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Bongo–Bagirmi Languages
The Bongo–Bagirmi or Sara–Bongo–Bagirmi languages are the major branch of the Central Sudanic language family with about forty languages. Principal groups include Bagirmi languages such as Naba and the Sara languages. They are spoken across CAR, Chad, South Sudan, and adjacent countries. Languages The Bongo–Bagirmi languages are for the most part poorly studied, and there is little agreement as to their internal classification. The table below is taken from Lionel Bender, as summarized in Blench (2000). * Bongo–Baka *Kara (= '' Tar Gula'' ?) *'' Sinyar (Shemya)'' ? * Bagirmi *Sara *'' Doba (Bedjond, Gor, Mango)'' * Kaba *Vale *'' Birri'' (likely to be closer to Kresh) *'' Fongoro (Formona)'' ? *'' Yulu (Yulu–Binga)'' Sinyar and Fongoro may not be Bongo–Bagirmi or even Central Sudanic languages. Classification Boyeldieu (2006)Boyeldieu, Pascal. 2006. Présentation des langues Sara-Bongo-Baguirmiennes'. Paris: CNRS-LLACAN (online version). classifies the Sara-Bon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Central African Republic
The Central African Republic (CAR; ; , RCA; , or , ) is a landlocked country in Central Africa. It is bordered by Chad to the north, Sudan to the northeast, South Sudan to the southeast, the DR Congo to the south, the Republic of the Congo to the southwest, and Cameroon to the west. The Central African Republic covers a land area of about . , it had an estimated population of around million. , the Central African Republic is the scene of a civil war, ongoing since 2012. Most of the Central African Republic consists of Sudano-Guinean savannas, but the country also includes a Sahelo- Sudanian zone in the north and an equatorial forest zone in the south. Two-thirds of the country is within the Ubangi River basin (which flows into the Congo), while the remaining third lies in the basin of the Chari, which flows into Lake Chad. What is today the Central African Republic has been inhabited for millennia; however, the country's current borders were established by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tar Gula Language
The Gula language, or ''Tar Gula'', of the Central African Republic, commonly known as Kara, is a Central Sudanic language or dialect cluster. The term "Kara" is also attached to numerous ethnic groups of the region and their languages, and so is often ambiguous. Names ''Ethnologue'' lists ''Gula du Mamoun, Kara'' (of South Sudan) and ''Yamegi'' as synonyms, and ''Molo, Mele, Mot-Mar (Moto-Mara), Sar (Sara), Mere, ''and ''Zura (Koto)'' as dialects. Classification Sources disagree as to whether Gula shares a Kara branch with other languages, with proposed Kara languages in one classification reassigned to other branches in other classifications. (See Kara languages.) Locations As of 2013, ethnic Kara were reported to be residing in Menamba Boma, Ringi Payam, Raja County Raja County is an administrative area in Lol State, South Sudan South Sudan (; din, Paguot Thudän), officially the Republic of South Sudan ( din, Paankɔc Cuëny Thudän), is a landlocked country ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bahr El Ghazal (region Of South Sudan)
The Bahr el Ghazal is a region of northwestern South Sudan. Its name came from the river Bahr el Ghazal River, Bahr el Ghazal. The name translates as "sea of gazelles" from Arabic. Geography Bahr el Ghazal borders the Central African Republic to the west. It is an area of swamps and ironstone plateaus inhabited mainly by the Dinka people, who make their living through subsistence farming and cattle herding plus Luwo and Fartit tribes. Administrative divisions Bahr el Ghazal consists of the following States of South Sudan, states: * Lakes (state), Lakes * Northern Bahr el Ghazal * Warrap (state), Warrap * Western Bahr el Ghazal * ''Abyei Area'' Between October 2015 and January 2020, the region consisted of the following states: * Eastern Lakes State * Gok State * Western Lakes State * Aweil East State * Aweil State * Tonj State * Twic State * Lol State * Wau State * Gogrial State * ''Abyei Area'' History It was historically subject to raids by the Fur (people), Fur invader ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Urheimat
In historical linguistics, the homeland or ''Urheimat'' (, from German '' ur-'' "original" and ''Heimat'', home) of a proto-language is the region in which it was spoken before splitting into different daughter languages. A proto-language is the reconstructed or historically-attested parent language of a group of languages that are genetically related. Depending on the age of the language family under consideration, its homeland may be known with near-certainty (in the case of historical or near-historical migrations) or it may be very uncertain (in the case of deep prehistory). Next to internal linguistic evidence, the reconstruction of a prehistoric homeland makes use of a variety of disciplines, including archaeology and archaeogenetics. Methods There are several methods to determine the homeland of a given language family. One method is based on the vocabulary that can be reconstructed for the proto-language. This vocabulary – especially terms for flora and fauna – can pr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kenga Language
Kenga is a Bongo–Bagirmi language of Chad. Speakers make up the majority of the population in Kenga canton in Bitkine sub-prefecture.Oxfam Oxfam is a British-founded confederation of 21 independent charitable organizations focusing on the alleviation of global poverty, founded in 1942 and led by Oxfam International. History Founded at 17 Broad Street, Oxford, as the Oxford Co ... and Office National de Développement Rural (ONDR). 2016. Atlas de la vulnérabilité dans le Guera. Première partie: synthèse regional'. 2nd edition (updated from 2013 edition). PASISAT (Projet d’Appui à l’Amélioration du Système d’Information sur la Sécurité Alimentaire au Tchad). References Languages of Chad Bongo–Bagirmi languages {{ns-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Beraku Language
Beraku is an extinct Bongo–Bagirmi language of Chad. Speakers have shifted to Chadian Arabic or various Kotoko languages Kotoko may refer to: * Kotoko (musician), a Japanese singer * ''Kotoko'' (film), a Japanese film * Kotoko, a character from ''Chobits'' * The Kotoko kingdom of West Africa * The Kotoko languages of West Africa * The Kotoko people of West Africa * .... References Bongo–Bagirmi languages {{ns-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ngambay Language
Ngambay (also known as Sara, Sara Ngambai, Gamba, Gambaye, Gamblai and Ngambai) is one of the major languages spoken by Sara people in southwestern Chad, northeastern Cameroon and eastern Nigeria, with about a million native speakers. Ngambay is the most widely spoken of the Sara languages, and is used as a trade language between speakers of other dialects. It is spoken by the Sara Gambai people. Ngambay has Subject–Verb–Object word order.The World Atlas of Language Structures Online: Ngambay Accessed November, 2008. Suffixes indicate . There is no [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mbay Language
Mbay, or Sara Mbay, is a Bongo–Bagirmi language of Chad and the Central African Republic The Central African Republic (CAR; ; , RCA; , or , ) is a landlocked country in Central Africa. It is bordered by Chad to the north, Sudan to the northeast, South Sudan to the southeast, the DR Congo to the south, the Republic of th .... It is reported that Mbay does not have independent personal pronouns. The meaning is largely carried out by subject, object, and possessive affixes attached to verbs, prepositions, and nouns. Other words, such as ''yá̰a̰'' "thing", ''dèē'' "person", ''tà a'' "speech", and ''lòo'' "place" are used somewhat pronominally as ''something'', ''somebody'', ''something said'', and ''somewhere''.Keegan, John M. 1997. ''A Reference Grammar of Mbay''. Munich: Lincom Europa. Cited in Bhat, D.N.S. 2004. Pronouns. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 26 ReferencesThe Sara-Bagirmi Language Project -- Mbay Bongo–Bagirmi languages {{ns- ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sar Language
Sar or Sara, also known as Madjingay and Sara Madjingay is a Bongo–Bagirmi language of southern Chad, and the lingua franca of regional capital of Sarh Semi-active radar homing (SARH) is a common type of missile guidance system, perhaps the most common type for longer-range air-to-air and surface-to-air missile systems. The name refers to the fact that the missile itself is only a passive det .... Phonology The consonants are as follows. Vowels and nasal vowels are as follows: /o, e/ can also be heard as ™ There are three tones. References External linksThe Sara-Bagirmi Language Project -- Sar Bongo–Bagirmi languages Languages of Chad {{ns-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Baka Language (Sudan)
Baka (''Tara Baka'') is a Central Sudanic languages, Central Sudanic language of South Sudan, with the majority living in an area centered on Maridi, South Sudan, but also a couple thousand speakers in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, DRC. It has consonants with Trilled affricate, trilled release such as and . A 2013 survey reported that the Baka were the largest ethnic group in Maridi County, South Sudan. They also live in Baka Boma (administrative division), Boma, Tore Payam (administrative division), Payam, Yei County, South Sudan. Phonology Consonants Vowels Neutral vowel: ɨ References Languages of South Sudan Bongo–Bagirmi languages {{ns-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jur Beli Language
JUR BELI LANGUAGE ’’Bëlï, or Jur Beli, is a Central Sudanic language spoken by the Beli and Sopi people of South Sudan. The Beli people are mainly found in South Sudan, a region southeast of Rumbek. The language is considered as endangered, and it is mostly spoken by the older generation. However, it has three dialects and variations that are specific to different regions and communities. The language has a complex grammatical structure, with a rich system of prefixes that are used to indicate various grammatical features, such as, mood, and aspect. Despite the lack of written material and limited use, Jur Beli is an important language for the Beli people, as it is an essential part of their cultural identity. The language serves as an important means of communication within the community, and it is used to transmit cultural knowledge and traditions from one generation to the next. Brief description about the Jur Beli people The Jur (Beli & Modo) people, a group of o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jur Modo Language
Jur Modo, also known as ''Jur'' or ''Modo'', is a Central Sudanic language spoken by the Jur Modo people of South Sudan. Dialects are Lori, Modo (Jur Modo, Modo Lali), Wira, Wetu. It is a tonal language Tone is the use of pitch in language to distinguish lexical or grammatical meaning – that is, to distinguish or to inflect words. All verbal languages use pitch to express emotional and other paralinguistic information and to convey empha .... Phonology Vowels Consonants References *Persson, Andrew M. and Persson, Janet R. 1991. Mödö-English dictionary with grammar. (Bilingual Dictionaries of Sudan, 1.) 1st edn. Nairobi: Sudan: Summer Institute of Linguistics. *Persson, Janet. 2004. Bongo-Bagirmi languages in Sudan. Occasional Papers in the Study of Sudanese Languages 9. 77-84. Languages of Chad Bongo–Bagirmi languages Languages of South Sudan {{ns-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
