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Battle Of Lipany
The Battle of Lipany (in Czech: ''Bitva u Lipan''), also called the Battle of Český Brod, was fought at Lipany 40 km east of Prague on 30 May 1434 and virtually ended the Hussite Wars. An army of Moderate Hussite (or Calixtine) nobility and Catholics, called the Bohemian League, defeated the radical Taborites and Orphans (or ''Sirotci'') led by Prokop the Great, the overall commander, and by Jan Čapek of Sány, the cavalry commander. The battle The radicals set up a Wagenburg on a strategically advantageous hill, and both armies stood against each other for some time. An attempt by the Calixtines/Utraquists to negotiate and resolve the conflict peacefully failed due to irreconcilable positions of the two sides. Three days after the unsuccessful negotiations, the Leaguers advanced to the radicals' encampment; although the following mutual cannonade was harmless due to distance between the two armies, to the surprise of the radicals the Leaguers began to retreat with a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hussite Wars
The Hussite Wars, also called the Bohemian Wars or the Hussite Revolution, were a series of civil wars fought between the Hussites and the combined Catholic forces of Holy Roman Emperor Sigismund, the Papacy, European monarchs loyal to the Catholic Church, as well as various Hussite factions. At a late stage of the conflict, the Utraquists changed sides in 1432 to fight alongside Roman Catholics and opposed the Taborites and other Hussite spinoffs. These wars lasted from 1419 to approximately 1434. The unrest began after pre-Protestant Christian reformer Jan Hus was executed by the Catholic Church in 1415 for heresy. Because the King Wenceslaus IV of Bohemia had plans to be crowned the Holy Roman Emperor (requiring Papal Coronation), he suppressed the religion of the Hussites, yet it continued to spread. When King Wenceslaus IV died of natural causes a few years later, the tension stemming from the Hussites grew stronger. In Prague and various other parts of Bohemia, the Cath ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rosenberg Family
The House of Rosenberg ( cs, Rožmberkové, sg. ''z Rožmberka'') was a prominent Bohemian noble family that played an important role in Czech medieval history from the 13th century until 1611. Members of this family held posts at the Prague royal (and later imperial) court, and were viewed as very powerful lords of the Kingdom of Bohemia. This branch of the Vítkovci clan was initially founded by Vítek III, the son of Witiko of Prčice. History Around 1250, the Vítkovci clan settled at the Rožmberk Castle in the region of Český Krumlov, then about 1253 erected the Český Krumlov Castle. The Český Krumlov Castle thus became the residence of the Lords of Rosenbergs for the next three hundred years. It was the Rosenbergs who influenced the appearance of southern Bohemia to a great extent. The coat of arms and emblem of this family was represented by a red five-petalled rose on a silver field, which is still often seen in a considerable part of southern Bohemia. Pete ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kolín
Kolín (; german: Kolin, Neu Kolin, Collin) is a town in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 32,000 inhabitants. The town centre is well preserved and is protected by law as an urban monument reservation. Administrative parts Kolín is made up of town parts of Kolín I–VI and of villages of Sendražice, Šťáralka, Štítary and Zibohlavy. Etymology The name Kolín probably comes from the Old Czech verb ''koliti'', i.e. "to hammer poles", and is related to the location of Starý Kolín in the often flooded area at the confluence of Klejnárka and Elbe. The soil in the vicinity of the confluence was strengthened with the help of wooden poles. Geography Kolín lies about east of Prague. It lies in a fertile landscape of the Central Elbe Table lowland. The town is located on the Elbe River. In the eastern part of the municipal territory is Sandberk, an artificial lake created by flooding a sandstone quarry. History Ptolemy's world map mentions B ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Utraquism
Utraquism (from the Latin ''sub utraque specie'', meaning "under both kinds") or Calixtinism (from chalice; Latin: ''calix'', mug, borrowed from Greek ''kalyx'', shell, husk; Czech: kališníci) was a belief amongst Hussites, a reformist Christian movement, that communion under both kinds (both bread and wine, as opposed to the bread alone) should be administered to the laity during the celebration of the Eucharist. It was a principal dogma of the Hussites and one of the Four Articles of Prague. After the Hussite movement split into various factions early in the Hussite Wars, Hussites that emphasized the laity's right to communion under both kinds became known as Moderate Hussites, Utraquist Hussites, or simply Utraquists. The Utraquists were the largest major Hussite faction. Following the victory of allied Utraquist and Catholic forces in the Hussite Wars, Utraquists constituted a majority of the Bohemian population until the outbreak of the Thirty Years' War, nearly two centuri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wagenburg
A wagon fort, wagon fortress, or corral, often referred to as circling the wagons, is a temporary fortification made of wagons arranged into a rectangle, circle, or other shape and possibly joined with each other to produce an improvised military camp. It is also known as a laager (from Afrikaans), especially in historical African contexts, and a tabor (from Polish/Ukrainian/Russian) among the Cossacks. Overview Ammianus Marcellinus, a Roman army officer and historian of the 4th century, describes a Roman army approaching "ad carraginem" as they approach a Gothic camp. Historians interpret this as a wagon-fort. Notable historical examples include the Hussites, who called it ''vozová hradba'' ("wagon wall"), known under the German translation ''Wagenburg'' ("wagon fort/fortress"), ''tabors'' in the armies of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and Cossacks, and the ''laager'' of settlers in South Africa. Similar, ''ad hoc'', defensive formations used in the United States wer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Roman Catholic Church
The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.3 billion baptized Catholics worldwide . It is among the world's oldest and largest international institutions, and has played a prominent role in the history and development of Western civilization.O'Collins, p. v (preface). The church consists of 24 ''sui iuris'' churches, including the Latin Church and 23 Eastern Catholic Churches, which comprise almost 3,500 dioceses and eparchies located around the world. The pope, who is the bishop of Rome, is the chief pastor of the church. The bishopric of Rome, known as the Holy See, is the central governing authority of the church. The administrative body of the Holy See, the Roman Curia, has its principal offices in Vatican City, a small enclave of the Italian city of Rome, of which the pope is head of state. The core beliefs of Catholicism are found in the Nicene Creed. The Catholic Church teaches that it is th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Death By Burning
Death by burning (also known as immolation) is an execution and murder method involving combustion or exposure to extreme heat. It has a long history as a form of public capital punishment, and many societies have employed it as a punishment for and warning against crimes such as treason, heresy, and witchcraft. The best-known execution of this type is burning at the stake, where the condemned is bound to a large wooden stake and a fire lit beneath. Effects In the process of being burned to death, a body experiences burns to exposed tissue, changes in content and distribution of body fluid, fixation of tissue, and shrinkage (especially of the skin). Internal organs may be shrunken due to fluid loss. Shrinkage and contraction of the muscles may cause joints to flex and the body to adopt the "pugilistic stance" (boxer stance), with the elbows and knees flexed and the fists clenched. Shrinkage of the skin around the neck may be severe enough to strangle a victim. Fluid shifts, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oldřich II Of Rosenberg
Oldřich II of Rosenberg (Czech: ; 13 January 1403 – 28 April 1462) was an important Bohemian nobleman who, after the Battle of Lipany, became a recognized leader of the Catholic lords in Bohemia. Biography Oldřich II increased the power of the Rosenberg family after taking advantage of the weakening royal power during the Hussite wars. Oldřich was initially sympathetic for the Hussite movement, a position influenced by his guardian Čeněk of Wartenberg. However, after the Hussites burned down the town of Sezimovo Ústí in 1420 and founded Tábor on the very northern border of the , Oldřich became a leading ally of Emperor Sigismund and acted as a negotiator and diplomat. Sigismund appointed him governor of the Bechyně region and Prácheňsko. Oldřich II was defeated in the Battle of Tábor and in the near modern day Malý Bor, and participated in the Battle of Vyšehrad in 1420. He found later military success in the Battle of Lipany in 1434 and saw to the destruction ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diviš Bořek Of Miletínek
Diviš Bořek z Miletínka (german: Diwisch Borek von Miletin) (died 8 January 1438) was a captain of the Hussites in eastern and central Bohemia. He started his career as a poor, rural nobleman of Czech origin, seated at small stronghold named Miletínek, near the village Miletín in northeastern Bohemia. After Jan Hus had been burned at the stake in Constance (1415), he joined the Hussite movement. At first, he was a leader of the more radical Hussites and a comrade of Jan Žižka; later he became more moderate and even fought against the Taborites. In 1420, Diviš and priest Ambrož Hradecký conquered Hradec Králové, the most important city in eastern Bohemia. It allowed him in following year to conquer and loot nearby Benedictine monastery at Opatovice nad Labem and subsequently the very same fate prepared for the Cistercian Sezemice Convent. He confiscated their properties which made him suddenly a rich man. In 1423, he founded a small castle on the hill Kunětická Hor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jan Roháč Z Dubé
Jan, JaN or JAN may refer to: Acronyms * Jackson, Mississippi (Amtrak station), US, Amtrak station code JAN * Jackson-Evers International Airport, Mississippi, US, IATA code * Jabhat al-Nusra (JaN), a Syrian militant group * Japanese Article Number, a barcode standard compatible with EAN * Japanese Accepted Name, a Japanese nonproprietary drug name * Job Accommodation Network, US, for people with disabilities * ''Joint Army-Navy'', US standards for electronic color codes, etc. * ''Journal of Advanced Nursing'' Personal name * Jan (name), male variant of ''John'', female shortened form of ''Janet'' and ''Janice'' * Jan (Persian name), Persian word meaning 'life', 'soul', 'dear'; also used as a name * Ran (surname), romanized from Mandarin as Jan in Wade–Giles * Ján, Slovak name Other uses * January, as an abbreviation for the first month of the year in the Gregorian calendar * Jan (cards), a term in some card games when a player loses without taking any tricks or scoring a mini ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prokop The Lesser
Prokop may mean either of two Hussite generals, both of whom died in the 1434 battle of Lipan: * Prokop the Great * Prokop the Lesser Other people who bore the name Prokop: * Procopius, 6c historian * Saint Prokop, or Procopius of Sázava (died 1053), a Czech saint * Prokop, bishop of Kraków (1292–1294) * Adolf Prokop, German football referee * Bohumír Prokop, Czech handballer * František Prokop, Czech sport shooter * Gerhard Prokop, German football manager * Gert Prokop, German writer * Hubert Prokop (basketball), Czech basketball player * Joe Prokop (born 1960), American football player * Joe Prokop (halfback) (1921–1995), American football player * Ladislav Prokop, Czech basketball player * Liese Prokop, Austrian athlete and politician * Luke Prokop (born 2002), Canadian ice hockey player * Martin Prokop, Czech rally driver * Matt Prokop, American actor * Skip Prokop, Canadian musician * Stanley A. Prokop, U.S. Congressman for Pennsylvania (1959–1961) Places * Prok ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jan Čapek Of Sány
Jan Čapek of Sány ( cs, Jan Čapek ze Sán; c. 1390, Sány – c. 1452, probably in Hukvaldy) was a Czech Hussite noble, general of Władysław III of Poland. Biography Čapek was first mentioned in Hungarian sources as a leader of Władysław’s Hungarian-Polish army, which around 15 June 1440 occupied Győr, a territory belonged to Elizabeth of Luxemburg and her son, Ladislaus the Posthumous. He might be the leader of the army when Władysław crossed the borders of Hungary for the crowning ceremony, as he was the elected king of Hungary at this time. He took part at the war against Ottomans in 1443, but he was not mentioned as a participant of the Battle of Varna, where the king died. He returned to Moravia Moravia ( , also , ; cs, Morava ; german: link=yes, Mähren ; pl, Morawy ; szl, Morawa; la, Moravia) is a historical region in the east of the Czech Republic and one of three historical Czech lands, with Bohemia and Czech Silesia. The m ..., where he owned ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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