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Botryosphaeria Ribis
''Botryosphaeria ribis'' is a fungal plant pathogen that infects many trees causing cankers, dieback and death. Hosts and symptoms ''Botryosphaeria ribis'' is an ascomycete plant pathogen that primarily affects woody hosts in a number of temperate and tropical regions. The susceptible hosts include a number of economically important plants such as apple, peach, almond, banana, and walnut trees, among others.Rumbos, I.C., 1987. Twig and branch dieback of walnut trees induced by botryosphaeria-ribis. Plant Pathology, 36(4): 602-605. The disease is noted by cankers, leaf spots, and necrosis, as well as twig dieback. On healthy leaves, the necrosis begins apically at the margins, extending back along the midrib, occasionally reaching the base and causing complete blight of the leaf. Twig dieback also starts apically and works towards the center of the plant. It is characterized by a slow necrosis of the branch, leaving large, dead limbs on the upper portions of trees.de Macedo, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chokeberry
''Aronia'' is a genus of deciduous shrubs, the chokeberries, in the family Rosaceae native to eastern North America and most commonly found in wet woods and swamps. The genus Aronia is considered to have 3 species. The most common and widely used is ''Aronia melanocarpa'' (black chokeberry) which emerged from Eastern North America. The lesser known ''Aronia arbutifolia'' (red chokeberry) and the hybrid form of the abovementioned species called ''Aronia prunifolia'' (purple chokeberry) were first cultivated in Central and Eastern North America. In the eighteenth century, the first shrubs of the best-known species ''Aronia melanocarpa'' reached Europe where they were first cultivated in Scandinavia and Russia. Chokeberries are cultivated as ornamental plants and as food products. The sour berries, or aronia berries, can be eaten raw off the bush, but are more frequently processed. They can be used to make wine, jam, syrup, juice, soft spreads, tea, salsa, extracts, beer, ice ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Plant Pathogen
Plant pathology (also phytopathology) is the scientific study of diseases in plants caused by pathogens (infectious organisms) and environmental conditions (physiological factors). Organisms that cause infectious disease include fungi, oomycetes, bacteria, viruses, viroids, virus-like organisms, phytoplasmas, protozoa, nematodes and parasitic plants. Not included are ectoparasites like insects, mites, vertebrate, or other pests that affect plant health by eating plant tissues. Plant pathology also involves the study of pathogen identification, disease etiology, disease cycles, economic impact, plant disease epidemiology, plant disease resistance, how plant diseases affect humans and animals, pathosystem genetics, and management of plant diseases. Overview Control of plant diseases is crucial to the reliable production of food, and it provides significant problems in agricultural use of land, water, fuel and other inputs. Plants in both natural and cultivated populat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tree
In botany, a tree is a perennial plant with an elongated stem, or trunk, usually supporting branches and leaves. In some usages, the definition of a tree may be narrower, including only woody plants with secondary growth, plants that are usable as lumber or plants above a specified height. In wider definitions, the taller palms, tree ferns, bananas, and bamboos are also trees. Trees are not a taxonomic group but include a variety of plant species that have independently evolved a trunk and branches as a way to tower above other plants to compete for sunlight. The majority of tree species are angiosperms or hardwoods; of the rest, many are gymnosperms or softwoods. Trees tend to be long-lived, some reaching several thousand years old. Trees have been in existence for 370 million years. It is estimated that there are some three trillion mature trees in the world. A tree typically has many secondary branches supported clear of the ground by the trunk. This trunk typically ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Canker
A plant canker is a small area of dead tissue, which grows slowly, often over years. Some cankers are of only minor consequence, but others are ultimately lethal and therefore can have major economic implications for agriculture and horticulture. Their causes include a wide range of organisms as fungi, bacteria, mycoplasmas and viruses. The majority of canker-causing organisms are bound to a unique host species or genus, but a few will attack other plants. Weather and animals can spread canker, thereby endangering areas that have only slight amount of canker. Although fungicides or bactericides can treat some cankers, often the only available treatment is to destroy the infected plant to contain the disease. Examples * Apple canker, caused by the fungus ''Neonectria galligena'' * Ash bacterial canker, now understood to be caused by the bacterium '' Pseudomonas savastanoi'', rather than ''Pseudomonas syringae''. After DNA-relatedness studies ''Pseudomonas savastanoi'' has bee ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fungal Plant Pathogens And Diseases
A fungus ( : fungi or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified as a kingdom, separately from the other eukaryotic kingdoms, which by one traditional classification include Plantae, Animalia, Protozoa, and Chromista. A characteristic that places fungi in a different kingdom from plants, bacteria, and some protists is chitin in their cell walls. Fungi, like animals, are heterotrophs; they acquire their food by absorbing dissolved molecules, typically by secreting digestive enzymes into their environment. Fungi do not photosynthesize. Growth is their means of mobility, except for spores (a few of which are flagellated), which may travel through the air or water. Fungi are the principal decomposers in ecological systems. These and other differences place fungi in a single group of related organisms, named the ''Eumycota'' (''true f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Botryosphaeria
''Botryosphaeria'' is a genus of pathogenic fungi in the family Botryosphaeriaceae. There are 193 species, many of which are important disease-causing agents of various important agricultural crops. Species *'' Botryosphaeria abietina'' *'' Botryosphaeria abrupta'' *''Botryosphaeria abuensis'' *'' Botryosphaeria acaciae'' *''Botryosphaeria agaves'' *'' Botryosphaeria alibagensis'' *'' Botryosphaeria anceps'' *''Botryosphaeria apocyni'' *'' Botryosphaeria appendiculata'' *''Botryosphaeria araliae'' *''Botryosphaeria archontophoenicis'' *'' Botryosphaeria arctostaphyli'' *''Botryosphaeria arundinariae'' *''Botryosphaeria arxii'' *''Botryosphaeria astrocaryi'' *''Botryosphaeria aterrima'' *''Botryosphaeria atrorufa'' *''Botryosphaeria bakeri'' *''Botryosphaeria berengeriana'' *''Botryosphaeria bondarzewii'' *''Botryosphaeria briosiana'' *''Botryosphaeria brunneispora'' *''Botryosphaeria buteae'' *''Botryosphaeria callicarpae'' *''Botryosphaeria calycanthi'' *'' Botryosphaeria camara ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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