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Betaarterivirus Sheoin
''Betaarterivirus'' is a genus of enveloped, positive-strand RNA viruses which infect vertebrates. The genus is in the family '' Arteriviridae'' and order ''Nidovirales''. The genus contains four subgenera and six species. Structure Member viruses are enveloped, spherical, and 45–60 nm in diameter. Genome Betaarteriviruses have a positive-sense single-stranded RNA genome. Taxonomy The genus ''Betaarterivirus'' contains four subgenera and six species: *'' Ampobartevirus'' **''Betaarterivirus suid 2'' *'' Chibartevirus'' **'' Betaarterivirus chinrav 1'' **'' Betaarterivirus ninrav'' **'' Betaarterivirus sheoin'' *'' Eurpobartevirus'' **''Betaarterivirus suid 1 ''Betaarterivirus suid 1'', formerly ''Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus'' (PRRSV), is a virus that causes a disease of pigs, called porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS), also known as blue-ear pig disease (in C ...'' *'' Mibartevirus'' **'' Betaarterivirus timiclar'' Refe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Viral Envelope
A viral envelope is the outermost layer of many types of viruses. It protects the genetic material in their life cycle when traveling between host cells. Not all viruses have envelopes. Numerous human pathogenic viruses in circulation are encased in lipid bilayers, and they infect their target cells by causing the viral envelope and cell membrane to fuse. Although there are effective vaccines against some of these viruses, there is no preventative or curative medicine for the majority of them. In most cases, the known vaccines operate by inducing antibodies that prevent the pathogen from entering cells. This happens in the case of enveloped viruses when the antibodies bind to the viral envelope proteins. The membrane fusion event that triggers viral entrance is caused by the viral fusion protein. Many enveloped viruses only have one protein visible on the surface of the particle, which is required for both mediating adhesion to the cell surface and for the subsequent membrane fusi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Positive-strand RNA Virus
Positive-strand RNA viruses (+ssRNA viruses) are a group of related viruses that have positive-sense, single-stranded genomes made of ribonucleic acid. The positive-sense genome can act as messenger RNA (mRNA) and can be directly translated into viral proteins by the host cell's ribosomes. Positive-strand RNA viruses encode an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) which is used during replication of the genome to synthesize a negative-sense antigenome that is then used as a template to create a new positive-sense viral genome. Positive-strand RNA viruses are divided between the phyla ''Kitrinoviricota'', ''Lenarviricota'', and ''Pisuviricota'' (specifically classes ''Pisoniviricetes'' and '' Stelpavirictes'') all of which are in the kingdom '' Orthornavirae'' and realm '' Riboviria''. They are monophyletic and descended from a common RNA virus ancestor. In the Baltimore classification system, +ssRNA viruses belong to Group IV. Positive-sense RNA viruses include pathogen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vertebrate
Vertebrates () comprise all animal taxa within the subphylum Vertebrata () ( chordates with backbones), including all mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and fish. Vertebrates represent the overwhelming majority of the phylum Chordata, with currently about 69,963 species described. Vertebrates comprise such groups as the following: * jawless fish, which include hagfish and lampreys * jawed vertebrates, which include: ** cartilaginous fish (sharks, rays, and ratfish) ** bony vertebrates, which include: *** ray-fins (the majority of living bony fish) *** lobe-fins, which include: **** coelacanths and lungfish **** tetrapods (limbed vertebrates) Extant vertebrates range in size from the frog species ''Paedophryne amauensis'', at as little as , to the blue whale, at up to . Vertebrates make up less than five percent of all described animal species; the rest are invertebrates, which lack vertebral columns. The vertebrates traditionally include the hagfish, which do no ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arteriviridae
''Arteriviridae'' is a family of enveloped, positive-strand RNA viruses in the order ''Nidovirales'' which infect vertebrates. Host organisms include equids, pigs, Possums, nonhuman primates, and rodents. The family includes, for example, equine arteritis virus in horses which causes mild-to-severe respiratory disease and reproductive failure, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus type 1 and type 2 in pigs which causes a similar disease, simian hemorrhagic fever virus which causes a highly lethal fever, lactate dehydrogenase–elevating virus which affects mice, and wobbly possum disease virus. Structure Member viruses are enveloped, spherical, and 45–60 nm in diameter. Genome Arteriviruses have a positive-sense In molecular biology and genetics, the sense of a nucleic acid molecule, particularly of a strand of DNA or RNA, refers to the nature of the roles of the strand and its complement in specifying a sequence of amino acids. Depending on the con ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nidovirales
''Nidovirales'' is an order of enveloped, positive-strand RNA viruses which infect vertebrates and invertebrates. Host organisms include mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, fish, arthropods, molluscs, and helminths. The order includes the families ''Coronaviridae'', ''Arteriviridae, Roniviridae,'' and ''Mesoniviridae''. Member viruses have a viral envelope and a positive-sense, single-stranded RNA genome which is capped and polyadenylated. Nidoviruses are named for the Latin ''nidus'', meaning nest, as all viruses in this order produce a 3' co-terminal nested set of subgenomic mRNAs during infection. Virology Structure Nidoviruses have a viral envelope and a positive-sense, single-stranded RNA genome which is capped and polyadenylated. The group expresses structural proteins separately from the nonstructural ones. The structural proteins are encoded at the 3’ region of the genome and are expressed from a set of subgenomic mRNAs. Member viruses encode one main protei ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sense (molecular Biology)
In molecular biology and genetics, the sense of a nucleic acid molecule, particularly of a strand of DNA or RNA, refers to the nature of the roles of the strand and its complement in specifying a sequence of amino acids. Depending on the context, sense may have slightly different meanings. For example, negative-sense strand of DNA is equivalent to the template strand, whereas the positive-sense strand is the non-template strand whose nucleotide sequence is equivalent to the sequence of the mRNA transcript. DNA sense Because of the complementary nature of base-pairing between nucleic acid polymers, a double-stranded DNA molecule will be composed of two strands with sequences that are reverse complements of each other. To help molecular biologists specifically identify each strand individually, the two strands are usually differentiated as the "sense" strand and the "antisense" strand. An individual strand of DNA is referred to as positive-sense (also positive (+) or simply sense) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Porcine Reproductive And Respiratory Syndrome Virus 2
''Betaarterivirus suid 2'' is a species of enveloped, positive-strand RNA viruses which infect domestic pigs. Members of the species are also known as porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus 2. Member viruses are a type of the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viruses (PRRSV). The two types of PRRSV are distinguished by which genomic cluster they are associated with. Type 1 is associated with a LV cluster. Type 2 is associated with a VR2332 cluster. PRRSV is in the ''Arteriviridae'' family and the order ''Nidovirales ''Nidovirales'' is an order of enveloped, positive-strand RNA viruses which infect vertebrates and invertebrates. Host organisms include mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, fish, arthropods, molluscs, and helminths. The order includes the fami ...''. It has a positive sense RNA genome that is 15 kb long. This genome consists of ten open reading frames (ORFs) with a 5' untranslated region (UTR) and a 3' UTR. PRRSV causes porcine reprod ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Betaarterivirus Suid 2
''Betaarterivirus suid 2'' is a species of Viral envelope, enveloped, Positive-strand RNA virus, positive-strand RNA viruses which infect Domestic pig, domestic pigs. Members of the species are also known as porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus 2. Member viruses are a type of the Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viruses (PRRSV). The two types of PRRSV are distinguished by which genomic cluster they are associated with. Type 1 is associated with a LV cluster. Type 2 is associated with a VR2332 cluster. PRRSV is in the ''Arteriviridae'' family and the order ''Nidovirales''. It has a positive sense RNA genome that is 15 kb long. This genome consists of ten open reading frames (ORFs) with a 5' untranslated region (UTR) and a 3' UTR. PRRSV causes porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome in swine. This syndrome results in failure during breeding and respiratory problems. Type 2 PRRSV was first seen i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Betaarterivirus Chinrav 1
''Betaarterivirus'' is a genus of enveloped, positive-strand RNA viruses which infect vertebrates. The genus is in the family '' Arteriviridae'' and order ''Nidovirales''. The genus contains four subgenera and six species. Structure Member viruses are enveloped, spherical, and 45–60 nm in diameter. Genome Betaarteriviruses have a positive-sense single-stranded RNA genome. Taxonomy The genus ''Betaarterivirus'' contains four subgenera and six species: *'' Ampobartevirus'' **''Betaarterivirus suid 2'' *'' Chibartevirus'' **'' Betaarterivirus chinrav 1'' **'' Betaarterivirus ninrav'' **''Betaarterivirus sheoin'' *'' Eurpobartevirus'' **''Betaarterivirus suid 1 ''Betaarterivirus suid 1'', formerly ''Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus'' (PRRSV), is a virus that causes a disease of pigs, called porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS), also known as blue-ear pig disease (in C ...'' *'' Mibartevirus'' **'' Betaarterivirus timiclar'' Refer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Betaarterivirus Ninrav
''Betaarterivirus'' is a genus of enveloped, positive-strand RNA viruses which infect vertebrates. The genus is in the family '' Arteriviridae'' and order ''Nidovirales''. The genus contains four subgenera and six species. Structure Member viruses are enveloped, spherical, and 45–60 nm in diameter. Genome Betaarteriviruses have a positive-sense single-stranded RNA genome. Taxonomy The genus ''Betaarterivirus'' contains four subgenera and six species: *'' Ampobartevirus'' **''Betaarterivirus suid 2'' *'' Chibartevirus'' **''Betaarterivirus chinrav 1'' **'' Betaarterivirus ninrav'' **''Betaarterivirus sheoin'' *'' Eurpobartevirus'' **''Betaarterivirus suid 1 ''Betaarterivirus suid 1'', formerly ''Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus'' (PRRSV), is a virus that causes a disease of pigs, called porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS), also known as blue-ear pig disease (in C ...'' *'' Mibartevirus'' **'' Betaarterivirus timiclar'' Refere ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Betaarterivirus Sheoin
''Betaarterivirus'' is a genus of enveloped, positive-strand RNA viruses which infect vertebrates. The genus is in the family '' Arteriviridae'' and order ''Nidovirales''. The genus contains four subgenera and six species. Structure Member viruses are enveloped, spherical, and 45–60 nm in diameter. Genome Betaarteriviruses have a positive-sense single-stranded RNA genome. Taxonomy The genus ''Betaarterivirus'' contains four subgenera and six species: *'' Ampobartevirus'' **''Betaarterivirus suid 2'' *'' Chibartevirus'' **'' Betaarterivirus chinrav 1'' **'' Betaarterivirus ninrav'' **'' Betaarterivirus sheoin'' *'' Eurpobartevirus'' **''Betaarterivirus suid 1 ''Betaarterivirus suid 1'', formerly ''Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus'' (PRRSV), is a virus that causes a disease of pigs, called porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS), also known as blue-ear pig disease (in C ...'' *'' Mibartevirus'' **'' Betaarterivirus timiclar'' Refe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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