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Batrachocottus Multiradiatus
''Batrachocottus'' is a genus of freshawater ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Cottidae, the typical sculpins. These fishes are endemic to the Lake Baikal watershed in Russia. Taxonomy ''Batrachocottus'' was first proposed as a monospecific genus in 1903 by the Russian ichthyologist Lev Berg with ''Cottus baicalensis'' as its type species. This genus was not mentioned by the 5th edition of ''Fishes of the World'' and has been placed in the family Cottidae by some authorities. and in the subfamily Abyssocottinae by others. However, other authorities have used phylogenetic studies which have found that Baikal sculpins that were classified in the subfamilies Comephorinae and Abyssocottinae by ''Fishes of the World'' radiated from an ancestor which was likely to be within the genus '' Cottus'' and that the classification of the Baikal sculpins in a different taxon from ''Cottus'' was paraphyletic. Species There are currently four recognized species in this genus: * ''Batrach ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lev Berg
Lev Semyonovich Berg, also known as Leo S. Berg (russian: Лев Семёнович Берг; 14 March 1876 – 24 December 1950) was a leading Russian geographer, biologist and ichthyologist who served as President of the Soviet Geographical Society between 1940 and 1950. He is known for his own evolutionary theory, nomogenesis (a form of orthogenesis incorporating mutationism) as opposed to the theories of Darwin and Lamarck. Life Lev Berg was born in Bessarabia in a Jewish family, the son of Simon Gregoryevich Berg, a notary, and Klara Lvovna Bernstein-Kogan. He graduated from the Second Kishinev Gymnasium in 1894. Like some of his relatives, Berg converted to Christianity in order to pursue his studies at Moscow State University. At Moscow University, Berg studied hydrobiology and geography. He later studied ichthyology and in 1928 was awarded he was also a member of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Lev Berg graduated from the Moscow State University in 1898. Between 190 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fishes Of The World
''Fishes of the World'' by the American ichthyologist Joseph S. Nelson (1937–2011) is a standard reference for fish systematics. Now in its fifth edition (2016), the work is a comprehensive overview of the diversity and classification of the 30,000-plus fish species known to science. The book begins with a general overview of ichthyology, although it is not self-contained. After a short section on Chordata and non-fish taxa, the work lists all known fish families in a systematic fashion. Each family (biology), family gets at least one paragraph, and usually a body outline drawing; large families have subfamilies and tribes described as well. Notable genera and species are mentioned, while the book generally does not deal with the species-level diversity. The complexities of the higher taxa are described succinctly, with many references for difficult points. The book does not involve color illustrations. The fourth edition was the first to incorporate the wide use of DNA analy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Valentina Grigorievna Sideleva
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Batrachocottus Talievi
''Batrachocottus'' is a genus of freshawater ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Cottidae, the typical sculpins. These fishes are endemic to the Lake Baikal watershed in Russia. Taxonomy ''Batrachocottus'' was first proposed as a monospecific genus in 1903 by the Russian ichthyologist Lev Berg with ''Cottus baicalensis'' as its type species. This genus was not mentioned by the 5th edition of ''Fishes of the World'' and has been placed in the family Cottidae by some authorities. and in the subfamily Abyssocottinae by others. However, other authorities have used phylogenetic studies which have found that Baikal sculpins that were classified in the subfamilies Comephorinae and Abyssocottinae by ''Fishes of the World'' radiated from an ancestor which was likely to be within the genus '' Cottus'' and that the classification of the Baikal sculpins in a different taxon from ''Cottus'' was paraphyletic. Species There are currently four recognized species in this genus: * ''Batrach ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Batrachocottus Nikolskii
''Batrachocottus'' is a genus of freshawater ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Cottidae, the typical sculpins. These fishes are endemic to the Lake Baikal watershed in Russia. Taxonomy ''Batrachocottus'' was first proposed as a monospecific genus in 1903 by the Russian ichthyologist Lev Berg with ''Cottus baicalensis'' as its type species. This genus was not mentioned by the 5th edition of ''Fishes of the World'' and has been placed in the family Cottidae by some authorities. and in the subfamily Abyssocottinae by others. However, other authorities have used phylogenetic studies which have found that Baikal sculpins that were classified in the subfamilies Comephorinae and Abyssocottinae by ''Fishes of the World'' radiated from an ancestor which was likely to be within the genus '' Cottus'' and that the classification of the Baikal sculpins in a different taxon from ''Cottus'' was paraphyletic. Species There are currently four recognized species in this genus: * ''Batrach ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Batrachocottus Multiradiatus
''Batrachocottus'' is a genus of freshawater ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Cottidae, the typical sculpins. These fishes are endemic to the Lake Baikal watershed in Russia. Taxonomy ''Batrachocottus'' was first proposed as a monospecific genus in 1903 by the Russian ichthyologist Lev Berg with ''Cottus baicalensis'' as its type species. This genus was not mentioned by the 5th edition of ''Fishes of the World'' and has been placed in the family Cottidae by some authorities. and in the subfamily Abyssocottinae by others. However, other authorities have used phylogenetic studies which have found that Baikal sculpins that were classified in the subfamilies Comephorinae and Abyssocottinae by ''Fishes of the World'' radiated from an ancestor which was likely to be within the genus '' Cottus'' and that the classification of the Baikal sculpins in a different taxon from ''Cottus'' was paraphyletic. Species There are currently four recognized species in this genus: * ''Batrach ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Batrachocottus Baicalensis
The bighead sculpin (''Batrachocottus baicalensis'') is a species of sculpin fish that is endemic to the Lake Baikal watershed in Siberia, Russia. It typically lives on rocky bottoms, often in places with Baikal sponge, sponges, at depths of , but can occur as deep as . Its colour varies from grayish to brownish or greenish depending on the bottom type. It can reach up to in length, but most are . It feeds on a wide range of smaller animals such as young fish, insect larvae, amphipods, molluscs and oligochaetes. Breeding is in the spring where the female lays 618 to 1622 eggs, which are guarded by the male. The bighead sculpin is variously considered to belong either to the family Cottocomephoridae, Cottidae or Abyssocottidae.Tytti Kontula, Sergei V. Kirilchik, Risto Väinölä (2003Endemic diversification of the monophyletic cottoid fish species flock in Lake Baikal explored with mtDNA sequencing''Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution'' 27, 1, 143–155. References {{Taxon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paraphyletic
In taxonomy (general), taxonomy, a group is paraphyletic if it consists of the group's most recent common ancestor, last common ancestor and most of its descendants, excluding a few Monophyly, monophyletic subgroups. The group is said to be paraphyletic ''with respect to'' the excluded subgroups. In contrast, a monophyletic group (a clade) includes a common ancestor and ''all'' of its descendants. The terms are commonly used in phylogenetics (a subfield of biology) and in the tree model of historical linguistics. Paraphyletic groups are identified by a combination of Synapomorphy and apomorphy, synapomorphies and symplesiomorphy, symplesiomorphies. If many subgroups are missing from the named group, it is said to be polyparaphyletic. The term was coined by Willi Hennig to apply to well-known taxa like Reptilia (reptiles) which, as commonly named and traditionally defined, is paraphyletic with respect to mammals and birds. Reptilia contains the last common ancestor of reptiles a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cottus (fish)
''Cottus'' is a genus of the mainly freshwater ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Cottidae, the typical sculpins. They are often referred to as the "freshwater sculpins", as they are the principal genus of sculpins to be found in fresh water. They are native to the Palearctic and Nearctic. They are small fish, mostly less than in length, although a few species can reach twice that size. Taxonomy ''Cottus'' was first proposed as a genus by Carl Linnaeus in the 10th edition of the ''Systema Naturae'' when he described the European bullhead (''Cottus gobio'') and in 1850 this species was designated as the type species of the genus by the French ichthyologist Charles Frédéric Girard. The 5th edition of the ''Fishes of the World'' classifies this genus within the subfamily Cottinae of the family Cottidae. Other authorities have found that the Cottidae, as delimited in the 5th edition of Fishes of the World, is paraphyletic and that the monophyletic grouping is the freshwate ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phylogenetics
In biology, phylogenetics (; from Greek language, Greek wikt:φυλή, φυλή/wikt:φῦλον, φῦλον [] "tribe, clan, race", and wikt:γενετικός, γενετικός [] "origin, source, birth") is the study of the evolutionary history and relationships among or within groups of organisms. These relationships are determined by Computational phylogenetics, phylogenetic inference methods that focus on observed heritable traits, such as DNA sequences, Protein, protein Amino acid, amino acid sequences, or Morphology (biology), morphology. The result of such an analysis is a phylogenetic tree—a diagram containing a hypothesis of relationships that reflects the evolutionary history of a group of organisms. The tips of a phylogenetic tree can be living taxa or fossils, and represent the "end" or the present time in an evolutionary lineage. A phylogenetic diagram can be rooted or unrooted. A rooted tree diagram indicates the hypothetical common ancestor of the tree. An un ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abyssocottinae
The Abyssocottinae are a subfamily of ray-finned fishes in the family Cottidae, the sculpins. They are known commonly as the deep-water sculpins.Froese, R. and D. Pauly. (Eds.Abyssocottidae.FishBase. 2011. The entire family is endemic to Lake Baikal in Siberia.Hunt, D. M., et al. (1997)Molecular evolution of the cottoid fish endemic to Lake Baikal deduced from nuclear DNA evidence.''Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution'' 8(3), 415–22. Sculpins of this subfamily mostly live in deep water, below . There are 24 known species in seven genera. These include, for instance, '' Abyssocottus korotneffi'' and ''Cottinella boulengeri'' which are among the deepest-living freshwater fish. Baikal is the deepest lake on Earth () and sculpins occupy even its greatest depths. Evolution and systematics Molecular studies based on mitochondrial DNA suggest that the Abyssocottinae along with other Lake Baikal cottoid fishes, now attributed to the likewise endemic Cottocomephorinae (Baikal scul ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Type Species
In zoological nomenclature, a type species (''species typica'') is the species name with which the name of a genus or subgenus is considered to be permanently taxonomically associated, i.e., the species that contains the biological type specimen(s). Article 67.1 A similar concept is used for suprageneric groups and called a type genus. In botanical nomenclature, these terms have no formal standing under the code of nomenclature, but are sometimes borrowed from zoological nomenclature. In botany, the type of a genus name is a specimen (or, rarely, an illustration) which is also the type of a species name. The species name that has that type can also be referred to as the type of the genus name. Names of genus and family ranks, the various subdivisions of those ranks, and some higher-rank names based on genus names, have such types. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
_(2).jpg "Click for more on -> Type Species")