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Bayreuth–Warmensteinach Railway
The Bayreuth–Warmensteinach railway is a branch line in the Bavarian province of Upper Franconia in southern Germany. It is the last still partially intact of the seven branch lines, that formerly served the Fichtelgebirge. History On 1 January 1993, the line from Weidenberg to Warmensteinach was closed; the official reason being bridge damage. On 10 June 2001 services on the remaining section were withdrawn. It had already been decided to dismantle the line, but this was prevented by its sale to the Deutsche Regionaleisenbahn (DRE). Operations restarted on 5 May 2002; but ceased again on 1 June 2004. Because the former Bavarian Minister for Transport, Otto Wiesheu, refused to finance this non-federal line with public money, responsibility for the section of the line from Bayreuth to Weidenberg was transferred to the local authorities (Bayreuth district and Markt Weidenberg) under a construction rental agreement on 1 August 2005. By this means fi ...
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Schnabelwaid–Bayreuth Railway
The Schnabelwaid–Bayreuth railway is an 18.2 km long single-track main line from Schnabelwaid via Creußen to Bayreuth in the German state of Bavaria. It is part of the Saxon-Franconian trunk line (german: Sachsen-Franken-Magistrale). History The line was built as a continuation of the Pegnitz Valley Railway from Nuremberg to Pegnitz to provide a direct connection from Bayreuth to Nuremberg that was shorter than the branch line opened in 1853 from Neuenmarkt-Wirsberg on the Ludwig South-North Railway. It was opened on 15 July 1877. Route The line branches off the Nuremberg–Cheb line at Schnabelwaid station and runs north next to highways B 2 and B 85 and the Red Main river to Bayreuth. Just south of Bayreuth station the line crosses the valley of the Red Main on a 1.5 km-long embankment. On this embankment to the east of the Schnabelwaid–Bayreuth line is the parallel track of the Weiden–Bayreuth line. The two tracks cross the B 22 ( ...
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Upper Franconia
Upper Franconia (german: Oberfranken) is a ''Regierungsbezirk'' (administrative 'Regierungs''region 'bezirk'' of the state of Bavaria, southern Germany. It forms part of the historically significant region of Franconia, the others being Middle Franconia and Lower Franconia, which are all now part of the German Federal State of Bayern (''Bavaria''). With more than 200 independent breweries which brew approximately 1000 different types of beer, Upper Franconia has the world's highest brewery-density per capita. A special Franconian beer route (''Fränkische Brauereistraße'') runs through many popular breweries. Geography The administrative region borders on Thuringia (''Thüringen'') to the north, Lower Franconia (''Unterfranken'') to the west, Middle Franconia (''Mittelfranken'') to the south-west, and Upper Palatinate (''Oberpfalz'') to the south-east, Saxony (''Sachsen'') to the north-east and the Czech Republic to the east. History After the founding of the Kingdom of Bava ...
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Fichtel Mountains
The Fichtel MountainsRandlesome, C. et al. (2011). ''Business Cultures in Europe'', 2nd ed., Routledge, Abingdon and New York, p. 52. . (german: Fichtelgebirge, cs, Smrčiny), form a small horseshoe-shaped mountain range in northeastern Bavaria, Germany. They extend from the valley of the Red Main River to the Czech border, a few foothills spilling over into the Czech Republic. They continue in a northeasterly direction as the Elster Mountains, and in a southeasterly direction as the Upper Palatine Forest. The Fichtel Mountains contain an important nature park, the Fichtel Mountain Nature Park, with an area of . Etymology The first person to write about the Fichtel Mountains, Matthias of Kemnath (actually Matthias Widmann, born 23 February 1429 in Kemnath) reported in 1476: ''Ein bergk, hoch, weitt, wolbekant ligt in Beiern, gnant der Fichtelberg'' ("A mountain, high, wide and well-known, lies in Bavaria, known as the Fichtelberg"). In descriptions of the border in 1499 and 15 ...
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Branch Lines In Bavaria
A branch, sometimes called a ramus in botany, is a woody structural member connected to the central trunk (botany), trunk of a tree (or sometimes a shrub). Large branches are known as boughs and small branches are known as twigs. The term ''twig'' usually refers to a wikt:terminus, terminus, while ''bough'' refers only to branches coming directly from the trunk. Due to a broad range of species of trees, branches and twigs can be found in many different shapes and sizes. While branches can be nearly vertical and horizontal, horizontal, vertical, or diagonal, the majority of trees have upwardly diagonal branches. A number of mathematical properties are associated with tree branchings; they are natural examples of fractal patterns in nature, and, as observed by Leonardo da Vinci, their cross section (geometry), cross-sectional areas closely follow the da Vinci branching rule. Terminology Because of the enormous quantity of branches in the world, there are numerous names in Engl ...
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Bayerische Eisenbahngesellschaft
Bayerische Eisenbahngesellschaft (BEG; German for ''Bavarian Railways Company'') is the passenger transport company for regional railways in Bavaria. Founded in 1995, it is organised as a GmbH wholly owned by the Bavarian Government. The company does not provide any services or own tracks or rolling stock. Instead, it purchases services from railway companies that actually operate the trains. History In 1995, when the ''Act on the Regionalisation of Public Local Passenger Transport'' (''Gesetz zur Regionalisierung des öffentlichen Personennahverkehrs'') transferred the responsibility for local passenger transport from the federal government to the ''Länder'', the Bavarian Ministry of Economy, Infrastructure, Traffic and Technology founded the Bayerische Eisenbahngesellschaft to organise the local passenger rail transport in Bavaria. Owing to the market situation at that time, in 1996 it awarded the contract for most of the network to Deutsche Bahn, the national rail company ...
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Landtag
A Landtag (State Diet) is generally the legislative assembly or parliament of a federated state or other subnational self-governing entity in German-speaking nations. It is usually a unicameral assembly exercising legislative competence in non-federal matters. The States of Germany and Austria are governed by ''landtage''. In addition, the legislature of the Italian autonomous province of South Tyrol is known in German as a ''landtag''. Historically, states of the German Confederation also established ''landtage''. The Landtag of Liechtenstein is the small nation's unicameral assembly. Name The German word Landtag is composed of the words ''Land'' (state, country or territory) and ''Tag'' (day). The German word ''Tagung'' (meeting) is derived from the German word ''Tag'', as such meetings were held at daylight and sometimes spanned several days. Historic Landtag assemblies States of the Holy Roman Empire In feudal society, the formal class system was reflected in the ...
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Deutsche Regionaleisenbahn
Deutsch or Deutsche may refer to: *''Deutsch'' or ''(das) Deutsche'': the German language, in Germany and other places *''Deutsche'': Germans, as a weak masculine, feminine or plural demonym *Deutsch (word), originally referring to the Germanic vernaculars of the Early Middle Ages Businesses and organisations * André Deutsch, an imprint of Carlton Publishing Group *Deutsch Inc., a former American advertising agency that split in 2020 into: **Deutsch NY, a New York City-based advertising agency * d Age, June 13 ..., a New York City-based advertising agency *Deutsche Aerospace AG *Deutsche Akademie">Deutsche Aerospace AG">d Age, June 13 ..., a New York City-based advertising agency *Deutsche Aerospace AG *Deutsche Akademie, a cultural organisation, superseded by the Goethe-Institut *Deutsche Bahn, the German railway service *Deutsche Bank *Deutsche Börse, a German stock exchange *Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft, the German Geophysical Society *Deutsche Grammophon, a Germ ...
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Fichtelgebirge
The Fichtel MountainsRandlesome, C. et al. (2011). ''Business Cultures in Europe'', 2nd ed., Routledge, Abingdon and New York, p. 52. . (german: Fichtelgebirge, cs, Smrčiny), form a small horseshoe-shaped mountain range in northeastern Bavaria, Germany. They extend from the valley of the Red Main River to the Czech border, a few foothills spilling over into the Czech Republic. They continue in a northeasterly direction as the Elster Mountains, and in a southeasterly direction as the Upper Palatine Forest. The Fichtel Mountains contain an important nature park, the Fichtel Mountain Nature Park, with an area of . Etymology The first person to write about the Fichtel Mountains, Matthias of Kemnath (actually Matthias Widmann, born 23 February 1429 in Kemnath) reported in 1476: ''Ein bergk, hoch, weitt, wolbekant ligt in Beiern, gnant der Fichtelberg'' ("A mountain, high, wide and well-known, lies in Bavaria, known as the Fichtelberg"). In descriptions of the border in 1499 and 15 ...
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Germany
Germany,, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It is the second most populous country in Europe after Russia, and the most populous member state of the European Union. Germany is situated between the Baltic and North seas to the north, and the Alps to the south; it covers an area of , with a population of almost 84 million within its 16 constituent states. Germany borders Denmark to the north, Poland and the Czech Republic to the east, Austria and Switzerland to the south, and France, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands to the west. The nation's capital and most populous city is Berlin and its financial centre is Frankfurt; the largest urban area is the Ruhr. Various Germanic tribes have inhabited the northern parts of modern Germany since classical antiquity. A region named Germania was documented before AD 100. In 962, the Kingdom of Germany formed the bulk of the Holy Roman Empire. During the 16th ce ...
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Bavaria
Bavaria ( ; ), officially the Free State of Bavaria (german: Freistaat Bayern, link=no ), is a state in the south-east of Germany. With an area of , Bavaria is the largest German state by land area, comprising roughly a fifth of the total land area of Germany. With over 13 million inhabitants, it is second in population only to North Rhine-Westphalia, but due to its large size its population density is below the German average. Bavaria's main cities are Munich (its capital and largest city and also the third largest city in Germany), Nuremberg, and Augsburg. The history of Bavaria includes its earliest settlement by Iron Age Celtic tribes, followed by the conquests of the Roman Empire in the 1st century BC, when the territory was incorporated into the provinces of Raetia and Noricum. It became the Duchy of Bavaria (a stem duchy) in the 6th century AD following the collapse of the Western Roman Empire. It was later incorporated into the Holy Roman Empire, became an ind ...
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Bayreuth–Hollfeld Railway
The Bayreuth–Hollfeld railway was a branch line in the Bavarian province of Upper Franconia. It ran from Bayreuth to Hollfeld in the northern part of Franconian Switzerland. Construction Plans for the construction of this line went back to the 1860s. Originally an even longer railway was planned: to the west via Forchheim–Höchstadt to Rothenburg and in the east into the Fichtelgebirge mountains. A link to Bamberg via Scheßlitz was also considered. But due to the cost of building a route in such difficult terrain only the above-mentioned line was built. Its construction took place between 1902 and 1904 and the opening ceremony was held on 9 March 1904. The journey time for the route, which was just under 33 kilometres long, was two hours. To begin with there were only three pairs of trains per day. Route The exact length of the line (from the centre line of the station buildings at each end) was 32.73 km and, as the crow flies, 20.5 km. The station ...
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