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Beijing Students' Autonomous Federation
The Beijing Students' Autonomous Federation ( zh, s=北京高校学生自治联合会, p=Běijīng gāoxiào xuéshēng zìzhì liánhé huì) was a self-governing student organization, representing multiple Beijing universities, and acting as the student protesters' principal decision-making body during the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests.Corinna-Barbara Francis, "The Progress of Protest in China: The Spring of 1989," Asian Survey 29, no. 9 (September 1, 1989): 904, . Student protesters founded the Federation in opposition to the official, government-supported student organizations, which they believed were undemocratic.Calhoun, ''Neither Gods Nor Emperors'', 41.Peter Li, Marjorie H. Li, and Steven Mark, ''Culture and Politics in China: An Anatomy of Tiananmen Square'' (Transaction Publishers, 2009), 157. Although the Federation made several demands of the government during the protestsKing and Cushman, ''Political Communication'', 121.Francis, "The Progress of Protest in China," 911 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yuanmingyuan
The Old Summer Palace, also known as Yuanmingyuan () or Yuanmingyuan Park, originally called the Imperial Gardens (), and sometimes called the Winter Palace, was a complex of palaces and gardens in present-day Haidian District, Beijing, China. It is northwest of the walls of the former Imperial City, Beijing, Imperial City section of Beijing. Widely perceived as the pinnacle work of Chinese garden, Chinese imperial garden and palace design, the Old Summer Palace was known for its extensive collection of gardens, its Chinese architecture#Imperial, building architecture and numerous Chinese art, art and historical treasures. Constructed throughout the 18th and early 19th centuries, the Old Summer Palace was the main imperial residence of Qianlong Emperor of the Qing dynasty and List of emperors of the Qing dynasty, his successors, and where they handled state affairs; the Forbidden City was used for formal ceremonies. It was reputed as the "Garden of Gardens" () in its heyday. Dur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
History Of Beijing
The city of Beijing has a long and rich history that dates back over 3,000 years. Prior to the unification of China by the Qin Shi Huang, First Emperor in 221 BC, Beijing had been for centuries the capital of the ancient states of Ji (state), Ji and Yan (state), Yan. It was a provincial center in the earliest unified empires of China, Qin dynasty, Qin and Han dynasty, Han. The northern border of ancient China ran close to the present city of Beijing, and northern nomadic tribes frequently broke in from across the border. Thus, the area that was to become Beijing emerged as an important strategic and a local political centre. During the first millennia of History of China#Imperial China, imperial rule, Beijing was a provincial city in North China, northern China. Its stature grew in the 10th to the 13th centuries when the nomadic Khitan people, Khitan and forest-dwelling Jurchen people, Jurchen peoples from beyond the Great Wall expanded southward and made the city a capital of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Defunct Organizations Based In China
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Defunct (no longer in use or active) may refer to: * ''Defunct'' (video game), 2014 * Zombie process or defunct process, in Unix-like operating systems See also * * :Former entities * End-of-life product * Obsolescence Obsolescence is the state of being which occurs when an object, service, or practice is no longer maintained or required even though it may still be in good working order. It usually happens when something that is more efficient or less risky r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Civil Rights Protests
{{disambiguation ...
Civil may refer to: *Civic virtue, or civility *Civil action, or lawsuit * Civil affairs *Civil and political rights *Civil disobedience *Civil engineering *Civil (journalism), a platform for independent journalism *Civilian, someone not a member of armed forces *Civil law (other), multiple meanings *Civil liberties *Civil religion *Civil service *Civil society *Civil war *Civil (surname) Civil is a surname. Notable people with the surname include: *Alan Civil (1929–1989), British horn player *François Civil (born 1989), French actor * Gabrielle Civil, American performance artist *Karen Civil (born 1984), American social media an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1989 In China
Events in the year 1989 in the People's Republic of China. Incumbents * General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party - Zhao Ziyang until June 24, Jiang Zemin * President – Yang Shangkun * Premier – Li Peng * Vice President – Wang Zhen * Vice Premier – Yao Yilin * Congress Chairman - Wan Li * Conference Chairman - Li Xiannian Governors * Governor of Anhui Province – Li Rongling then Fu Xishou * Governor of Fujian Province – Wang Zhaoguo * Governor of Gansu Province – Jia Zhijie * Governor of Guangdong Province – Ye Xuanping * Governor of Guizhou Province – Wang Zhaowen * Governor of Hainan Province – Liu Jianfeng * Governor of Hebei Province – Yue Qifeng * Governor of Heilongjiang Province – Hou Jie then Shao Qihui * Governor of Henan Province – Cheng Weigao * Governor of Hubei Province – Guo Zhenqian * Governor of Hunan Province – Xiong Qingquan then Chen Bangzhu * G ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Funding Of Student Organizations During The 1989 Tiananmen Square Protests And Massacre
The catalyst for the birth of the Pro-Democracy Movement was the death of Hu Yaobang on April 15, 1989. Beginning in late April until June 3 large crowds gathered in Tiananmen Square. During this period a significant amount of money was donated to the student organizations, it was spent on providing food, water and other supplies required to sustain the many thousands of protesters who occupied the square. Organization in Tiananmen Square Virtually every day large numbers of people gathered in the square to demonstrate, on some days tens of thousands of people took participated. During May increasing numbers of students travelled long distances from other parts of China to participate in the protests. As the numbers of people increased it soon became apparent that an attempt had to be made to organize the demonstrations and attempt to keep order in the square. The Beijing Students’ Autonomous Federation became the self-appointed organizers.Chai, Ling. ''A Heart for Freedom'', I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
United Front Work Department
The United Front Work Department of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party (UFWD; ) is a department of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) which is officially tasked with "united front work". For this endeavor, it gathers intelligence on, manages relations with, and attempts to influence elite individuals and organizations inside and outside China, including in Hong Kong and Taiwan. The UFWD focuses its work on people or entities that are outside the CCP, especially in overseas Chinese communities, who hold political, commercial, or academic influence, or who represent interest groups. Through its efforts, the UFWD seeks to ensure that these individuals and groups are supportive of or useful to CCP interests and that potential critics remain divided. History The United Front Work Department was created during the Chinese Civil War, and was reestablished in 1979 under paramount leader Deng Xiaoping. Since 2012, the role and scope of the UFWD ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yan Mingfu
Yan Mingfu (; born November 1931) is a retired Chinese politician. His first prominent role in government began in 1985, when he was made leader of the United Front Work Department for the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). He held the position until the CCP expelled him for inadequately following the party line in his dialogues with students during the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre.Josephine Ma"Taiwan post marks former aide’s return to the fold" ''South China Morning Post'', October 30, 2007. Yan returned to government work in 1991 when he became a vice minister of Civil Affairs.“Ex-Allies of Purged Leader Zhao Are Assigned New Posts in China,” ''The Asian Wall Street Journal'', June 3, 1991, 22. Early career Yan was born in Liaoning province in 1931. In 1949, he graduated from the Harbin Foreign Language College. He then became the official Russian translator for Mao Zedong, before being promoted to a high-ranking party position sometime in the late 1950s. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Li Peng
Li Peng (; 20 October 1928 – 22 July 2019) was a Chinese politician who served as the fourth Premier of the People's Republic of China from 1987 to 1998, and as the Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, China's top legislative body, from 1998 to 2003. For much of the 1990s Li was ranked second in the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) hierarchy behind then Party General Secretary Jiang Zemin. He retained his seat on the CCP Politburo Standing Committee until his retirement in 2002. Li was the son of an early Communist revolutionary, Li Shuoxun, who was executed by the Kuomintang. After meeting Zhou Enlai in Sichuan, Li was raised by Zhou and his wife, Deng Yingchao. Li trained to be an engineer in the USSR and worked at an important national power company after returning to China. He escaped the political turmoil of the 1950s, '60s and '70s due to his political connections and his employment in the company. After Deng Xiaoping became China's lea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Premier Of The People's Republic Of China
The premier of the State Council of the People's Republic of China, commonly called the premier of China and sometimes also referred to as the prime minister, is the head of government of China and leader of the State Council. The premier is nominally the second most powerful position in China's political system, under the general secretary of the Chinese Communist Party (paramount leader), and holds the highest rank in the civil service of the central government. The premier is responsible to the National People's Congress and its Standing Committee. The premier serves for a five-year term, renewable once. The premier presides over the plenary and executive meetings of the State Council, and is assisted by vice premiers in their work. Every premier has been a member of the Politburo Standing Committee since the PRC's founding in 1949, except during brief transition periods. In China's political system, the premier is generally thought to be responsible for managing the econom ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zhao Ziyang
Zhao Ziyang ( zh, 赵紫阳; pronounced , 17 October 1919 – 17 January 2005) was a Chinese politician. He was the third premier of the People's Republic of China from 1980 to 1987, vice chairman of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) from 1981 to 1982, and CCP general secretary from 1987 to 1989. He was in charge of the political reforms in China from 1986, but lost power in connection with the reformative neoauthoritarianism current and his support of the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests. Zhao joined the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) in February 1938. During the Second Sino-Japanese War, he served as the chief officer of CCP Hua County Committee, Director of the Organization Department of the CCP Yubei prefecture Party Committee, Secretary of the CCP Hebei-Shandong-Henan Border Region Prefecture Party Committee and Political Commissar of the 4th Military Division of the Hebei-Shandong-Henan Military Region. During the Chinese Civil War of 1945-1949, Zhao served as the Deputy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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