''Varicellovirus'' (var′i-sel′ō-vi′rŭs) is a genus of viruses belonging to subfamily ''Alphaherpesvirinae'', a member of family ''Herpesviridae''. Humans and other mammals serve as natural hosts. There are 19 species in this genus. Diseases associated with this genus include: HHV-3—chickenpox (varicella) and shingles; BoHV-1—infectious bovine rhinotracheitis/infectious pustular vulvovaginitis (IPV); SuHV-1 (also known as pseudorabies virus)— Aujesky's disease characterized by central nervous system signs (hindleg paralysis, meningoencephalitis), high mortality rates in young animals, and respiratory illness in older pigs. Species The genus consists of the following 19 species: * ''Bovine alphaherpesvirus 1'' * '' Bovine alphaherpesvirus 5'' * '' Bubaline alphaherpesvirus 1'' * '' Canid alphaherpesvirus 1'' * '' Caprine alphaherpesvirus 1'' * '' Cercopithecine alphaherpesvirus 9'' * '' Cervid alphaherpesvirus 1'' * '' Cervid alphaherpesvirus 2'' * '' Cervid alphah ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bovine Alphaherpesvirus 2
''Bovine alphaherpesvirus 2'' (BoHV2) is a virus of the family '' Herpesviridae'' that causes two diseases in cattle, bovine mammillitis and pseudo-lumpy skin disease. BoHV2 is similar in structure to human herpes simplex virus Herpes simplex virus 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2), also known by their taxonomical names ''Human alphaherpesvirus 1'' and '' Human alphaherpesvirus 2'', are two members of the human ''Herpesviridae'' family, a set of viruses that produce viral inf .... Pseudo-lumpy skin disease was originally discovered in South Africa where a similar but more serious disease caused by a poxvirus, lumpy skin disease, is also prevalent. Symptoms include fever and skin nodules on the face, back, and perineum. The disease heals within a few weeks. Bovine mammillitis is characterized by lesions restricted to the teats and udder. BoHV-2 probably spreads through an arthropod vector, but can also be spread through milkers and milking machines. A review publicati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Simplexvirus
''Simplexvirus'' is a genus of viruses in the order ''Herpesvirales'', in the family ''Herpesviridae'', in the subfamily ''Alphaherpesvirinae''. Humans and mammals serve as natural hosts. Diseases associated with this genus include skin vesicles or mucosal ulcers, rarely encephalitis, and meningitis. Species The following 15 species are assigned to the genus: * '' Ateline alphaherpesvirus 1'' * '' Bovine alphaherpesvirus 2'' * '' Cercopithecine alphaherpesvirus 2'' * ''Human alphaherpesvirus 1'' * '' Human alphaherpesvirus 2'' * '' Leporid alphaherpesvirus 4'' * ''Macacine alphaherpesvirus 1'' * '' Macacine alphaherpesvirus 2'' * '' Macacine alphaherpesvirus 3'' * ''Macropodid alphaherpesvirus 1'' * ''Macropodid alphaherpesvirus 2 ''Macropodid alphaherpesvirus 2'' (MaHV-2) is a species of herpesvirus in the genus ''Simplexvirus''. It was officially accepted as a valid species by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses in 2004. Hosts ''Macropodid alphaherpe ... ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bovine Herpesvirus 3
Bovines (subfamily Bovinae) comprise a diverse group of 10 genera of medium to large-sized ungulates, including cattle, bison, African buffalo, water buffalos, and the four-horned and spiral-horned antelopes. The evolutionary relationship between the members of the group is still debated, and their classification into loose tribes rather than formal subgroups reflects this uncertainty. General characteristics include cloven hooves and usually at least one of the sexes of a species having true horns. The largest extant bovine is the gaur. In many countries, bovid milk and meat is used as food by humans. Cattle are kept as livestock almost everywhere except in parts of India and Nepal, where they are considered sacred by most Hindus. Bovids are used as draft animals and as riding animals. Small breeds of domestic bovid, such as the Miniature Zebu, are kept as pets. Bovid leather is durable and flexible and is used to produce a wide range of goods including clothing ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bovine Gammaherpesvirus 4
''Bovine gammaherpesvirus 4'' (BoHV-4) is a member of the ''Herpesviridae'' family. It is part of the subfamily ''Gammaherpesvirinae'' and genus ''Rhadinovirus''. Infection is normally sub-clinical but can cause reproductive disease in cattle such as endometritis, vulvovaginitis and mastitis. Transmission is both vertical and horizontal. It can also be indirectly spread by fomites. Distribution is worldwide and the virus infects a range of ruminants, including bison, buffalo, sheep and goats. The disease may be referred to as a passenger virus. Clinical signs and diagnosis BoHV-4 infection is often subclinical, with no observable clinical signs. However the virus may cause abortion and retained foetal membranes, and if an infected fetus is born alive it may be weak. It can also cause mastitis in dairy cattle. It may be isolated from conjunctivitis and respiratory disease cases but it is unknown whether the EHV-4 is a primary or opportunistic pathogen in these cases. Diagno ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rhadinovirus
''Rhadinovirus'' (synonyms: ''Rhadinoviridae'' and gamma-2 herpesviruses) is a genus of viruses in the order '' Herpesvirales'', in the family '' Herpesviridae'', in the subfamily '' Gammaherpesvirinae''. Humans and other mammals serve as natural hosts. There are 12 species in this genus. Diseases associated with this genus include: Kaposi's sarcoma, primary effusion lymphoma and multicentric Castleman's disease, caused by '' Human gammaherpesvirus 8'' (HHV-8), also known as Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV). The term rhadino comes from the Latin fragile, referring to the tendency of the viral genome to break apart when it is isolated. Species The genus consists of the following 12 species: * ''Ateline gammaherpesvirus 2'' * ''Ateline gammaherpesvirus 3'' * ''Bovine gammaherpesvirus 4'' * ''Cricetid gammaherpesvirus 2'' * '' Human gammaherpesvirus 8'' * ''Macacine gammaherpesvirus 5'' * ''Macacine gammaherpesvirus 8'' * ''Macacine gammaherpesvirus 11'' * ''Mac ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bovine Alphaherpesvirus 5
''Bovine alphaherpesvirus 5'' (BoHV-5) is a virus species of the genus ''Varicellovirus'' and subfamily ''Alphaherpesvirinae''. It causes meningoencephalitis and bovine respiratory disease, respiratory disease in cattle and sheep. As with all herpes viruses latent infection can occur, with recrudescence at times of stressed and/or immunosuppression. Sites of latency include the CNS and mucosae of the nose and trachea. The disease has been documented in South America, the United States, Australia, Germany and Hungary. Caused by: ''BHV-5 – Bovine Encephalitis Virus – Bovine Encephalitis Herpesvirus'' Disease is most common in calves up to ten months of age. Clinical signs and diagnosis Signs of respiratory disease include tachycardia and tachypnea with pyrexia, dyspnea, mucoid nasal discharge, hypersalivation and abnormal lung sounds. Systemic signs such as lethargy and Anorexia (symptom), anorexia are seen. Neurological signs are normally acute. These signs include opisth ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bovine Gammaherpesvirus 6
''Bovine gammaherpesvirus 6'' (BoHV-6) is a species of virus in the genus ''Macavirus'', subfamily ''Gammaherpesvirinae'', family ''Herpesviridae'', and order ''Herpesvirales The ''Herpesvirales'' is an order of dsDNA viruses (Baltimore group I) with animal hosts, characterised by a common morphology consisting of an icosahedral capsid enclosed in a glycoprotein-containing lipid envelope. Common infections in humans c ...''. References Gammaherpesvirinae {{Virus-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
