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Battle Of Częstochowa (1939)
The Battle of Częstochowa was one of the first battles of the Invasion of Poland during World War II. It took place on September 1–3, 1939. Preparations The Polish army tasked the 7th Infantry Division to defend Częstochowa. The region started defensive preparations in March 1939 with the planning of a fortified defensive line with concrete bunkers and earthworks (trenches, etc), barbed wire and other defenses. By the time of the invasion, the Częstochowa region had 19 reinforced concrete combat and observation bunkers, plus 4 in Lubliniec as well as wooden and earth bunkers and mine fields, barriers, barbed wire, anti-tank ditches, trenches, artillery, anti-tank guns ( Pistolet przeciwpancernymi Wz 36/bofors 37mm) and machine guns (Ckm wz. 30) and a telephone network. Bridges and viaducts were constructed throughout the region. By August 29, the 7th Infantry Division had occupied the fortified defenses. The battle September 1st On September 1, the Częstochowa regio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
World War II
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis powers. World War II was a total war that directly involved more than 100 million personnel from more than 30 countries. The major participants in the war threw their entire economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities behind the war effort, blurring the distinction between civilian and military resources. Aircraft played a major role in the conflict, enabling the strategic bombing of population centres and deploying the only two nuclear weapons ever used in war. World War II was by far the deadliest conflict in human history; it resulted in 70 to 85 million fatalities, mostly among civilians. Tens of millions died due to genocides (including the Holocaust), starvation, ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lubliniec
Lubliniec (german: Lublinitz) is a town in southern Poland with 23,784 inhabitants (2019). It is the capital of Lubliniec County, part of Silesian Voivodeship (since 1999); previously it was in Częstochowa Voivodeship (1975–1998). Geography Lubliniec is situated in the north of the historic Upper Silesia region at the rim of the Upper Silesian Industrial Region, about northwest of Katowice. It is an important rail hub, with two major lines crossing there – east-west (from Częstochowa to Opole) and south–north (from Katowice to Poznań) – and a site of light and chemical industry. The surrounding area is characterized by extended forests (''Lasy Lublinieckie''), including the Upper Liswarta Forests Landscape Park north of the town. History Lubliniec was established about 1270 by the Piast duke Władysław of Opole on the road leading from his residence Opole to Kraków. It was part of the Duchy of Opole within fragmented Piast-ruled Poland. According to old folk tr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wehrmacht
The ''Wehrmacht'' (, ) were the unified armed forces of Nazi Germany from 1935 to 1945. It consisted of the ''Heer'' (army), the ''Kriegsmarine'' (navy) and the ''Luftwaffe'' (air force). The designation "''Wehrmacht''" replaced the previously used term and was the manifestation of the Nazi regime's efforts to rearm Germany to a greater extent than the Treaty of Versailles permitted. After the Nazi rise to power in 1933, one of Adolf Hitler's most overt and audacious moves was to establish the ''Wehrmacht'', a modern offensively-capable armed force, fulfilling the Nazi régime's long-term goals of regaining lost territory as well as gaining new territory and dominating its neighbours. This required the reinstatement of conscription and massive investment and defense spending on the arms industry. The ''Wehrmacht'' formed the heart of Germany's politico-military power. In the early part of the Second World War, the ''Wehrmacht'' employed combined arms tactics (close-cover ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Częstochowa Massacre
The Częstochowa massacre, also known as the Bloody Monday, was committed by the German ''Wehrmacht'' forces beginning on the 4th day of World War II in the Polish city of Częstochowa, between 4 and 6 September 1939. The shootings, beatings and plunder continued for three days in more than a dozen separate locations around the city. Approximately 1,140 Polish civilians (150 of whom were ethnically Jewish), were murdered. Background The city of Częstochowa (population 117,000 in 1931) was overrun by the German Army on 3 September 1939 without a fight, during the German invasion of Poland, as the Polish Army "Kraków" units of the 7th Infantry Division, stationing there, had withdrawn the previous day. Many able-bodied men left the city along with the Polish soldiers. The 42 Infantry Regiment "Bayreuth" of the Wehrmacht's 10th Army entered the city early in the afternoon. On that day, their guns were not loaded, as the Wehrmacht command was more concerned with the risk ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Złoty Potok, Silesian Voivodeship
Złoty Potok is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Janów, Silesian Voivodeship, Gmina Janów, within Częstochowa County, Silesian Voivodeship, in southern Poland. It lies approximately south of Janów, Silesian Voivodeship, Janów, south-east of Częstochowa, and north-east of the regional capital Katowice. The village is a popular destination for Polish tourists during the summer months, as it hosts major festivals such as the International Folk Festival and Lato Filmowe (Summer of Movies). History and sights The settlement dates back to the Early Middle Ages. It was the site of an early medieval Gord (archaeology), stronghold of the Polish tribes, which is now an archaeological site. It became part of the emerging Polish state in the 10th century. In the 19th century a palace by Raczyński family, and a mansion of Krasiński family, were built here. In the Krasińscy mansion there is a museum dedicated to the Polish poet Zygmunt Krasiński. The village chu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Warta River
The river Warta ( , ; german: Warthe ; la, Varta) rises in central Poland and meanders greatly north-west to flow into the Oder, against the German border. About long, it is Poland's second-longest river within its borders after the Vistula, and third-longest including the Oder, that flows also across Czech Republic and Germany.Statistical Yearbook of the Republic of Poland 2017 , p. 85-86 Its |
Janów, Silesian Voivodeship
Janów is a village in Częstochowa County, Silesian Voivodeship, in southern Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Janów, Silesian Voivodeship, Gmina Janów. It lies approximately east of Częstochowa and north-east of the regional capital Katowice. The village has a population of 964. References External links Jewish Community in Janów on Virtual Shtetl Villages in Częstochowa County {{Częstochowa-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wrzosowa
Wrzosowa is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Poczesna, within Częstochowa County, Silesian Voivodeship, in southern Poland. It lies approximately north of Poczesna, south of Częstochowa, and north of the regional capital Katowice Katowice ( , , ; szl, Katowicy; german: Kattowitz, yi, קאַטעוויץ, Kattevitz) is the capital city of the Silesian Voivodeship in southern Poland and the central city of the Upper Silesian metropolitan area. It is the 11th most popul .... References Villages in Częstochowa County {{Częstochowa-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kiedrzyn, Częstochowa
Kiedrzyn is a dzielnica (district) of Częstochowa, Silesian Voivodeship, southern Poland. It is located in the north-west part of the city, between roads to Łask and Działoszyn Działoszyn is a town in Pajęczno County, Łódź Voivodeship, in south-central Poland, with 5,627 inhabitants as of December 2021. History Działoszyn was granted town rights in 1421. During the German invasion of Poland at the beginning o .... Kiedrzyn has an area of 7.77 km2 and on April 30, 2014 had 2,940 inhabitants. Kiedrzyn is called "the district of florists" - majority of the houses have their own greenhouses. In district is located local sport club Orzeł Kiedrzyn and since 1922 Volunteer Fire Brigade. In Kiedrzyn are 2 churches: Church of St. Brother Albert Chmielowski and Church of St. Andrew Bobola. Kiedrzyn is connected to the city by public transport. The bus line number 13 runs through the district. References Częstochowa Neighbourhoods in Silesian Voivodeship {{S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Czarny Las, Częstochowa County
Czarny Las is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Mykanów, within Częstochowa County, Silesian Voivodeship, in southern Poland. It lies approximately north of Częstochowa and north of the regional capital Katowice Katowice ( , , ; szl, Katowicy; german: Kattowitz, yi, קאַטעוויץ, Kattevitz) is the capital city of the Silesian Voivodeship in southern Poland and the central city of the Upper Silesian metropolitan area. It is the 11th most popul .... References Villages in Częstochowa County {{DEFAULTSORT:Czarny Las, Częstochowa County ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Szarlejka
Szarlejka is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wręczyca Wielka, within Kłobuck County, Silesian Voivodeship, in southern Poland. It lies approximately east of Wręczyca Wielka, south-east of Kłobuck, and north of the regional capital Katowice Katowice ( , , ; szl, Katowicy; german: Kattowitz, yi, קאַטעוויץ, Kattevitz) is the capital city of the Silesian Voivodeship in southern Poland and the central city of the Upper Silesian metropolitan area. It is the 11th most popul .... References Szarlejka {{Kłobuck-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Commissioned Officer
An officer is a person who holds a position of authority as a member of an armed force or uniformed service. Broadly speaking, "officer" means a commissioned officer, a non-commissioned officer, or a warrant officer. However, absent contextual qualification, the term typically refers only to a force's ''commissioned officers'', the more senior members who derive their authority from a commission from the head of state. Numbers The proportion of officers varies greatly. Commissioned officers typically make up between an eighth and a fifth of modern armed forces personnel. In 2013, officers were the senior 17% of the British armed forces, and the senior 13.7% of the French armed forces. In 2012, officers made up about 18% of the German armed forces, and about 17.2% of the United States armed forces. Historically, however, armed forces have generally had much lower proportions of officers. During the First World War, fewer than 5% of British soldiers were officers (partly ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
