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Berthella Plumula
''Berthella plumula'', commonly known as yellow-plumed sea slug, is a gastropod mollusc usually found on rocky coasts in the infralittoral zone and which can live up to 30m depth. Description ''Berthella plumula'' is an oval-shaped sea slug with an internal shell, which can be up to long. The body is up to and has a cream to orange colour and often displays reticulate markings. The head is flat and a large oral veil lies between the propodium and the mantle. The rhinophores are protruding and enrolled. The species has acid glands in the skin which secrete sulphuric acid for protection in case of danger. Distribution ''Berthella plumula'' is found in the north-eastern Atlantic, the Mediterranean Sea, the English Channel and the North Sea. Behavior Diet ''Berthella plumula'' is a slow moving predator which scrapes its radula on rocks to feed on colonial ascidians of the genus ''Botryllus'' as well as on '' Oscarella'' sponges. Reproduction The species is he ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
George Montagu (naturalist)
George Montagu (1753 – 20 June 1815) was an English army officer and naturalist. He was known for his pioneering '' Ornithological Dictionary'' of 1802, which for the first time accurately defined the status of Britain's birds. He is remembered today for species such as the Montagu's harrier, named for him. Life and work George Montagu was born to James Montagu (1713–1790), who was great-great-grandson of Lord James Montagu (d. 1665), who was younger son of Henry Montagu, 1st Earl of Manchester. Montagu is best known for his '' Ornithological Dictionary'' (1802) and his contributions to early knowledge of British birds. He showed that many previously accepted species were invalid, either because they were birds in summer or winter plumage or males and females of the same species. His study of harriers resulted in the discovery that the Montagu's harrier was breeding in southern England. He was also involved in the first British records of cirl bunting, whose breeding range ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
English Channel
The English Channel, "The Sleeve"; nrf, la Maunche, "The Sleeve" (Cotentinais) or ( Jèrriais), (Guernésiais), "The Channel"; br, Mor Breizh, "Sea of Brittany"; cy, Môr Udd, "Lord's Sea"; kw, Mor Bretannek, "British Sea"; nl, Het Kanaal, "The Channel"; german: Ärmelkanal, "Sleeve Channel" ( French: ''la Manche;'' also called the British Channel or simply the Channel) is an arm of the Atlantic Ocean that separates Southern England from northern France. It links to the southern part of the North Sea by the Strait of Dover at its northeastern end. It is the busiest shipping area in the world. It is about long and varies in width from at its widest to at its narrowest in the Strait of Dover."English Channel". ''The Columbia Encyclopedia'', 2004. It is the smallest of the shallow seas around the continental shelf of Europe, covering an area of some . The Channel was a key factor in Britain becoming a naval superpower and has been utilised by Britain as a natural def ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Molluscs Of The Mediterranean Sea
Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda, the members of which are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 85,000 extant species of molluscs are recognized. The number of fossil species is estimated between 60,000 and 100,000 additional species. The proportion of undescribed species is very high. Many taxa remain poorly studied. Molluscs are the largest marine phylum, comprising about 23% of all the named marine organisms. Numerous molluscs also live in freshwater and terrestrial habitats. They are highly diverse, not just in size and anatomical structure, but also in behaviour and habitat. The phylum is typically divided into 7 or 8 taxonomic classes, of which two are entirely extinct. Cephalopod molluscs, such as squid, cuttlefish, and octopuses, are among the most neurologically advanced of all invertebrates—and either the giant squid or the colossal squid is the largest known invertebrate species. The gastropods ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Molluscs Of The Atlantic Ocean
Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda, the members of which are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 85,000 extant species of molluscs are recognized. The number of fossil species is estimated between 60,000 and 100,000 additional species. The proportion of undescribed species is very high. Many taxa remain poorly studied. Molluscs are the largest marine phylum, comprising about 23% of all the named marine organisms. Numerous molluscs also live in freshwater and terrestrial habitats. They are highly diverse, not just in size and anatomical structure, but also in behaviour and habitat. The phylum is typically divided into 7 or 8 taxonomic classes, of which two are entirely extinct. Cephalopod molluscs, such as squid, cuttlefish, and octopuses, are among the most neurologically advanced of all invertebrates—and either the giant squid or the colossal squid is the largest known invertebrate species. The gastropods (s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pleurobranchidae
The Pleurobranchidae are a taxonomic family of sea slugs, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Pleurobranchomorpha. Characteristics Species in the family Pleurobranchidae have a prominent mantle and an internal shell that becomes reduced or is lost completely in adults. Some adult species have been seen feeding on ascidians. Larval pleurobranchids can be planktotrophic (feeding on plankton), lecithotrophic (deriving nutrition from yolk), or direct developing. Like all Pleurobranchomorpha, they breathe through an external gill, located on the right side (contrary to nudibranchs who have it on the back), just after the genital organ. Many species produce secretions from their rich glandular mantle as a chemical defense against predators. Even the production of sulfuric acid has been reported. Taxonomy Until 2005, this family was placed in the suborder Notaspidea. However, in the taxonomy of Bouchet & Rocroi (2005), the family Pleurobranchidae was placed in the sup ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Berthellina Edwardsii
''Berthellina edwardsii'' is a species of sea slug, a gastropod mollusc in the family Pleurobranchidae. It is native to the northeastern Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea. Description ''Berthellina edwardsii'' is a large sea slug, growing to a length of . The head bears a pair of smooth, rolled rhinophores at the top, but the triangular buccal veil and a pair of low-lying tentacles are less discernable. There is a small flattened internal shell which looks whitish when viewed through the translucent tissue, and there are dark spots visible through the dorsal surface which are the digestive glands. The foot is broad, and the gill is located on the right side of the body, between the foot and the mantle. The colour varies from whitish or lemon yellow to deep orange-red. This sea slug is very similar in appearance to ''Berthella aurantiaca''; there are no distinctive external features distinguishing the two, but ''B. aurantiaca'' has a much larger internal shell. Another ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Berthella Stellata
''Berthella stellata'' is a species of sea slug in the family Pleurobranchidae. It is found in shallow water in the Mediterranean Sea, the western Atlantic Ocean and the tropical and subtropical Indo-Pacific region. Taxonomy This sea slug was Species description, first described in 1826 by the French-Italian naturalist Antoine Risso. He gave it the name ''Pleurobranchus stellatus'', but it has since been moved to the genus ''Berthella'', becoming ''Berthella stellata''. It has a very wide distributional range, and morphological studies and molecular evidence suggest that it is a species complex consisting of at least eight species. These form a Monophyly, monophyletic group if ''Berthella strongi'' from the eastern Pacific Ocean is included. Description ''Berthella stellata'' is a slightly domed oval shape and can grow to a length of about . It has a translucent whitish or golden-brown mantle through which the thin, flattened internal shell, and the brownish visceral mass can be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hermaphrodite
In reproductive biology, a hermaphrodite () is an organism that has both kinds of reproductive organs and can produce both gametes associated with male and female sexes. Many Taxonomy (biology), taxonomic groups of animals (mostly invertebrates) do not have separate sexes. In these groups, hermaphroditism is a normal condition, enabling a form of sexual reproduction in which either partner can act as the female or male. For example, the great majority of tunicata, tunicates, pulmonate molluscs, opisthobranch, earthworms, and slugs are hermaphrodites. Hermaphroditism is also found in some fish species and to a lesser degree in other vertebrates. Most plants are also hermaphrodites. Animal species having different sexes, male and female, are called Gonochorism, gonochoric, which is the opposite of hermaphrodite. There are also species where hermaphrodites exist alongside males (called androdioecy) or alongside females (called gynodioecy), or all three exist in the same species ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oscarellidae
Oscarellidae is a family of marine sponges. Genera * '' Oscarella'' Vosmaer, 1884 ** '' Oscarella balibaloi'' Pérez, Ivanisevic, Dubois, Pedel, Thomas, Tokina & Ereskovsky, 2011 ** '' Oscarella bergenensis'' Gazave, Lavrov, Cabrol, Renard, Rocher, Vacelet, Adamska, Borchiellini & Ereskovsky, 2013 ** '' Oscarella carmela'' Muricy & Pearse, 2004 ** '' Oscarella cruenta'' (Carter, 1876) ** '' Oscarella filipoi'' Pérez & Ruiz, 2018 ** '' Oscarella imperialis'' Muricy, Boury-Esnault, Bézac & Vacelet, 1996 ** '' Oscarella kamchatkensis'' Ereskovsky, Sanamyan & Vishnyakov, 2009 ** ''Oscarella lobularis ''Oscarella lobularis'' is a species of sponge in the order Homosclerophorida. It is native to the northeastern Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea, where it forms encrusting colonies on rocks and other hard surfaces. Description ''Oscarell ...'' (Schmidt, 1862) ** '' Oscarella malakhovi'' Ereskovsky, 2006 ** '' Oscarella membranacea'' Hentschel, 1909 ** '' Oscarella microlobat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Botryllus
''Botryllus'' is a genus of colonial ascidian tunicates in the family Styelidae. Species Species in this genus include: * '' Botryllus arenaceus'' Monniot, 1988 * '' Botryllus aster'' Monniot, 1991 * '' Botryllus closionis'' Monniot, Monniot, Griffiths & Schleyer, 2001 * '' Botryllus compositus'' Tokioka, 1967 * '' Botryllus delicatus'' Okuyama & Saito, 2001 * '' Botryllus eilatensis'' Shenkar & Monniot, 2006 * ''Botryllus elegans'' (Quoy & Gaimard, 1834) * '' Botryllus firmus'' Monniot & Monniot, 1996 * '' Botryllus gregalis'' (Sluiter, 1898) * '' Botryllus horridus'' Saito & Okuyama, 2003 * '' Botryllus japonicus'' (Oka, 1931) * '' Botryllus leptus'' Savigny, 1816 * '' Botryllus maeandrius'' (Sluiter, 1898) * '' Botryllus magnus'' Ritter, 1901 * '' Botryllus mortenseni'' Millar, 1964 * '' Botryllus ovalis'' Monniot, 1988 * '' Botryllus perspicuum'' Herdman, 1886 * '' Botryllus planus'' (Van Name, 1902) * '' Botryllus primigenus'' Oka, 1928 * '' Botryllus promiscuus'' Okuyama ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ascidiacea
Ascidiacea, commonly known as the ascidians, tunicates (in part), and sea squirts (in part), is a polyphyletic class in the subphylum Tunicata of sac-like marine invertebrate filter feeders. Ascidians are characterized by a tough outer "tunic" made of a polysaccharide. Ascidians are found all over the world, usually in shallow water with salinities over 2.5%. While members of the Thaliacea and Larvacea (Appendicularia) swim freely like plankton, sea squirts are sessile animals after their larval phase: they then remain firmly attached to their substratum, such as rocks and shells. There are 2,300 species of ascidians and three main types: solitary ascidians, social ascidians that form clumped communities by attaching at their bases, and compound ascidians that consist of many small individuals (each individual is called a zooid) forming colonies up to several meters in diameter. Sea squirts feed by taking in water through a tube, the oral siphon. The water enters the mouth ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Radula
The radula (, ; plural radulae or radulas) is an anatomical structure used by molluscs for feeding, sometimes compared to a tongue. It is a minutely toothed, chitinous ribbon, which is typically used for scraping or cutting food before the food enters the esophagus. The radula is unique to the molluscs, and is found in every class of mollusc except the bivalves, which instead use cilia, waving filaments that bring minute organisms to the mouth. Within the gastropods, the radula is used in feeding by both herbivorous and carnivorous snails and slugs. The arrangement of teeth ( denticles) on the radular ribbon varies considerably from one group to another. In most of the more ancient lineages of gastropods, the radula is used to graze, by scraping diatoms and other microscopic algae off rock surfaces and other substrates. Predatory marine snails such as the Naticidae use the radula plus an acidic secretion to bore through the shell of other molluscs. Other predatory marine snails ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
