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Bashkir Rebellion Of 1704–1711
The Bashkir Rebellion from 1704 to 1711 was one of the longest in the series of Bashkir rebellions in the 17th and 18th centuries in the Russian Empire. The Bashkir uprisings of 1662–1664, 1681–1684, and 1704-1711 have been treated at length by Soviet and post-Soviet historians as evidence of Bashkiria's gradual incorporation into the empire and of Bashkir resistance to colonial oppression. Causes In August 1704, at a meeting of the Bashkirian general tax collectors, M. A. Zhiharev Dohov read a new decree. The decree introduced 72 new taxes, including for mosques, mullahs, and each person who went into a house of prayer. The decree also required building new mosques on the model of Christian churches, for example placing the cemetery near the mosque. All this was seen as a direct step to a future full-scale forcible baptism (conversion). In addition, the Russian authorities demanded 20,000 horses, and then another 4,000 soldiers, for use in the Great Northern War with Sw ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bashkir Rebellion (other)
Bashkir rebellion () may refer to: *Bashkir rebellion of 1662–1664 *Bashkir rebellion of 1681–1684 *Bashkir rebellion of 1704–1711 *Bashkir rebellion of 1735–1740 *Bashkir rebellion of 1834-1835, Bashkir rebellion of 1834–1835 {{dab ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Google Translate
Google Translate is a multilingualism, multilingual neural machine translation, neural machine translation service developed by Google to translation, translate text, documents and websites from one language into another. It offers a web application, website interface, a mobile app for Android (operating system), Android and iOS, as well as an API that helps developers build browser extensions and application software, software applications. As of , Google Translate supports languages and language varieties at various levels. It served over 200 million people daily in May 2013, and over 500 million total users , with more than 100 billion words translated daily. Launched in April 2006 as a statistical machine translation service, it originally used United Nations and European Parliament documents and transcripts to gather linguistic data. Rather than translating languages directly, it first translated text to English and then pivoted to the target language in most of the langu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rebellions Against The Russian Empire
Rebellion is an uprising that resists and is organized against one's government. A rebel is a person who engages in a rebellion. A rebel group is a consciously coordinated group that seeks to gain political control over an entire state or a portion of a state. A rebellion is often caused by political, religious, or social grievances that originate from a perceived inequality or marginalization. ''Rebellion'' comes from Latin ''re'' and ''bellum'', and in Lockian philosophy refers to the responsibility of the people to overthrow unjust government. Classification Uprisings which revolt, resisting and taking direct action against an authority, law or policy, as well as organize, are rebellions. An insurrection is an uprising to change the government. If a government does not recognize rebels as belligerents, then they are insurgents and the revolt is an insurgency. In a larger conflict, the rebels may be recognized as belligerents without their government being recognized ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bashkir Rebellion Of 1735–1740
The Bashkir rebellion of 1735–1740 refers to a rebellion by the Bashkirs against the Russian Empire. It started in 1735, but was put down by Russian troops in 1740 after a series of heavy clashes. Background From at least the time of Peter the Great, there had been talk of Russian pushing southeast toward Persia and India. Ivan Kirillov, a Russian commander, drew up a plan to build a fort to be called Orenburg at Orsk at the confluence of the Or River and the Ural River southeast of the Urals where the Bashkir, Kalmyk and Kazakh lands join. Construction was started at Orsk in 1735, but by 1743 "Orenburg" was moved about west to its present location. The next planned step was to build a fort on the Aral Sea. This would involve crossing the Bashkir country and then the lands of the Kazakh Lesser Horde, some of whom had recently offered a nominal submission. However, a significant portion of the Bashkir population resented this plan. Rebellion Kirillov's plan was app ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bashkir Rebellion Of 1681–1684
The Bashkir rebellion of 1681–1684 (Seit's revolt) was one of the major Bashkir uprisings of the second half of the 17th century. Causes The main reason was rooted in the decree issued by the tsarist government (Decree of 16 May 1681), which proclaimed a plan to forcibly Christianize Bashkirs. Course of hostilities The main forces of the rebels: Bashkirs, led by a Bashkirs from a noble family, Seit-batyr. The first actions began in the summer of 1681 in Nogai and Siberian darugah. In the spring of 1682, a mass struggle unfolded: the rebel Kazan Daruga attacked the Zakamsky fortresses. The main blow in Osinskaya daruga was directed to Kungur, fortresses and villages founded by Stroganovs on Bashkir lands. Numerous rebel detachment besieged Ufa, took Krasny Yar, Lovashnoye and others, in the west — Piyaniy bor, Karakulino and other objects. By May, the uprising had engulfed the entire region. Unsuccessful attempts to suppress the uprising forced the government to ap ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bashkir Rebellion Of 1662–1664
The Bashkir rebellion was one of the first major insurrection of the Bashkirs in the second half of the 17th century. Causes of rebellion Since the mid-16th century, the Bashkirs were vassals of the Tsardom of Russia. The main reason for the rebellion was the fear of losing patrimonial rights to lands received under the terms of accession to Russia as a result of the Russian expansion. The Bashkirs were also unhappy with the arbitrariness of the Ufa governor and complained about increasing taxes and abuse by officials during collections. Place of the uprising Distribution of the uprising in the territory of the middle reaches of the river Iset, Miass (river), Miass in the east to the middle reaches of the Kama River in the west, from the river Yaik (now the Urals) in the south to the river Chusovaya River, Chusovoi in the north. Fighting The uprising began in the summer of 1662 in the Urals. Bashkirs led by Sarah Mergena, Uraslanbek Bakkin and other leaders attacked Kataysky ja ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pyrrhic Victory
A Pyrrhic victory ( ) is a victory that inflicts such a devastating toll on the victor that it is tantamount to defeat. Such a victory negates any true sense of achievement or damages long-term progress. The phrase originates from a quote from Pyrrhus of Epirus, whose triumph against the Romans in the Battle of Asculum in 279 BC destroyed much of his forces, forcing the end of his campaign. Etymology A "Pyrrhic victory" is named after King Pyrrhus of Epirus, whose army suffered irreplaceable casualties in defeating the Romans at the Battle of Heraclea in 280 BC and the Battle of Asculum in 279 BC, during the Pyrrhic War. After the latter battle, Plutarch relates in a report by Dionysius: In both Epirote victories, the Romans suffered greater casualties, but they had a much larger pool of replacements, so the casualties had less impact on the Roman war effort than the losses had on the campaign of King Pyrrhus. The report is often quoted as: or Examples War This ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kondraty Bulavin
The Bulavin Rebellion or Astrakhan Revolt (; Восстание Булавина, ''Vosstaniye Bulavina'') was a war which took place in the years 1707 and 1708 between the Don Cossacks and the Tsardom of Russia. Kondraty Bulavin, a democratically elected Ataman of the Don Cossacks, led the Cossack rebels. The conflict was triggered by a number of underlying tensions between the Moscow government under Peter I of Russia, the Cossacks, and Russian peasants fleeing from serfdom in Russia to gain freedom in the autonomous Don area. It started with the 1707 assassination of Prince , the leader of Imperial army's punitive expedition to the Don area, by Don Cossacks under Bulavin's command. The end of the rebellion came with Bulavin's death in 1708. Underlying causes A number of social grievances were prevalent in the peasant population of Russia in the years leading up to the Bulavin Rebellion. Peter the Great's radical reforms designed to "Westernize" old Muscovy in the 18th cent ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Crimean Khanate
The Crimean Khanate, self-defined as the Throne of Crimea and Desht-i Kipchak, and in old European historiography and geography known as Little Tartary, was a Crimean Tatars, Crimean Tatar state existing from 1441 to 1783, the longest-lived of the Turkic peoples, Turkic khanates that succeeded the empire of the Golden Horde. Established by Hacı I Giray in 1441, it was regarded as the direct heir to the Golden Horde and to Cumania, Desht-i-Kipchak. In 1783, violating the 1774 Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca (which had guaranteed non-interference of both Russia and the Ottoman Empire in the affairs of the Crimean Khanate), the Annexation of the Crimean Khanate by the Russian Empire, Russian Empire annexed the khanate. Among the European powers, only France came out with an open protest against this act, due to the longstanding Franco-Ottoman alliance. Naming and geography The Crimean Khans, considering their state as the heir and legal successor of the Golden Horde and Desht-i Kipcha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman Empire (), also called the Turkish Empire, was an empire, imperial realm that controlled much of Southeast Europe, West Asia, and North Africa from the 14th to early 20th centuries; it also controlled parts of southeastern Central Europe, between the early 16th and early 18th centuries. The empire emerged from a Anatolian beyliks, ''beylik'', or principality, founded in northwestern Anatolia in by the Turkoman (ethnonym), Turkoman tribal leader Osman I. His successors Ottoman wars in Europe, conquered much of Anatolia and expanded into the Balkans by the mid-14th century, transforming their petty kingdom into a transcontinental empire. The Ottomans ended the Byzantine Empire with the Fall of Constantinople, conquest of Constantinople in 1453 by Mehmed II. With its capital at History of Istanbul#Ottoman Empire, Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul) and control over a significant portion of the Mediterranean Basin, the Ottoman Empire was at the centre of interacti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kirov, Kirov Oblast
Kirov (, ), formerly known as Vyatka ( rus, Вя́тка, links=no, a=, p=[ˈvʲatka]) until 1934 and as Khlynov () from 1457 to 1780, is the largest types of inhabited localities in Russia, city and administrative center of Kirov Oblast, Russia. It is situated on the Vyatka (river), Vyatka River in European Russia, northeast of Moscow. Its population was 468,212 in 2021, up to roughly 750 thousand residents in the urban agglomeration. The city was founded in 1374 (according to other sources in 1181). It was the center of Vyatka Land, which was settled by Russians during the Middle Ages. It was renamed ''Kirov'' after the Bolshevik politician Sergei Kirov in 1934, even though he never visited the city. It is an important economic, transportation, industrial, educational and cultural center in Volga-Vyatka Economic Region, Volga-Vyatka region. It is also home to the many Russian folk crafts, such as Dymkovo toys, vyatka lace and carving on a capa-root. In the historic part of t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kama River
The Kama ( , ; ; ), also known as the Chulman ( ; ), is a long«Река КАМА» Russian State Water Registry river in Russia. It has a drainage basin of . It is the longest left tributary of the Volga River, Volga and the largest one in discharge. At their confluence, in fact, the Kama is even larger in terms of discharge than the Volga. It starts in the Udmurt Republic, near Kuliga, flowing northwest for , turning northeast near Loyno, Kirov Oblast, Loyno for another , then turning south and west in Perm Krai, flowing again through the Udmurtia, Udmurt Republic and then through the Republic of Tatarstan, where it meets the Volga south of Kazan. Before the advent of railroads, important portages connected the Kama with the basins of the Northern Dvina and the Pechora River, Pechora. In the early 19th-centu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
