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Bolshevik–Makhnovist Conflict
The Bolshevik–Makhnovist conflict was a period of political and military conflict between the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic and the Makhnovshchina, for control over southern Ukraine. The Bolsheviks aimed to eliminate the Makhnovshchina and neutralise its peasant base. In turn, the Makhnovists fought against the implementation of the Red Terror and the policy of war communism. The conflict broke out after the Red Army returned to Ukraine in early 1920, following the defeat of the White advance on Moscow. It attacked the Makhnovshchina, which at the time occupied most of southern Ukraine, and carried out a sustained attempt to pacify the region. After a brief truce, in order to ensure the final defeat of the White movement, the Red Army again attacked the Makhnovshchina in November 1920, leading to a resumption of hostilities. The conflict mainly consisted of guerrilla warfare, without conventional maneuvers or open battles. It was also highly mobile, with territory regula ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ukrainian War Of Independence
The Ukrainian War of Independence was a series of conflicts involving many adversaries that lasted from 1917 to 1921 and resulted in the establishment and development of a Ukrainian republic, most of which was later absorbed into the Soviet Union as the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic of 1922–1991. The war consisted of military conflicts between different governmental, political and military forces. Belligerents included Ukrainian nationalists, Ukrainian anarchists, Ukrainian Bolsheviks, the forces of Germany and Austria-Hungary, the White Russian Volunteer Army, and Second Polish Republic forces. They struggled for control of Ukraine after the February Revolution (March 1917) in the Russian Empire. The Allied forces of Romania and France also became involved. The struggle lasted from February 1917 to November 1921 and resulted in the division of Ukraine between the Bolshevik Ukrainian SSR, Poland, Romania, and Czechoslovakia. The conflict is frequently viewed withi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Viktor Bilash
Viktor Fedorovych Bilash ( uk, Віктор Федорович Білаш; 1893 – 24 January 1938) was the Chief of Staff of the Revolutionary Insurgent Army of Ukraine (RIAU) under Nestor Makhno. A gifted military commander, Bilash himself planned many of the Insurgent Army's operations, later becoming its commander in chief after Makhno's flight into exile. His son, Oleksandr, a World War II veteran, was able to obtain the manuscript of his father's work, with other previously unknown documents in 1993. He subsequently published it together as a book called “The Roads of Nestor Makhno”. Biography Viktor Bilash was born in the small Pryazovian town of Novospasivka, where he worked as a train driver during his youth. During the early months of the Ukrainian War of Independence, the Austro-Hungarian Army shot Viktor's father, grandfather and cousin, and even set his house on fire, in reprisal for Bilash having joined the partisan movement against the Central Powers. Rise ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1st Cavalry Army
__NOTOC__ The 1st Cavalry Army (russian: Первая конная армия, Pervaya konnaya armiya) was a prominent Red Army military formation. It was also known as "Budyonny's Cavalry Army" or simply as ''Konarmia'' (Кона́рмия, "Horsearmy"). History When the Russian Civil War broke out in 1918, a non-commissioned officer named Budyonny organized a small cavalry force in the Don region out of local Cossacks. This force rapidly grew in numbers, sided with the Bolsheviks and eventually became the 1st Cavalry Army. It was transformed from a guerrilla force into a proper military unit under the command of Semyon Budyonny, and the political guidance of Kliment Voroshilov, and at a crucial time too with the red army not doing particularly well in the southern front due to a lack of cavalry. This army played an important role in winning the Civil War for the Bolsheviks, driving the White General Anton Denikin back from his advance towards Moscow. In 1920 Budyonny's Cavalr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
13th Army (RSFSR)
The 13th Army was a field army of the Red Army during the Russian Civil War, which existed between 5 March 1919 and 12 November 1920. History Its predecessor was the Group of Forces on the Kursk direction, formed on 18 November 1918, under leadership of I.S. Kozhevnikov from troops arriving from the frontlines of the First World War. After its assignment to the Southern Front in December 1918, where it participated in January 1919 in the successful Voronezh–Povorino Operation, it was renamed as the Donetsk Group of Forces in February 1919, and in March reformed as the 13th Army. In Spring 1919, it suffered serious losses in the Battle of the Donbass. In August and September 1919, together with the 8th Army, it became part of the ''Selivachyov Group'', named after its commander Vladimir Selivachyov. On 10 January 1920 the Southern Front was renamed as the Southwestern of which the 13th Army remained a part. In September 1920 it was assigned to the second creation of the Sout ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
6th Army (RSFSR)
The 6th Army was a field army of the Red Army during the Russian Civil War, which was formed twice. First Formation The 6th Army was formed on 11 September 1918 in the region of the Arkhangelsk, Kotlas and Vyatsky districts. The headquarters were located in Vologda (September 1918 - February 1920) and later Arkhangelsk (March - April 1920). It was part of the Northern Front which fought against Entente troops and the White Northern Army which were based in Archangelsk and Murmansk. In September-October 1918, the Sixth Army operated on the routes leading from Arkhangelsk to Vologda and the Northern Dvina to Kotlas and Vyatka, preventing the unification of anti-Soviet forces operating in the European North and those under command of Alexander Kolchak in Siberia. In January 1919, the Sixth Army fought the Battle of Shenkursk and in April-November 1919, tried to liberate the railway line Vologda-Arkhangelsk, the Pechora River, Northern Dvina River Pinega River and Mezen River. Af ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
4th Army (RSFSR)
The 4th Army was a field army of the Red Army during the Russian Civil War, which was formed 4 times between the beginning of March 1918 and March 1921. History First formation On March 17, 1918, the Second All-Ukrainian Congress of Soviets decided to create armed forces to counter foreign and contra-revolutionary forces. Five armies of some 3.000 -3.500 men were created. In fact, these armies were only brigades with limited combat capabilities. The 4th Army was created near the city of Poltava under command of Vassili Kikvidze. The army counted 3,000 infantry, 200 cavalry, 1 armored train and 4 guns. The 4th Army, now under command of Yuriy Sablin, tried in vain to defend Kharkiv against the advancing German Army. After its defeat, one part joined the Voronezh Detachment and the other part was added to the 1st Don Army operating in Ukraine in the area of the Donets river. Second formation On June 20, 1918 the 4th Army was created a second time as part of the Eastern Front. I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Red Army
The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army (Russian: Рабо́че-крестья́нская Кра́сная армия),) often shortened to the Red Army, was the army and air force of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic and, after 1922, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. The army was established in January 1918. The Bolsheviks raised an army to oppose the military confederations (especially the various groups collectively known as the White Army) of their adversaries during the Russian Civil War. Starting in February 1946, the Red Army, along with the Soviet Navy, embodied the main component of the Soviet Armed Forces; taking the official name of "Soviet Army", until its dissolution in 1991. The Red Army provided the largest land force in the Allied victory in the European theatre of World War II, and its invasion of Manchuria assisted the unconditional surrender of Imperial Japan. During operations on the Eastern Front, it accounted for 75–80% of casual ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vasyl Sharovsky
Vasyl Mikhailovych Sharovsky (24 December 1891 – 25 April 1938) was a member of the Central Council of Ukraine, an anarcho-communism, anarcho-communist and an artillery commander of the Revolutionary Insurgent Army of Ukraine. Biography Vasyl Mikhailovych Sharovsky was born on 24 December 1891, in Huliaipole. With the outbreak of World War I, he was called to the Eastern Front (World War I), front. During his service, he received the title of senior fireworker. While serving in the army, he joined the Ukrainian Socialist-Revolutionary Party, then joined the Borotbists, before finally becoming an anarchist communist. In 1917, he was the head of the battery of the "Black Guards" organized in Huliaipole. In August 1917 he was elected a member of the Central Council of Ukraine from the , a representative of the Alexandrovsky Uyezd (Yekaterinoslav Governorate), Oleksandrivsky Uyezd of the Yekaterinoslav Governorate. In April 1918, Sharovsky, together with a group of former officers ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dmitry Ivanovich Popov
Dmitry Ivanovich Popov (russian: Дмитрий Иванович Попов; 1892–1921) was a Russian sailor and Left Socialist-Revolutionary that led the Left SR uprising against the Bolsheviks in July 1918. Following the suppression of the uprising, he joined the Revolutionary Insurgent Army of Ukraine and became a leading member, spearheading the negotiations between the Makhnovists and the Bolsheviks until his arrest and execution by the Cheka. Biography During World War I, Popov had been a sailor in the Black Sea Fleet, going on to join the Left Socialist-Revolutionaries after the outbreak of the Russian Revolution. In July 1918, Popov became a leading figure in the Left SR uprising, during which he attempted to oust the Bolsheviks from power. The uprising failed, largely due to the hesistancy with which they carried it out: treating captured Bolsheviks with mercy and refusing to march on the headquarters of the Central Committee. By the autumn of 1918, the left SRs had ga ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Semen Karetnyk
Semen Mykytovych Karetnyk (; 1893 – 1920) was a Ukrainian anarchist and a commander of the Revolutionary Insurgent Army of Ukraine (RIAU). He often replaced Nestor Makhno as supreme commander of the Black Army in 1920. Karetnyk gained a reputation for his central role in defeating the White Army in Crimea in November 1920. Biography Semen Karetnyk was born into extreme poverty, growing up a poor peasant in the small southern Ukrainian town of Huliaipole. He worked as a hostler until the outbreak of World War I, upon which he was drafted into military service and worked his way through the ranks until he became an ensign. By the time of the Russian Revolution, Karetnyk had gained much military experience, which he utilized upon his return to Ukraine, when he became a leading partisan of the Makhnovshchina. Karetnyk's strong anarchist convictions brought him into the favor of the local revolutionary leader Nestor Makhno, with Karetnyk going on to become the second-in-command of t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grigori Maslakov
Grigory Savelievich Maslakov, "Maslak" (1877-1921) was a Russian military leader during the Russian Civil War. Biography Grigori Maslakov was born in 1877 to a poor family in the Stavropol Territory. Until the revolution, he lived in the Salsky District of the Don Cossack Region, whose territory is now part of Russia and Ukraine. Before World War I, he served as a patrolman for the horse breeder Korolkov, after he entered the service in the equestrian artillery, where he rose to the rank of sergeant. On the side of the reds In February 1918, Maslakov created a Red partisan detachment in the Salsky District, at the head of which he fought against the Don Army atamans P.Kh. Popov and P.N. Krasnova. In May of the same year, Maslakov's partisans joined Boris Dumenko's detachment. In the brigade formed, the former sergeant became the squadron commander, then commanded the 1st cavalry regiment. In March 1919, Maslakov, along with division chief Dumenko and brigade commander Budyonny, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mykhailo Brova
Mykhailo Brova (d. 1921) was a Ukrainian anarchist military commander and member of the Makhnovist movement. He was a delegate to the Regional Congresses and member of each convocation of the Military Revolutionary Council. Biography Mykhailo Brova was born in the late 19th century into a peasant family in the village of Novohryhorivka. From an early age, he worked as a locksmith at the near Yuzivka. In 1904 he became an anarcho-communist and took part in the 1905 Revolution. Following the outbreak of World War I, he was drafted to the Eastern Front, where he served in the navy. In June 1918, he established one of the first anarchist insurgent detachments in Ukraine and fought against the Central Powers in Dibrivka. In August 1918, he was seriously wounded in the battle and his command passed to Fedir Shchus. By autumn 1918, he had joined the Makhnovist movement, becoming a permanent member of its Military Revolutionary Council (VRS). During autumn-winter campaign of 1919 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
